- Chaotropic-anion-induced supramolecular self-assembly of ionic polymeric micelles
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Traditional micelle self-assembly is driven by the association of hydrophobic segments of amphiphilic molecules forming distinctive core-shell nanostructures in water. Here we report a surprising chaotropic-anion-induced micellization of cationic ammonium-containing block copolymers. The resulting micelle nanoparticle consists of a large number of ion pairs (≈60 000) in each hydrophobic core. Unlike chaotropic anions (e.g. ClO4 -), kosmotropic anions (e.g. SO42-) were not able to induce micelle formation. A positive cooperativity was observed during micellization, for which only a three-fold increase in ClO4 - concentration was necessary for micelle formation, similar to our previously reported ultra-pH-responsive behavior. This unique ion-pair-containing micelle provides a useful model system to study the complex interplay of noncovalent interactions (e.g. electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic forces) during micelle self-assembly.
- Li, Yang,Wang, Yiguang,Huang, Gang,Ma, Xinpeng,Zhou, Kejin,Gao, Jinming
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- Bioisosteric replacement in the design and synthesis of ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
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A series of ethers containing pyrrolidine and/or pyridine bioisosteres was synthesized and evaluated as nicotinic ligands. The dimethylaminoethoxypyridines 6 and 7 inhibited the specific binding of (-)-[3H]Nicotine with Ki values of 300 nM and 450 nM, respectively. Compounds 8 and 9 were found to have Ki values of 3390 nM and 360 nM. These results suggest that dialkylamino and appropriately substituted benzene rings (NO2, 8; OH, 9) are bioisosteric replacements for pyrrolidine and pyridine, respectively. Birkhaeuser Boston 2006.
- Sun, Weilin,Blanton, Michael P.,Gabriel, Jerome L.,Canney, Daniel J.
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Read Online
- Discovery and Structural Optimization of Acridones as Broad-Spectrum Antimalarials
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Malaria remains one of the deadliest diseases in the world today. Novel chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic antimalarials are needed to support the renewed eradication agenda. We have discovered a novel antimalarial acridone chemotype with dual-stage activity against both liver-stage and blood-stage malaria. Several lead compounds generated from structural optimization of a large library of novel acridones exhibit efficacy in the following systems: (1) picomolar inhibition of in vitro Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage growth against multidrug-resistant parasites; (2) curative efficacy after oral administration in an erythrocytic Plasmodium yoelii murine malaria model; (3) prevention of in vitro Plasmodium berghei sporozoite-induced development in human hepatocytes; and (4) protection of in vivo P. berghei sporozoite-induced infection in mice. This study offers the first account of liver-stage antimalarial activity in an acridone chemotype. Details of the design, chemistry, structure-activity relationships, safety, metabolic/pharmacokinetic studies, and mechanistic investigation are presented herein.
- Dodean, Rozalia A.,Kancharla, Papireddy,Li, Yuexin,Melendez, Victor,Read, Lisa,Bane, Charles E.,Vesely, Brian,Kreishman-Deitrick, Mara,Black, Chad,Li, Qigui,Sciotti, Richard J.,Olmeda, Raul,Luong, Thu-Lan,Gaona, Heather,Potter, Brittney,Sousa, Jason,Marcsisin, Sean,Caridha, Diana,Xie, Lisa,Vuong, Chau,Zeng, Qiang,Zhang, Jing,Zhang, Ping,Lin, Hsiuling,Butler, Kirk,Roncal, Norma,Gaynor-Ohnstad, Lacy,Leed, Susan E.,Nolan, Christina,Huezo, Stephanie J.,Rasmussen, Stephanie A.,Stephens, Melissa T.,Tan, John C.,Cooper, Roland A.,Smilkstein, Martin J.,Pou, Sovitj,Winter, Rolf W.,Riscoe, Michael K.,Kelly, Jane X.
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p. 3475 - 3502
(2019/03/29)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING CIS- AND TRANS-ENRICHED MDACH
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A process for preparing trans-enriched MDACH, including: distilling an MDACH starting mixture in the presence of an auxiliary, which is an organic compound having a molar mass of 62 to 500 g/mol, a boiling point at least 5° C. above the boiling point of cis,cis-2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, and 2 to 4 functional groups, each of which is independently an alcohol group or a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group. The MDACH starting mixture includes 0 to 100% by weight of 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100% by weight of 2,6-MDACH, based on the total amount of MDACH present in the MDACH starting mixture. The MDACH starting mixture includes both trans and cis isomers. Trans-enriched MDACH includes 0 to 100% by weight of 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100% by weight of 2,6-MDACH, where the proportion of trans isomers in the mixture is higher than the proportion of trans isomers in the MDACH starting mixture.
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- LIBRARY OF PH RESPONSIVE POLYMERS AND NANOPROBES THEREOF
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The present disclosure relates to polymers which contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic segment which is sensitive to pH. In some aspects, the polymers form a micelle which is sensitive to pH and results in a change in fluorescence based upon the particular pH. In some aspects, the disclosure also provides methods of using the polymers for the imaging of cellular or extracellular environment or delivering a drug.
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Page/Page column 59; 60
(2016/01/16)
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- Deconstructing 14-phenylpropyloxymetopon: Minimal requirements for binding to mu opioid receptors
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A series of phenylpropyloxyethylamines and cinnamyloxyethylamines were synthesized as deconstructed analogs of 14-phenylpropyloxymetopon and analyzed for opioid receptor binding affinity. Using the Conformationally Sampled Pharmacophore modeling approach, we discovered a series of compounds lacking a tyrosine mimetic, historically considered essential for μ opioid binding. Based on the binding studies, we have identified the optimal analogs to be N-methyl-N-phenylpropyl-2-(3-phenylpropoxy)ethanamine, with 1520 nM, and 2-(cinnamyloxy)-N-methyl-N-phenethylethanamine with 1680 nM affinity for the μ opioid receptor. These partial opioid structure analogs will serve as the novel lead compounds for future optimization studies.
- Stavitskaya, Lidiya,Shim, Jihyun,Healy, Jason R.,Matsumoto, Rae R.,MacKerell Jr., Alexander D.,Coop, Andrew
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experimental part
p. 4556 - 4563
(2012/09/07)
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- Electrooxidative cyclization of hydroquinolyl alcohols, hydroquinolylamines, and dimethyl aminomalonates
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Several hydroquinolyl alcohols and amines were electrochemically oxidized in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide and potassium iodide to afford the corresponding intramolecular cyclization products. Furthermore, several amino malonates were electrochemically oxidized to yield the corresponding heterocyclic compounds through an intramolecular carbon-carbon bond formation in the presence of sodium cyanide in methanol. CSIRO 2007.
- Okimoto, Mitsuhiro,Yoshida, Takashi,Hoshi, Masayuki,Hattori, Kazuyuki,Komata, Masashi,Numata, Kaori,Tomozawa, Kenta
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p. 236 - 242
(2008/02/11)
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- Omega-quaternary ammonium alkyl esters and thioesters of acidic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
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Quaternary ammonium alkyl esters and thioesters of acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are disclosed. These esters and thioesters display the anti--inflammatory profile of the parent NSAIDs with greatly reduced gastrointestinal irritancy, providing a more favorable separation of therapeutic activity and toxicological side effects than the parent NSAIDs.
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