- A Multi-enzyme Cascade for the Biosynthesis of AICA Ribonucleoside Di- and Triphosphate
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AICA (5′-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide) ribonucleotides with different phosphorylation levels are the pharmaceutically active metabolites of AICA nucleoside-based drugs. The chemical synthesis of AICA ribonucleotides with defined phosphorylation is challenging and expensive. In this study, we describe two enzymatic cascades to synthesize AICA derivatives with defined phosphorylation levels from the corresponding nucleobase and the co-substrate phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate. The cascades are composed of an adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from Escherichia coli (EcAPT) and different polyphosphate kinases: polyphosphate kinase from Acinetobacter johnsonii (AjPPK), and polyphosphate kinase from Meiothermus ruber (MrPPK). The role of the EcAPT is to bind the nucleobase to the sugar moiety, while the kinases are responsible for further phosphorylation of the nucleotide to produce the desired phosphorylated AICA ribonucleotide. The selected enzymes were characterized, and conditions were established for two enzymatic cascades. The diphosphorylated AICA ribonucleotide derivative ZDP, synthesized from the cascade EcAPT/AjPPK, was produced with a conversion up to 91 %. The EcAPT/MrPPK cascade yielded ZTP with conversion up to 65 % with ZDP as a side product.
- Eltoukhy, Lobna,Loderer, Christoph
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- Facile solid-phase synthesis of AICAR 5-monophosphate (ZMP) and its 4-N-Alkyl derivatives
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We report herein a facile, solid-phase synthesis of 5-aminol-β-D- ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide-5'-monophosphate (ZMP), a biosynthetic precursor of purine nucleotides, as well as a small collection of its 4-N-alkyl derivatives. The very difficult, direct, chemical phosphorylation of 5-amino-lβ-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) was circumvented by installing a suitable, fully protected, phos phate group on the 5'-position of A-l-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)inosine, connected to the solid support through the 2',3'-positions, prior to the purine degradation, which led to the 5amino-imidazole-4-ca:rboxamide moiety. A plausible reaction mechanism for the formation of the ZMP imidazole was also reported.
- Oliviero, Giorgia,D'Errico, Stefano,Borbone, Nicola,Amato, Jussara,Piccialli, Vincenzo,Piccialli, Gennaro,Luciano, Mayoi
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experimental part
p. 1517 - 1524
(2010/06/16)
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