- SMALL MOLECULE ENTEROVIRUS INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
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This invention is in the field of medicinal chemistry. In particular, the invention relates to a new class of small-molecules having a quinoline (or similar) structure which function as antagonists of androgen receptor activity, and their use as therapeutics for the treatment of cancer (e.g., castration-resistant prostate cancer) and other conditions characterized with androgen receptor activity and/or androgen receptor expression.
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Paragraph 0093; 0095; 0107-0109; 0112; 0166; 0171
(2021/08/13)
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- Discovery of Quinoline Analogues as Potent Antivirals against Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68)
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Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an atypical nonpolio enterovirus that mainly infects the respiratory system of humans, leading to moderate-to-severe respiratory diseases. In rare cases, EV-D68 can spread to the central nervous system and cause paralysis in infected patients, especially young children and immunocompromised individuals. There is currently no approved vaccine or antiviral available for the prevention and treatment of EV-D68. In this study, we aimed to improve the antiviral potency and selectivity of a previously reported EV-D68 inhibitor, dibucaine, through structure-activity relationship studies. In total, 60 compounds were synthesized and tested against EV-D68 using the viral cytopathic effect assay. Three compounds 10a, 12a, and 12c were identified to have significantly improved potency (EC50 180) compared with dibucaine against five different strains of EV-D68 viruses. These compounds also showed potent antiviral activity in neuronal cells, such as A172 and SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting they might be further developed for the treatment of both respiratory infection as well as neuronal infection.
- Musharrafieh, Rami,Zhang, Jiantao,Tuohy, Peter,Kitamura, Naoya,Bellampalli, Shreya Sai,Hu, Yanmei,Khanna, Rajesh,Wang, Jun
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p. 4074 - 4090
(2019/04/25)
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- Comparative study of the affinity and metabolism of type i and type II binding quinoline carboxamide analogues by cytochrome P450 3A4
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Compounds that coordinate to the heme-iron of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are assumed to increase metabolic stability. However, recently we observed that the type II binding quinoline carboxamide (QCA) compounds were metabolically less stable. To test if the higher intrinsic clearance of type II binding compounds relative to type I binding compounds is general for other metabolic transformations, we synthesized a library of QCA compounds that could undergo N-dealkylation, O-dealkylation, benzylic hydroxylation, and aromatic hydroxylation. The results demonstrated that type II binding QCA analogues were metabolically less stable (2- to 12-fold) at subsaturating concentration compared to type I binding counterparts for all the transformations. When the rates of different metabolic transformations between type I and type II binding compounds were compared, they were found to be in the order of N-demethylation > benzylic hydroxylation> O-demethylation > aromatic hydroxylation. Finally, for the QCA analogues with aza-heteroaromatic rings, we did not detect metabolism in aza-aromatic rings (pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine), indicating that electronegativity of the nitrogen can change regioselectivity in CYP metabolism.
- Dahal, Upendra P.,Joswig-Jones, Carolyn,Jones, Jeffrey P.
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p. 280 - 290
(2012/03/10)
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- Small molecule quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolites of drugs and drug candidates
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Identification and quantification of the metabolites of drugs and drug candidates are routinely performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The best practice is to generate a standard curve with the metabolite versus the internal standard. However, to avoid the difficulties in metabolite synthesis, standard curves are sometimes prepared using the substrate, assuming that the signal for substrate and the metabolite will be equivalent. We have tested the errors associated with this assumption using a series of very similar compounds that undergo common metabolic reactions using both conventional flow electrospray ionization LC-MS and low-flow captive spray ionization (CSI) LC-MS. The differences in standard curves for four different types of transformations (O-demethylation, N-demethylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and benzylic hydroxylation) are presented. The results demonstrate that the signals of the substrates compared with those of the metabolites are statistically different in 18 of the 20 substrate-metabolite combinations for both methods. The ratio of the slopes of the standard curves varied up to 4-fold but was slightly less for the CSI method. Copyright
- Dahal, Upendra P.,Jones, Jeffrey P.,Davis, John A.,Rock, Dan A.
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p. 2355 - 2360
(2012/03/26)
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