- Combining ibuprofen sodium with cellulosic polymers: A deep dive into mechanisms of prolonged supersaturation
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The combination of a highly soluble salt form of a drug with a polymeric precipitation inhibitor has the potential to prolong drug supersaturation even following salt disproportionation. In this study, dissolution profiles of ibuprofen sodium in the presence of various cellulosic polymers, including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose (MC), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), were examined in order to assess degree and duration of supersaturation. In addition, the roles that the polymers played in altering drug solubility, media viscosity, physical form, and particle morphology were also assessed. A deep dive into the mechanisms of supersaturation revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding between ibuprofen and HPMC was driving supersaturation through nucleation inhibition and crystal growth modification. Polymer viscosity was proposed as the primary factor prolonging supersaturation of ibuprofen in the presence of MC, while mechanisms other than hydrogen bonding were likely to be attributed to supersaturation with the most hydrophobic polymer evaluated, HPC. Overall, the study suggested that induction of intermolecular interactions between ibuprofen and HPMC were more effective at inhibiting nucleation and maintaining prolonged supersaturation than physical modulation of solution properties, such as viscosity.
- Terebetski, Jenna L.,Michniak-Kohn, Bozena
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- A three-minute synthesis and purification of ibuprofen: Pushing the limits of continuous-flow processing
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In a total residence time of three minutes, ibuprofen was assembled from its elementary building blocks with an average yield of above 90% for each step. A scale-up of this five-stage process (3 bond-forming steps, one work-up, and one in-line liquid-liquid separation) provided ibuprofen at a rate of 8.09 gh-1 (equivalent to 70.8 kg y-1) using a system with an overall footprint of half the size of a standard laboratory fume hood. Aside from the high throughput, several other aspects of this synthesis expand the capabilities of continuous-flow processing, including a Friedel-Crafts acylation run under neat conditions and promoted by AlCl3, an exothermic in-line quench of high concentrations of precipitation-prone AlCl3, liquid-liquid separations run at or above 200 psi to provide solvent-free product, and the use of highly aggressive oxidants, such as iodine monochloride. The use of simple, inexpensive, and readily available reagents thus affords a practical synthesis of this important generic pharmaceutical.
- Snead, David R.,Jamison, Timothy F.
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- Thermal, spectroscopic and biological studies on solid ibuprofen complexes of heavy trivalent lanthanides and yttrium
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Heavy lanthanide complexes (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) and yttrium (III) complexes with ibuprofen ligands (Hibu) were synthesized and characterized by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), attenuated total reflection mid-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-MIR), complexometric titration, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) in order to determine stoichiometry, thermal stability and the ligand coordination modes of the compounds. The volatiles released were also analyzed by online coupled thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy evolved gas analysis (TG-EGA-MIR), to identify the main product resulting from the heating of terbium complex. In addition, ibuprofen and the synthesized compounds were tested to assess cytotoxic/proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity. The results of the cytotoxicity assays showed that compounds [Yb(ibu)3], [Lu(ibu)3] and [Y(ibu)3] decreased the cytotoxic activity of ibuprofen. Furthermore, [Yb(ibu)3] and [Lu(ibu)3] exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory profile, superior to that of ibuprofen. Under the stimulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide, these compounds displayed anti-inflammatory activity characterized by low TNF-α and H2O2 production and high IL-10 production, emerging as interesting alternatives for further biological applications.
- Holanda, Bruno B.C.,Guerra, Renan B.,Legendre, Alexandre O.,Almeida, Débora F.,Fraga-Silva, Thais F.C.,Finato, ?ngela C.,Venturini, James,Bannach, Gilbert
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- Organotin(IV) complexes of NSAID, ibuprofen, X-ray structure of Ph3Sn(IBF), binding and cleavage interaction with DNA and in vitro cytotoxic studies of several organotin complexes of drugs
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This study encompasses the synthesis and characterization of organotin(IV) derivatives of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBF), viz. [(Me3Sn)(IBF)] (1), [(Bu3Sn)(IBF)] (2), [Ph3Sn(IBF)] (3), {[Me2Sn(IBF)]2O}2 (4) and [Bu2Sn(IBF)2] (5). The crystal structure of complex 3, [Ph3Sn(IBF)], indicates a highly distorted tetrahedral (td) geometry with anisobidentate mode of coordination of the carboxylate group with tin atom, and a similar structure has been proposed for other two triorganotin(IV) derivatives. Moreover, the DFT (density functional theory) calculation and other studies have verified a dimer distannoxane type of structure for complex 4, {[Me2Sn(IBF)]2O}2. Complex 5 has been found to exhibit a highly distorted octahedral geometry around the tin atom. To investigate the DNA binding profile of the synthesized complexes, viscosity measurement, UV–vis and fluorescence titrations were performed, which revealed an intercalative type of binding with DNA for IBF and complex 5 and external binding in case of the complexes 1 and 2; complexes 3 and 4 could not be studied owing to their insufficient solubility in tris buffer. Plasmid DNA fragmentation studies of IBF and complexes 1, 2 and 5 indicate that they cleaved the pBR322 plasmid potentially. Further, the drugs IBF {2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid}, MESNA (sodium 2-mercaptoethane-sulfonate), warfarin [2H-1-benzopyran-2-one,4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)], sulindac (2-{5-fluoro-1-[(4-methanesulfinylphenyl) methylidene]-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl}acetic acid) and their corresponding organotin(IV) complexes 1–19 (complexes 6–19 were synthesized/reported previously) were screened in vitro for cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines viz. DU145 (prostate cancer), HCT-15 (colon adenocarcinoma), Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (mammary cancer), LNCaP (androgen-sensitive prostate adenocarcinoma) and HeLa (cervical cancer), through MTT reduction assay and the cause of cell death was investigated through acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining of cells and DNA fragmentation assay. The probable structure–cytotoxicity relationship is also discussed. The major role of apoptosis along with small necrosis was also validated by flow cytometry assay using annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide analysis.
- Kumari, Ranjana,Banerjee, Somesh,Roy, Partha,Nath, Mala
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- ARYL ALKYL CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS, PROCESS FOR PREPARATION AND DOSAGE FORMS
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The invention particularly discloses a process for preparing aryl alkyl carboxylic acid salts by preparing aqueous alkali solution, adding aryl alkyl carboxylic acid to said alkali solution at a temperature ranging from 4° to 121° C for obtaining a clear solution, preferably by heating and/or stirring and concentrating and cooling to obtain aryl alkyl carboxylic acid salt The invention therefore discloses solid oral dosage forms and compositions of aryl alkyl carboxylic acid salts which are free of organic solvent/so. The solid oral dose compositions of aryl alkyl carboxylic acid salts of the invention arc prepared in situ from aryl alkyl carboxylic acids and bases to obtain aryl acid alkyl carboxylic acid sails in crystalline/powder form with or without the use of pharmaceutical excipients.
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(2011/02/24)
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- ARYL ALKYL CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS, PROCESS FOR PREPARATION AND DOSAGE FORMS
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The invention particularly discloses a process for preparing aryl alkyl carboxylic acid salts by preparing aqueous alkali solution, adding aryl alkyl carboxylic acid to said alkali solution at a temperature ranging from 4° to 121° C. for obtaining a clear solution, preferably by heating and/or stirring and concentrating and cooling to obtain aryl alkyl carboxylic acid salt The invention therefore discloses solid oral dosage forms and compositions of aryl alkyl carboxylic acid salts which are free of organic solvent/so. The solid oral dose compositions of aryl alkyl carboxylic acid salts of the invention are prepared in situ from aryl alkyl carboxylic acids and bases to obtain aryl acid alkyl carboxylic acid sails in crystalline/powder form with or without the use of pharmaceutical excipients.
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(2011/06/26)
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- Process for the Preparation of Sodium Salt of Ibuprofen of Different Particle Sizes
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A free-flowing hydrated sodium salt of ibuprofen of controlled median particle size and water content is provided. It can be produced by adding aqueous NaOH to a non-boiling solution or slurry of ibuprofen in an organic solvent that can be distilled along with water at a temperature in the range of 50 to 120° C. The rate of NaOH addition is at a rate that does not cause the resultant reaction mixture to boil before the addition has been completed. After completing the addition, the water is removed with some of the organic solvent by distillation. After cooling, the hydrated sodium salt of ibuprofen is recovered from the resultant slurry. The process enables the median particle size of the sodium salt of ibuprofen formed to be controlled by selection and use of a predetermined effective concentration of NaOH in the aqueous NaOH solution used.
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(2009/12/24)
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- Rapidly solubilizing ibuprofen granulate
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A process for producing a rapidly solubilizing ibuprofen granulate, the process comprising providing a mixture comprising solid ibuprofen and at least 0.8 mole per mole ibuprofen of one or more basic compounds, which basic compounds comprise from 0.5 to 1.2 mole per mole ibuprofen, but not more, of a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium glycinate, potassium glycinate, tribasic sodium and potassium phosphates and mixtures of said bases, and reacting the ibuprofen and said one or more basic compounds in the presence of not more free water than the quantity exceeding the amount of water required for forming solid hydrates in said granulate by more than 1 mole per mole of ibuprofen. The obtainable granulate and the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms that may be produced therefrom are distinguished by their high solubility and rapid disintegration and dissolution in aqueous media, by their good flow properties and compressibility, by rapidly achieving onset of analgesic effect, etc.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Composition of s(-) sodium ibuprofen
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The use of S(-)sodium 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionate (the sodium salt of S(+)-ibuprofen) in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of inflammation, pain and pyrexia is described. Preferred compositions comprise S(-)sodium 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionate dihydrate. Processes to prepare S(-)sodium 2-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)propionate and its use in a process to prepare S(+) 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid of high enantiomeric purity are also described.
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- Enantiomeric resolution of aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids
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A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. The process utilizes first an enantiomerically enriched mixture the of aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from kinetic resolution, diastereomeric crystallization or asymmetric synthesis processes. This enriched mixture is reacted with a base producing a salt that has the following properties: 1) has at least one eutectic point; 2) a composition that is not at the eutectic point; and 3) a eutectic composition that is closer to the racemic composition than is the eutectic composition of said aryl-substituted carboxylic acid. Substantially pure, enantiomeric salt is separated, leaving a mother liquor comprising the solvent and aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid enriched in the other enantiomer.
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- Enantiomeric resolution
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A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. The process utilizes first an enantiomerically enriched mixture the of aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from kinetic resolution, diastereomeric crystallization or asymmetric synthesis processes. This enriched mixture is reacted with a base producing a salt that has the following properties: (1) has at least one eutectic point; (2) a composition that is not at the eutectic point; and (3) a eutectic composition that is closer to the racemic composition than is the eutectic composition of said aryl-substituted carboxylic acid. Substantially pure, enantiomeric salt is separated, leaving a mother liquor comprising the solvent and aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid enriched in the other enantiomer.
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- Preparation of carboxylic acids from glycidonitriles with ionic lewis acids
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Process for preparing carboxylic acids by converting a glycidonitrile to a 2-oxopropionitrile via use of an ionic Lewis acid, and conversion of the 2-oxopropionitrile to the carboxylate salt with a base and of the salt to the carboxylic acid with acid. The process is especially useful for the preparation of 2-(p-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid, (lbuprofen), also known as Motrin, a known and highly active antiinflammatory agent as well as a host of other carboxylic acids which are known in the art as useful compounds.
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- Preparing carboxylic acids from glycidonitriles
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Process for preparing carboxylic acids by (1) reacting a glycidonitrile with a carboxylic acid halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a tertiary amine or acid salt thereof to form a 2-acyloxy-3-halo-propionitrile, (2) dehydrohalogenating the halogenated acylate from step (1) to form the acyloxy acrylonitrile intermediate (enol-acylate) (3) hydrolyzing the enol-acylate from step (2) with aqueous base to form the carboxylic acid salt, and (4) acidifying the carboxylic acid salt with acid to form the carboxylic acid. Salts of persulfate and hypochlorite ions can be added to destroy cyanide ion. The process can be used to prepare a wide variety of carboxylic acids, e.g., 2-(4'-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid, now known generally as ibuprofen, a highly active anti-inflammatory drug.
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