- Monosubstituted pillar[5]arene functionalized with (amino)phosphonate fragments are "smart" building blocks for constructing nanosized structures with some s-and p-metal cations in the organic phase
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Monosubstituted pillar[5]arenes containing a phosphonate fragment were successfully obtained in good yields. It was found that the introduction of bulky fragments containing tetra-coordinated pentavalent phosphorus atoms prevents self-Assembly of monosubstituted pillar[5]arenes and the formation of supramolecular polymers. Pillar[5]arenes with phosphonate and 1-Aminophosphonate substituents demonstrated recognition towards Na+, K+, Cs+ and Pb2+. Their ability to form complexes with these cations was evaluated by UV spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the formation of aggregates with K+, Cs+ and Pb2+. It was established that the substituent at the α-carbon atom of the aminophosphonate fragment played a significant role in Pb2+ binding. DLS and transmission electron microscopy revealed that Pb2+-induced aggregation formed particles with a monodisperse distribution of 0.02-0.23 and a hydrodynamic diameter of 58-178 nm.
- Nazarova, Anastasia A.,Yakimova, Luidmila S.,Padnya, Pavel L.,Evtugyn, Vladimir G.,Osin, Yuri N.,Cragg, Peter J.,Stoikov, Ivan I.
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Read Online
- Development and optimization of halogenated vinyl sulfones as Nrf2 activators for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
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The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the cellular defense system against oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We previously developed Nrf2 activators that potentially protect the death of dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal cells against oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we designed and synthesized a class of halogenated vinyl sulfones by inserting halogens and pyridine to maximize Nrf2 activation efficacy. Among the synthesized compounds, (E)-3-chloro-2-(2-((2-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)pyridine (9d) significantly exhibited potent Nrf2 activating efficacy (9d: EC50 = 26 nM) at least 10-fold compared with the previous developed compounds (1 and 2). Furthermore, treating with 9d remarkably increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and Nrf2 protein levels in microglial BV-2 cells. 9d was shown to induce the expression of antioxidant response genes HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, and SOD-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels and suppress proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Also, 9d remarkably protected DAergic neurons and restored the PD-associated motor dysfunction in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model.
- Choi, Ji Won,Kim, Siwon,Yoo, Jong Seok,Kim, Hyeon Jeong,Kim, Hyeon Ji,Kim, Byung Eun,Lee, Elijah Hwejin,Lee, Yong Sup,Park, Jong-Hyun,Park, Ki Duk
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supporting information
(2021/01/06)
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- NOVEL HALO-(3-(PHENYLSULFONYL)PROP-1-ENYL)PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE AND USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a novel halo-(3-(phenylsulfonyl)prop-1-enyl)pyridine derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a preparation method thereof; and an Nrf2 activator and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diseases induced by a decrease in Nrf2 activity, both of which comprise the same as an active ingredient.
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Paragraph 0060-0061
(2021/06/25)
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- Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral 1,3-Disubstituted Allylsilanes via Copper(I)-Catalyzed 1,4-Conjugate Silylation of α,β-Unsaturated Sulfones and Subsequent Julia-Kocienski Olefination
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A general synthesis of chiral 1,3-disubstituted allylsilanes is established through copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-conjugate silylation of α,β-unsaturated sulfones and subsequent Julia-Kocienski olefination. By modification of McQuade's NHC ligand, the catalytic asymmetric conjugate silylation with a broad substrate scope is achieved in high enantioselectivity. The following Julia-Kocienski olefination proceeds smoothly at room temperature to deliver an array of chiral allylsilanes in moderate yields. More interestingly, a one-pot asymmetric synthesis with high synthetic efficiency is successfully realized. Utility of the prepared chiral 1,3-disubsituted allylsilanes is demonstrated in the asymmetric allylation of both aldehyde and aldimine. Finally, an interesting “match and mismatch” phenomenon is observed in the asymmetric allylation of chiral aldehydes.
- Jia, Xue-Shun,Wang, Xian-Liang,Xiao, Jun-Zhao,Yin, Liang,Yin, Xing-Hao
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p. 1916 - 1922
(2021/06/07)
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- Preparation method of diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylphosphonate
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The invention relates to a preparation method of diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylphosphonate. The method comprises the following steps of under the protection of nitrogen, adding diethyl phosphite into a reaction container, then sequentially adding carbonate and tetrabutylammonium bromide, and dropwise adding a formaldehyde aqueous solution while stirring, continuously adding the carbonate and the formaldehyde aqueous solution in batches, after the reaction endpoint is reached, adding methylbenzene, adding paratoluensulfonyl chloride while stirring, and reacting, dropwise adding an alkali solution, after dropwise adding, keeping the temperature until the reaction end point, and standing, separating liquid, placing an upper-layer organic phase for later use, and extracting a lower-layer water phase with methylbenzene, and combining the two organic phases, adding a sodium chloride aqueous solution for washing, and concentrating an organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain a liquid product. Energy consumption does not need to be additionally increased in the reaction, so that frozen saline water required for cooling in the traditional process is abandoned, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced; compared with the traditional process with the step of about 85% of the yield, the yield is improved by 10-15%, the economic value of the product is greatly improved, and environmental protection is facilitated.
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Paragraph 0092-0094; 0097-0106; 0110-0115; 0119-0125
(2021/07/17)
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- Isomerisation of Vinyl Sulfones for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinyl Azides
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Reported is the construction, and facile base-mediated conversation of ten differently substituted 3-azido E-vinyl sulfones (γ-azido-α,β-unsaturated sulfones) into their isomeric vinyl azide counterparts. The requisite 3-azido E-vinyl sulfones were prepared from 3-bromo E-vinyl sulfones, which in turn were accessed from allyl sulfones via a bromination-elimination sequence. In relation to this a one-pot azidation-isomerisation sequence was developed which enabled the direct formation of the vinyl azides from the corresponding 3-bromo E-vinyl sulfones. Similarly, a convenient one-pot Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination-isomerisation approach was utilised in order to prepare some of the allylic sulfones used in this study. The vinyl azide forming process typically proceeded with high levels of Z-selectivity, although this was dependent on the vinyl sulfone substitution pattern. Thus, with either no substituent or a methyl group in the γ- or β-position, relative to the sulfone, good, to high levels of Z-selectivity (Z/E = 85:15 to ≥ 95:5) were obtained. However, incorporation of an α-sulfonyl methyl substituent led to an E-selective process (Z/E = 20:80). A non-bonding interaction between the azido group and the α-sulfonyl vinylic proton is proposed, which acts as a conformational control mechanism to help guide the stereochemical outcome.
- Collins, Niall,Connon, Robert,Evans, Paul,Sánchez-Sanz, Goar
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supporting information
p. 6228 - 6235
(2020/10/02)
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- MONOMER AND MULTIMERIC ANTI-HBV AGENTS
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The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods for preventing, treating or curing hepatitis B (HBV) infection in human subjects or other animal hosts. The compounds are as also pharmaceutically acceptable, salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof as pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment, prevention or eradication of HBV infection.
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Page/Page column 143; 184
(2020/05/15)
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- Optimization of Vinyl Sulfone Derivatives as Potent Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activators for Parkinson's Disease Therapy
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We previously developed a novel series of vinyl sulfones as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators with therapeutic potential for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the previously developed lead compound (1) exhibited undesirable druglike properties. Here, we optimized vinyl sulfones by introducing nitrogen heterocycles to improve druglike properties. Among the synthesized compounds, 17e was the most promising drug candidate with good druglike properties. Compound 17e showed superior effects on Nrf2 activation in cell-based assays compared to compound 1 (17e: half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 346 nM; 1: EC50 = 530 nM). Compound 17e was further confirmed to induce expression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes at both mRNA and protein levels. In a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of PD, 17e significantly attenuated loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive dopaminergic neurons, suppressed microglial activation, and alleviated PD-associated motor dysfunction. Thus, 17e is a novel Nrf2 activator with excellent druglike properties and represents a potential therapeutic candidate for PD.
- Choi, Ji Won,Kim, Siwon,Park, Jong-Hyun,Kim, Hyeon Jeong,Shin, Su Jeong,Kim, Jin Woo,Woo, Seo Yeon,Lee, Changho,Han, Sang Moon,Lee, Jaeick,Pae, Ae Nim,Han, Gyoonhee,Park, Ki Duk
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supporting information
p. 811 - 830
(2019/01/08)
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- Method for recycling byproduct p-toluene magnesium sulfonate to synthesize tenofovir
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The invention relates to the technical field of medicine chemicals and in particular discloses a method for recycling a byproduct p-toluene magnesium sulfonate to synthesize tenofovir. According to the method, hydroxymethylphosphonic acid diethyl ester and paratoluensulfonyl chloride are adopted as raw materials, magnesium carbonate is adopted as an acid-binding agent, p-toluenesulfonyl oxymethyldiethyl phosphate is synthesized, tenofovir is synthesized from the p-toluenesulfonyl oxymethyl diethyl phosphate and R-9-(2-hydroxypropyl), and meanwhile, a byproduct p-toluene magnesium sulfonate isgenerated; and magnesium carbonate and sodium p-toluenesulfonate are generated through a reaction of the p-toluene magnesium sulfonate and sodium carbonate. According to the method, the byproduct p-toluene magnesium sulfonate is mainly recycled, process treatment difficulties are reduced, byproducts p-toluene magnesium sulfonate and magnesium chloride which are obtained after treatment are high in purity, export sales can be achieved, the magnesium carbonate can be applied to synthesis of the p-toluenesulfonyl oxymethyl diethyl phosphate, and the production cost can be reduced.
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Paragraph 0033; 0034
(2019/10/01)
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- Synthesis method of diethyl (tosyloxy)methylphosphonate
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The invention discloses a synthesis method of diethyl (tosyloxy)methylphosphonate. The method takes diethyl phosphite, paraformaldehyde, paratoluensulfonyl chloride, inorganic base and the like as rawmaterials, and the product is obtained by carrying out carrying out aftertreatment operations such as aqueous phase condensation, an esterification two-step reaction and layering. The method has thecharacteristics of being enough in raw materials source, low in price, high in safety of synthetic process, high in product yield, less in pollution caused by three wastes, environmentally-friendly, and the like, thus having a higher industrial value.
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Paragraph 0027-0034
(2019/01/14)
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- A synthetic paratoluene sulfonyl oxygen methyl phosphine acid ethyl ester
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing paratoluene sulfonyl oxygen methyl phosphine acid ethyl ester method, 37% formaldehyde aqueous solution and the catalyst mixing, the dropping of the diethyl phosphite, the completion of the dropping, thermal insulation reaction 2 hours, to the reaction solution, the reaction solution into the solvent, to the toluene sulfonyl chloride, low temperature instillment base, the dropwise insulation 2 hours, extraction, washing, distillation, the surplus materials is high-purity paratoluene sulfonyl oxygen methyl phosphine acid diethyl ester. The method of the invention solve the existing craft in the low purity, yield is not high, the process is complicated, trouble in processing after, environmental pressure, is not suitable for industrial and the like.
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Paragraph 0033; 0035; 0047; 0049; 0050; 0052; 0053; 0055
(2019/01/08)
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- Preparation method of adefovir dipivoxil crystals
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The invention belongs to the technical field of drug preparation and in particular relates to a preparation method of adefovir dipivoxil crystals. The preparation method comprises the following steps: synthesizing diethyl phosphite; synthesizing diethyl (p-phenylsulfonyloxy)methylphosphonate; synthesizing 9-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenine; synthesizing 4,9-[2-(diethylphosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine; synthesizing adefovir; synthesizing adefovir dipivoxil. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the adefovir dipivoxil crystals, provided by the invention, takes acetonitrile as a water-soluble organic medium, and the difficulty that DMF (Dimethyl Formamide) is difficult to remove is overcome; ethyl acetate is used for replacing isopropyl acetate in a previous process, isopropyl ether is used for replacing ethyl ether and ethanol is used for replacing acetone; the preparation method is simple to operate; the obtained product has good purity and high yield; the industrialized production is easy to realize and the production cost is reduced.
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Paragraph 0017-0019
(2017/07/21)
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- Determination of the Absolute Configuration of (?)-Hydroxynitrilaphos and Related Biosynthetic Questions
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The ongoing search for bioactive natural products has led to the development of new genome-based screening approaches to identify possible phosphonate producing microorganisms. From the identified phosphonate producers, several until now unknown phosphonic acid natural products were isolated, including (hydroxy)nitrilaphos (4 and 5) and (hydroxy)phosphonocystoximate (7 and 6). We present the synthesis of phosphonocystoximate via an aldoxime intermediate. Chlorination and coupling with methyl N-acetylcysteinate furnished 6 after global deprotection. The obtained experimental data confirm the previously assigned structure of the natural product. We were also able to determine the absolute configuration of (?)-hydroxynitrilaphos. Chiral resolution of diethyl cyanohydroxymethylphosphonate (24) with Noe's lactol furnished both enantiomers of 4. Conversion of (+)-24 to (R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid by reduction of the cyano-group showed (?)-hydroxynitrilaphos ultimately to be S-configured. Further, we present a 13C-isotope labeling strategy for 4 and 5 that will possibly solve the question of whether hydroxynitrilaphos is a biosynthetic intermediate or a downstream product of hydroxyphosphonocystoximate biosynthesis.
- Pallitsch, Katharina,Happl, Barbara,Stieger, Christian
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p. 15655 - 15665
(2017/10/09)
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- An Efficient Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Vinylic Sulfoximines via Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction
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Herein, we report a convenient synthesis of aryl-substituted (E)-vinylic NH-sulfoximines via the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction without the use of protection-deprotection group strategies.
- Chinthakindi, Praveen K.,Nandi, Ganesh Chandra,Govender, Thavendran,Kruger, Hendrik G.,Naicker, Tricia,Arvidsson, Per I.
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supporting information
p. 1423 - 1427
(2016/05/24)
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- Diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxy methylphosphonate synthesis method
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The invention relates to the technical field of medicine, and specifically relates to a synthesis method of diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxy methylphosphonate. The method comprises the following steps: (1) diethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate is synthesized, wherein diethyl phosphite, a solvent, a catalyst and paraformaldehyde are sequentially added into a reactor; heating is carried out and a reaction is allowed; filtering is carried out after the reaction; the solvent is removed through distillation, and the remaining substance is diethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate; and (2) diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxy methylphosphonate is synthesized, wherein diethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate prepared in the step (1) is cooled; dichloromethane and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride are added; an acid binding agent is dropped in, and stirring is continuous for 1.5-2.5h after dropping; heating is carried out and a reaction is allowed; after the reaction, extraction, water washing and distillation are carried out, and the remaining substance is a crude product; and purification is carried out, such that a diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxy methylphosphonate product is obtained. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple product post treatment, high yield and high product purity. The yield can be higher than 80%. The purity can be higher than 99%.
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Paragraph 0031; 0032; 0034
(2016/11/07)
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- Wittig–Horner mediated synthesis of 4-vinyl sulfide derivatives of pyrazoles
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The synthesis of a series of 4-vinyl sulfide derivatives of 1,3-diarylpyrazoles, including their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones, is reported. Access to the target vinyl sulfides was stereoselectively achieved, in moderate to good yields, by the n-BuLi-mediated Wittig–Horner reaction of 4-formylpyrazoles with arylthiophosphonates and α-chloroarylthiophosphonates in dimethoxyethane. Their oxidation with H2O2in AcOH and mCPBA in CH2Cl2afforded satisfactory yields of the expected vinyl sulfoxides and vinyl sulfones, respectively. Enrichment in the more stable isomers during both oxidation processes was detected and a plausible general mechanistic explanation was given to these observations.
- Padilha, Gustavo,Kaufman, Teodoro S.,Silveira, Claudio C.
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p. 3349 - 3353
(2016/07/12)
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- A method for the synthesis of adenine derivative
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The invention discloses the technical field of medicines and particularly discloses a new prodrug, namely (R)-9-(2-(phosphonyl methoxyl)propenyl) adenine, a cyclodextrin inclusion compound of the prodrug and a non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the prodrug. The prodrug disclosed by the invention can be metabolized into PMPA in vivo, and has the bioavailability of about 39%, and the bioavailability of the prodrug is better than that of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Bis-(POC)-PMPA); and the prodrug has more excellent antiviral activity and better safety compared with the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
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Paragraph 0016; 0019-0020
(2017/04/03)
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- Industrialization production technology for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
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The invention relates to an industrialization production technology for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. The production technology comprises the following steps that firstly, R-1,2-polylene glycol, diethyl carbonate and sodium ethoxide are added into a reaction kettle; absolute ethyl alcohol and diethyl phosphite are added into the reaction kettle and stirred, paraformaldehyde and triethylamine are added after stirring is completed, after the complete reaction is achieved, anhydrous sodium sulfate is added, drying, filtering and steaming are carried out, and a steamed product is a diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethylphosphonate fine product; adenine, R-propylene carbonate, DMF and NaOH are added into the reaction kettle, after the complete reaction is achieved, magnesium tert-butoxide is added, p-toluenesulfonyloxy phosphonate is dropwise added, after the complete reaction is achieved, acetic acid is added, vacuum concentration is carried out, hydrochloric acid is added, filtering is carried out, solids are filtered out and dried at the normal pressure, and a PMPA fine product is obtained. The industrialization production technology has the advantages of being high in yield and product purity, low in impurity content and capable of being completely applied to industrialization production.
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Paragraph 0012-0013
(2017/04/11)
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- Synthesis and screening of novel inositol phosphonate derivatives for anticancer functions in vitro
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Phosphonates have been frequently used as suitable isosteric and isoelectronic replacements for biologically important phosphates in the development of drugs or drug candidates because of their stability toward the action of phosphatases and other enzymes. In this paper, 12 mono-phosphonate inositol compounds were prepared with phosphonate instead of phosphate by two kinds of strategies, nucleophilic substitution and Arbuzov rearrangement, respectively. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for their activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549. Two compounds (3ac and 3bb) exhibited good antitumor activity at 10 μg/mL.
- Chen, Wen-Bin,Liu, Jian-Bing,Dou, Dao-Lei,Song, Fan-Bo,Li, Lu-Yuan,Xi, Zhen
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p. 329 - 333
(2015/04/14)
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- NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGS
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide, e.g., intermediates for phosphonomethoxy nucleotide analogs, in particular, intermediates suitable for use in efficient oral delivery of such analogs. SOLUTION: Novel compounds are provided that comprise esters of antiviral phosphonomethoxy nucleotide analogs with carbonates and/or carbamates having the structure -OC(R2)2OC(O)X(R)a, The compounds are useful as intermediates for the preparation of antiviral compounds or oligonucleotides, or are useful for administration directly to patients for antiviral therapy or prophylaxis (R2 is as described in the specifications ). COPYRIGHT: (C)2015,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0166; 0167; 0174
(2018/11/22)
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- Discovery of vinyl sulfones as a novel class of neuroprotective agents toward Parkinson's disease therapy
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Although the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, recent studies suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the cascade leading to dopaminergic (DAergic) neurodegeneration. The Nrf2 signaling is the main pathway responsible for cellular defense system against oxidative stress. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates environmental stress response by inducing expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. We have synthesized novel vinyl sulfone derivatives. They exhibited a broad range of activities in inducing HO-1, whose gene expression is under the control of Nrf2. Among them, compound 12g was confirmed to activate Nrf2 and induce expression of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes NQO1, GCLC, GLCM, and HO-1, at both mRNA and protein levels in DAergic neuronal cells. This was accompanied by protection of DAergic neurons in both in vitro and MPTP-induced in vivo models of PD. In addition, compound 12g effectively resulted in attenuation of the PD-associated behavioral deficits in the mouse model.
- Woo, Seo Yeon,Kim, Ji Hyun,Moon, Mi Kyeong,Han, Se-Hee,Yeon, Seul Ki,Choi, Ji Won,Jang, Bo Ko,Song, Hyo Jung,Kang, Yong Gu,Kim, Jin Woo,Lee, Jaeick,Kim, Dong Jin,Hwang, Onyou,Park, Ki Duk
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supporting information
p. 1473 - 1487
(2014/03/21)
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- Synthesis of phosphonoglycine backbone units for the development of phosphono peptide nucleic acids
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A series of phosphono-modified backbone mimics based on achiral and chiral N-(dihydroxypropyl)glycine units were obtained by sequential addition of phosphonate and nucleobase moieties to suitably protected dihydroxypropylamines. Simple synthetic strategies enabled the preparation of various target derivatives that will be useful as building blocks for the preparation of new synthetic polymers containing a phosphonate internucleotide linkage in place of the standard phosphodiester bond. Copyright
- Doboszewski, Bogdan,Groaz, Elisabetta,Herdewijn, Piet
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p. 4804 - 4815
(2013/08/23)
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- CYCLIC COMPOUND HAVING SUBSTITUTED PHENYL GROUP
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An object of the present invention is to provide a novel low molecular weight compound exhibiting an osteogenesis-promoting action. This object is achieved by a compound having the general formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof: wherein each substituent is defined as follows: R1 represents an alkyl group or the like; R2 represents an alkyl group or the like; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; and Z represents -CH= or -N=.
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Page/Page column 33
(2012/03/08)
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- FOSTRIECIN DERIVATIVES AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL USES THEREOF
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Novel Fostriecin (or FST) derivatives represented by formula (I), the pharmaceutical compositions and preparation methods thereof. The pharmaceutical uses of these compounds, especially the use for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for treating tumor, inhibiting cell over growth, or lowering myocardial infarction and the injury to cells.
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Page/Page column 4; 6; 12
(2012/03/27)
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- Dissection of complex molecular recognition interfaces
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The synthesis of a family of zinc porphyrins and pyridine ligands equipped with peripheral H-bonding functionality has provided access to a wide range of closely related supramolecular complexes featuring between zero and four intramolecular H-bonds. An automated UV/vis titration system was used to characterize 120 different complexes, and these data were used to construct a large of number of different chemical double mutant cycles to quantify the intramolecular H-bonding interactions. The results probe the quantitative structure-activity relationship that governs cooperativity in the assembly of complex molecular recognition interfaces. Specifically, variations in the chemical structures of the complexes have allowed us to change the supramolecular architecture, conformational flexibility, geometric complementarity, the number and nature of the H-bond interactions, and the overall stability of the complex. The free energy contributions from individual H-bonds are additive, and there is remarkably little variation with architecture in the effective molarity for the formation of intramolecular interactions. Intramolecular H-bonds are not observed in complexes where they are geometrically impossible, but there are no cases where excellent geometric complementarity leads to very high affinities. Similarly, changes in conformational flexibility seem to have limited impact on the values of effective molarity (EM). The major variation that was found for all of the 48 intramolecular interactions that were examined using double mutant cycles is that the values of EM for intramolecular carboxylate ester-phenol H-bonds (200 mM) are an order of magnitude larger than those found for phosphonate diester-phenol H-bonds (30 mM). The corresponding intermolecular phosphonate diester-phenol H-bonds are 2 orders of magnitude more stable than carboxylate ester-phenol H-bonds, and the large differences in EM may be due to some kind of compensation effect, where the stronger H-bond is harder to make, because it imposes tighter constraints on the geometry of the complex.
- Hunter, Christopher A.,Misuraca, Maria Cristina,Turega, Simon M.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 582 - 594
(2011/04/16)
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- Nucleotide Analogue Prodrug and the Preparation Thereof
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(R)-9-[2-bis[pivaloyloxymeihoxy]phosphinoylmethoxypropyl]adenine (being abbreviated bis-POMPMPA, TD), the derivative and the use thereof. Also including the synthetic process of TD and the procedure for manufacturing solid TD, as well as the composition containing TD and the procedure for manufacturing the composition.
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Page/Page column 13-14
(2010/09/05)
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- Novel Phosphinic Acid-Containing Thyromimetics
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The present invention relates to compounds of phosphonic acid-containing T3 mimetics and monoesters thereof, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and co-crystals of the prodrugs, as well as their preparation and uses for preventing and/or treating metabolic diseases such as obesity, NASH, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, as well as associated conditions such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome x and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 109
(2009/02/11)
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- Thermolyses of α-phosphorylmethyl tetrazolyl sulfoxides in the presence of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and their reactions with several amines
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We have synthesized α-(phosphoryl)methyl tetrazolyl sulfoxides and examined the reactivities in the thermolyses and in the presence of several amines, such as aniline, benzylamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and morpholine. Thermolyses of the derivatives in the presence of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene afforded 2-phosphoryl substituted 4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran S-oxide. In addition, novel phosphinecarbothioamides were obtained in the reaction of the derivatives with amines.
- Morita, Hiroyuki,Tashiro, Shintaro,Takeda, Masahiro,Fujimori, Ken,Yamada, Nobuhiko,Chanmiya Sheikh,Kawaguchi, Hiroyuki
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p. 3589 - 3595
(2008/09/20)
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- NOVEL NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGUES AS PERCURSOR MOLECULES FOR ANTIVIRALS
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This invention relates to a purine or pyrimidine phosphonate compound of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein B, X, and R1-R3 are as defined in classes and subclasses herein. These compounds may be used as antiviral precursors. The invention also relates to therapeutic compositions of these compounds and their use for the preparation of a medication for treating and/or preventing a viral infection in a patient. The invention also provides methods for making these compounds. In particular, the invention provides an H- phosphinate precursor intermediate of formula (II) wherein B is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein and R1 is selected from the group comprising a hydrogen atom, and a methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl and C1-6haloalkyl group.
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Page/Page column 71-72
(2008/12/05)
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- Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of cyclic and acyclic 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone nucleoside derivatives
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A series of cyclic and acyclic nucleoside analogues derived from 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone were synthesized using the Vorbrüggen reaction. Iron chelation studies, and antiviral evaluation against a broad panel of viruses, were performed. The pKa value of ligand 25 and the stability constant of the corresponding iron-(III) complex were compared to those of deferiprone. The pFe3+ values were found to be similar. Some compounds showed moderate activity against both wild-type HSV-1 and HSV-2, as well as against a thymidine kinase deficient strain of HSV-1. These results suggest a novel mode of action for this group of nucleoside analogues.
- Barral, Karine,Balzarini, Jan,Neyts, Johan,De Clercq, Erik,Hider, Robert C.,Camplo, Michel
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- Synthesis, in vitro antiviral evaluation, and stability studies of novel α-borano-nucleotide analogues of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine and (R)-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine
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We describe here the synthesis of 9-[2-(Boranophosphonomethoxy)ethyl] adenine (6a) and (R)-9-[2-(Boranophosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (6b), the first α-boranophosphonate nucleosides in which a borane (BH3) group substitutes one nonbridging oxygen atom of the α-phosphonate moiety. H-phosphinates 5a and 5b and α-boranophosphonates 6a and 6b were evaluated for their in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected cells and against a panel of DNA or RNA viruses. Compounds 5a, 5b, 6a, and 6b exhibited no significant antiviral activity in vitro and cytotoxicity. To measure the chemical and enzymatic stabilities of the target compounds 6a and 6b, kinetic data of decomposition for derivatives 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, and standard compounds were studied at 37 °C in several media. The α- Boranophosphonates 6a and 6b were metabolized in culture medium into H-phosphinates 5a and 5b, with half-live values of 5.3 h for 6a and 1.3 h for 6b.
- Barral, Karine,Priet, Stéphane,Sire, Joséphine,Neyts, Johan,Balzarini, Jan,Canard, Bruno,Alvarez, Karine
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p. 7799 - 7806
(2008/02/02)
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- CIDOFOVIR PEPTIDE CONJUGATES AS PRODRUGS
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Cidofovir-based compounds having an amino acid, dipeptide or tripeptide attached to a cidofovir or cyclic cidofovir framework. The compounds show enhanced oral bioavailability and increased binding to the PepT1 transporter. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for treating virus infections, and a method of preparing cidofovir.
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Page/Page column 11; figure 3
(2008/06/13)
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- NOVEL PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING THYROMIMETICS
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The present invention relates to compounds of phosphonic acid containing T3 mimetics, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and co-crystals of the prodrugs, as well as their preparation and uses for preventing and/or treating metabolic diseases such as obesity, NASH, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, as well as associated conditions such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndromex and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 251
(2008/06/13)
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- Process for preparation of cyclic prodrugs of PMEA and PMPA
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The method of preparing compounds of Formula I is described: wherein: M and V are cis to one another and MPO3H2 is a phosphonic acid selected from the group consisting of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, and (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine; wherein V is phenyl, optionally substituted with 1-2 substituents selected from a group consisting of fluoro, chloro, and bromo; comprising: coupling a chiral 1-phenylpropane-1,3-diol, wherein the phenyl may be optionally substituted, with MPOCl2 or an N-6 substituted analogue thereof. Additionally, methods and salt forms are described that enable isolation and purification of the desired isomer.
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- Nucleotide analog composition and synthesis method
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The invention relates to a composition comprising a solution of 9-[2-(phosphono-methoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) at a pH of about 2.7 ― 3.5 wherein the solution has less than about 0.1 g/ml (R, S)-PMPA and wherein about 90 ― 94 % of the PMPA is in the (R) configuration.
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- A new, effective approach for the C-C bond formation utilizing 1-, 2- and 3-phosphonyl substituted radicals derived from iodoalkylphosphonates and n-Bu3SnH/Et3B/O2 system
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A new, practical synthesis of highly substituted phosphonates utilizing 1-, 2- and 3-phosphonyl substituted radicals derived from iodoalkylphosphonates and a catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of the n-Bu3SnH/Et3B/O2 reagent is described.
- Balczewski,Pietrzykowski
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p. 7291 - 7304
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Diphosphorylphosphonate Derivatives of (+)- and (-)-cis-9-(4'-hydroxycyclopent-2'-enyl)guanine
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The carbovir triphosphate analogue 10 and its enantiomer 11 have been synthesized and tested as inhibitors of HIV-reverse transcriptase; the enantiomer 11, more remotely resembling natural nucleotides in stereochemical terms, is surprisingly the more active compound.
- Merlo, Valeria,Roberts, Stanley M.,Storer, Richard,Bethell, Richard C.
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p. 1477 - 1482
(2007/10/02)
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- PREPARATION OF 5'-O-PHOSPHONYLMETHYL ANALOGUES OF NUCLEOSIDE-5'-PHOSPHATES, 5'-DIPHOSPHATES AND 5'-TRIPHOSPHATES
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Reaction of a trialkyl phosphite (VI) or sodium salt of dialkyl phosphite (V) with bromomethyl acetate afforded dialkyl acetoxymethanephosphonates VII which were alcoholyzed to dialkyl hydroxymethanephosphonates VIII.Tosylation of the compounds VIII gave dialkyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethanephosphonates IX which on reaction with 2',3'-O-isopropylideneribonucleosides (I), 2',3'-O-ethoxymethyleneribonucleosides (XI) or 3'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-2'-deoxyribonucleosides in the presence of sodium hydride, followed by acid hydrolysis, were converted into alkyl esters of 5'-O-phosphonylmethylnucleosides XII.Treatment of compounds XII with trimethylsilyl iodide led to 5'-O-phosphonylmethylnucleosides II and XIV.The ribo derivatives II were also obtained in low yields by reaction of compounds I with sodium chloromethanephosphonate in the presence of sodium hydride.Compound II reacted with morpholine in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to give morpholides XV which on treatment with phosphate afforded 5'-O-phosphorylphosphonylmethylribonucleosides XVI.Analogously, 5'-O-diphosphorylphosphonylmethylribonucleosides XVII were obtained from the derivatives XV by reaction with diphosphate.The compounds II are resistant towards E. coli alkaline phosphomonoesterase and snake venom and bull semen 5'-nucleotidase.E. coli alkaline phosphomonoesterase degrades the compounds XVI and XVII to compounds II and inorganic phosphate.
- Holy, Antonin,Rosenberg, Ivan
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p. 3447 - 3463
(2007/10/02)
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