- Structure-Kinetic Profiling of Haloperidol Analogues at the Human Dopamine D2 Receptor
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Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic drug (APD) associated with an increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs) and hyperprolactinemia relative to atypical APDs such as clozapine. Both drugs are dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonists, with contrasting kinetic profiles. Haloperidol displays fast association/slow dissociation at the D2R, whereas clozapine exhibits relatively slow association/fast dissociation. Recently, we have provided evidence that slow dissociation from the D2R predicts hyperprolactinemia, whereas fast association predicts EPS. Unfortunately, clozapine can cause severe side effects independent of its D2R action. Our results suggest an optimal kinetic profile for D2R antagonist APDs that avoids EPS. To begin exploring this hypothesis, we conducted a structure-kinetic relationship study of haloperidol and revealed that subtle structural modifications dramatically change binding kinetic rate constants, affording compounds with a clozapine-like kinetic profile. Thus, optimization of these kinetic parameters may allow development of novel APDs based on the haloperidol scaffold with improved side-effect profiles.
- Fyfe, Tim J.,Kellam, Barrie,Sykes, David A.,Capuano, Ben,Scammells, Peter J.,Lane, J. Robert,Charlton, Steven J.,Mistry, Shailesh N.
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p. 9488 - 9520
(2019/11/11)
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- Benzo aliphatic ring derivatives, and applications thereof
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The invention discloses benzo aliphatic ring derivatives, and applications thereof. The benzo aliphatic ring derivatives are prepared through substation of benzo aliphatic ring compounds with nitrogenheterocyclic ring containing substituent groups. Most o
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Paragraph 0135-0139
(2019/03/12)
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- Monoamine Oxidase (MAO-N) Whole Cell Biocatalyzed Aromatization of 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridines into Pyridines
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A sustainable MAO-N biocatalyzed process for the synthesis of pyridines from aliphatic tetrahydropyridines (THP) has been developed. Pyridine compounds were synthesized under mild reaction conditions and with high conversion, exploiting MAO-N whole cells as aromatizing biocatalysts. The kinetic profile of the whole cell biocatalytic transformation was finally investigated via in situ 19F NMR.
- Toscani, Anita,Risi, Caterina,Black, Gary W.,Brown, Nicola L.,Shaaban, Ali,Turner, Nicholas J.,Castagnolo, Daniele
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p. 8781 - 8787
(2018/09/06)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(isoxazol-5-ylmethylaminoethyl)-4- phenyl tetrahydropyridine and piperidine derivatives as potent T-type calcium channel blockers with antinociceptive effect in a neuropathic pain model
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New tetrahydropyridinyl and piperidinyl ethylamine derivatives were designed with hypothetical mapping on pharmacophore model generated from ligand-based virtual screening. The designed compounds were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities on T-type calcium channel were assayed using FDSS and patch-clamp assay. Among them, compounds 7b and 10b showed potent T-type calcium current blocking activity against Cav3.1 (α 1G) and Cav3.2 (α1H) channel simultaneously. With hERG and pharmacokinetics studies, compounds 7b and 10b were evaluated for the antinociceptive effect on rat model of neuropathic pain. They were significantly effective in decreasing the pain responses to mechanical and cold allodynia induced by spinal nerve ligation. These results suggest that modulation of α1G and α1H subtype T-type calcium channels may provide a promising approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
- Lee, Ju-Hyeon,Seo, Seon Hee,Lim, Eun Jeong,Cho, Nam-Chul,Nam, Ghilsoo,Kang, Soon Bang,Pae, Ae Nim,Jeong, Nakcheol,Keum, Gyochang
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p. 246 - 257
(2014/02/14)
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- Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel aryl-tetrahydropyridine PPARα/γ dual agonists
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Aryl-tetrahydropyridine derivatives were prepared and their PPARα/γ dual agonistic activities were evaluated. Among them, compound (S)-5b was identified as a potent PPARα/γ dual agonist with an EC50 of 1.73 and 0.64 μM in hPPARα and γ, respectively. In diabetic (db/db) mice, compound (S)-5b showed good glucose lowering efficacy and favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
- Kim, Eunkyung,Park, Chan Sun,Han, Taedong,Bae, Myung-Ho,Chong, Wonee,Lee, Choong Hyun,Shin, Young Ah,Ahn, Byung-Nak,Kim, Mi Kyung,Shin, Chang Yell,Son, Moon Ho,Kim, Jin Kwan,Moon, Ho Sang,Shim, Hyun Joo,Kim, Eun Jung,Kim, Soon Hoe,Lim, Joong In,Lee, Chun Ho
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scheme or table
p. 4993 - 4996
(2009/05/26)
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- New carboxamide compounds having melanin concentrating hormone antagonistic activity, pharmaceutical preparations comprising these compounds and process for their manufacture
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The present invention relates to carboxamide compounds of general formula I wherein the groups and residues A, B, W, X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R3 and k have the meanings given in claim 1. Moreover the invention relates to process for preparing the above mentioned carboxamides as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one carboxamide according to the invention. In view of their MCH-receptor antagonistic activity the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of metabolic disorders and/or eating disorders, particularly obesity, bulimia, anorexia, hyperphagia and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 61
(2010/02/09)
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- METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING AMYLOID-RELATED DISEASES
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Methods, compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and kits are described for treating or preventing amyloid-related disease.
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Page 167; 168
(2008/06/13)
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- Design and synthesis of orally active inhibitors of TNF synthesis as anti-rheumatoid arthritis drugs
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A novel series of TNF inhibitors was identified based on the screening of existing MMP inhibitor libraries. Further SAR optimization led to the discovery of a novel lead compound. Its synthesis, efficacy in experimental animal models, and pharmacokinetic
- Chen, Jian Jeffrey,Dewdney, Nolan,Lin, Xiaohong,Martin, Robert L.,Walker, Keith A. M.,Huang, Jane,Chu, Frances,Eugui, Elsie,Mirkovich, Anna,Kim, Yong,Sarma, Keshab,Arzeno, Humberto,Van Wart, Harold E.
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p. 3951 - 3954
(2007/10/03)
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- Fused heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutical applications thereof
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The present invention relates to a fused heterocyclic compound of the formula (I) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, an optical isomer thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound of the formula (I), an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable additive, and a medicament containing a compound of the formula (I), an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound of the present invention is a useful antipsychotic agent effective not only for positive symptoms centering on hallucination and delusion characteristic of the acute stage of schizophrenia, but also negative symptoms of apathy, abulia and autism. The inventive compound is expected to make a highly safe antipsychotic agent associated with less side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms and endocrine disturbance, which are observed when a conventional antipsychotic agent having a D2receptor blocking action is administered. Therefore, the inventive compound can be used as a therapeutic agent for the diseases such as schizophrenia.
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- Synthesis of 4-substituted 4-arylpiperidines
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Several novel 4-substituted 4-arylpiperidines were synthesized. The chemistry leading to 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-fluoropiperidine (6), 4-azido-4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidine (7) and 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methylpiperidine (8) is described. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Harriman,Shao,Luly
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p. 8853 - 8856
(2007/10/03)
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- Irreversible inhibition of the HIV-1 protease: Targeting alkylating agents to the catalytic aspartate groups
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Irreversible inhibition of the HIV-1 protease by agents that specifically alkylate its catalytic aspartate residues is a potentially useful approach for circumventing the evolution of HIV strains that are resistant to protease inhibitors. Five haloperidol- and two FMOC-based epoxides of differing reactivities have been synthesized and tested as irreversible inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR). Of these, two trisubstituted epoxides, a cis-1,2-disubstituted epoxide, a 1,1-disubstituted epoxide, and a monosubstituted epoxide function as irreversible inhibitors, but two trans-1,2-disubstituted epoxides do not. The most effective of the epoxides (6) inactivates HIV-1 PR with K(inact) = 65 μM and V(inact) = 0.009 min-1. 1,2-Epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNP), a nonspecific inactivating agent for aspartyl proteases, has been used to validate a protocol for establishing the stoichiometry and site of protein alkylation. Mass spectrometric analysis of the inactivated enzyme shows that one molecule of either EPNP or the cyclic 1,2-disubstituted epoxide 6 is covalently bound per HIV-1 PR dimer. Mass spectrometric sequencing of labeled proteolytic peptides shows that both inhibitors are covalently bound to a catalytic aspartate residue. The covalent binding of three α,β-unsaturated ketone derivatives of haloperidol has been similarly examined. Analysis of HIV-1 PR inactivated by these agents establishes that they bind covalently to the two cysteines and the N-terminal amino group but not detectably to the catalytic aspartate residues. The results indicate that aspartate-targeted inactivation of HIV-1 PR depends on (a) matching the reactivity of the alkylating functionality to that of the aspartates, preferably by exploiting the two-aspartate catalytic motif of the protease to activate the alkylating agent, and (b) appropriate positioning of the alkylating functionality within the active site. These requirements are readily met by a monosubstituted, 1,1-disubstituted, or cyclic cis-1,2-disubstituted epoxide but not by trans-1,2-disubstituted epoxides or α,β-unsaturated ketones.
- Yu,Caldera,McPhee,De Voss,Jones,Burlingame,Kuntz,Craik,Ortiz De Montellano
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p. 5846 - 5856
(2007/10/03)
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