- Design, biological evaluation and X-ray crystallography of nanomolar multifunctional ligands targeting simultaneously acetylcholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase-3
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Both cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and kinases, such as GSK-3α/β, are associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Two scaffolds, targeting AChE (tacrine) and GSK-3α/β (valmerin) simultaneously, were assembled, using copper(I)-catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), to generate a new series of multifunctional ligands. A series of eight multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) was synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in cell cultures. Molecular docking studies, together with the crystal structures of three MTDL/TcAChE complexes, with three tacrine-valmerin hybrids allowed designing an appropriate linker containing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety whose incorporation preserved, and even increased, the original inhibitory potencies of the two selected pharmacophores toward the two targets. Most of the new derivatives exhibited nanomolar affinity for both targets, and the most potent compound of the series displayed inhibitory potencies of 9.5 nM for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and 7 nM for GSK-3α/β. These novel dual MTDLs may serve as suitable leads for further development, since, in the micromolar range, they exhibited low cytotoxicity on a panel of representative human cell lines including the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Moreover, these tacrine-valmerin hybrids displayed a good ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without interacting with efflux pumps such as P-gp.
- Oukoloff, Killian,Coquelle, Nicolas,Bartolini, Manuela,Naldi, Marina,Le Guevel, Rémy,Bach, Stéphane,Josselin, Béatrice,Ruchaud, Sandrine,Catto, Marco,Pisani, Leonardo,Denora, Nunzio,Iacobazzi, Rosa Maria,Silman, Israel,Sussman, Joel L.,Buron, Frédéric,Colletier, Jacques-Philippe,Jean, Ludovic,Routier, Sylvain,Renard, Pierre-Yves
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- NOVEL COMPOUND HAVING 4-PYRIDYLALKYLTHIO GROUP AS SUBSTITUENT
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A subject of the present invention is to provide a novel aromatic five- or six-memberd heterocyclic derivative having 4-pyridylalkylthio as a substituent or a salt thereof which is useful as a pharmaceutical. Compound represented by the following general formula [I] or salts thereof are useful as therapeutic agents for diseases in which angiogenesis or augmentation of vascular permeability is involved. In the formula, ring "A" is a benzene ring or an aromatic five- or six-memberd heterocycle which can be fused with a cycloalkane ring, "B" is alkylene, R1 and R2, the same or different, are H, OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy and the like, X and Y, the same or different, are group(s) selected from H, halogen, OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy and the like respectively, p is 0, 1 or 2, and q is 0 or 1.
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- 1-(Aromatic- or heteroaromatic-substituted)-3-(heteroaromatic substituted)-1,3-propanediones and uses thereof
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Certain 1-(aromatic- or heteroaromatic-substituted-3-(heteroaromatic substituted)-1,3-propanediones are described as inhibitors of HIV integrase and inhibitors of HIV replication. These compounds are useful in the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV and the treatment of AIDS, either as compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines. Methods of treating AIDS and methods of preventing or treating infection by HIV are also described.
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