- 5-Benzylidene, 5-benzyl, and 3-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones as potential inhibitors of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: Effects on mitochondrial functions and survival in Drosophila melanogaster
-
A series of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) were synthesized and screened for their effect on the mitochondrial respiration as well as on several mitochondrial respiratory system components of Drosophila melanogaster. Substituted and non-substituted 5-benzylidene and 5-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones were investigated. The effect of a substitution in position 3, at the nitrogen atom, of the thiozolidine heterocycle was also investigated. The designed TZDs were compared to UK5099, the most potent mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitor, in in vitro and in vivo tests. Compared to 5-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-diones 6–7 and 3-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione 8, 5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-diones 2–5 showed more inhibitory capacity on mitochondrial respiration. 5-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (3) and 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (5) were among the best compounds that compared well with UK5099. Additionally, TZDs 3 and 5, showed no effects on the non-coupled respiration and weak effects on pathways using substrates such as proline, succinate, and G3P. 5-Benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione 3 showed a positive effect on survival and lifespan when added to Drosophila standard and high fat diet. Interestingly, analog 3 completely reversed the effects of high fat diet on Drosophila longevity and induced metabolic changes which suggests an in vivo inhibition of MPC at the mitochondrial level.
- Touaibia, Mohamed,St-Coeur, Patrick-Denis,Duff, Patrick,Faye, Diene Codou,Pichaud, Nicolas
-
-
- Structure Property Relationships of Carboxylic Acid Isosteres
-
The replacement of a carboxylic acid with a surrogate structure, or (bio)-isostere, is a classical strategy in medicinal chemistry. The general underlying principle is that by maintaining the features of the carboxylic acid critical for biological activity, but appropriately modifying the physicochemical properties, improved analogs may result. In this context, a systematic assessment of the physicochemical properties of carboxylic acid isosteres would be desirable to enable more informed decisions of potential replacements to be used for analog design. Herein we report the structure-property relationships (SPR) of 35 phenylpropionic acid derivatives, in which the carboxylic acid moiety is replaced with a series of known isosteres. The data set generated provides an assessment of the relative impact on the physicochemical properties that these replacements may have compared to the carboxylic acid analog. As such, this study presents a framework for how to rationally apply isosteric replacements of the carboxylic acid functional group.
- Lassalas, Pierrik,Gay, Bryant,Lasfargeas, Caroline,James, Michael J.,Tran, Van,Vijayendran, Krishna G.,Brunden, Kurt R.,Kozlowski, Marisa C.,Thomas, Craig J.,Smith, Amos B.,Huryn, Donna M.,Ballatore, Carlo
-
p. 3183 - 3203
(2016/05/19)
-
- Systematic Evaluation of the Metabolism and Toxicity of Thiazolidinone and Imidazolidinone Heterocycles
-
The thiazolidine and imidazolidine heterocyclic scaffolds, i.e., the rhodanines, 2,4-thiazolidinediones, 2-thiohydantoins, and hydantoins have been the subject of debate on their suitability as starting points in drug discovery. This attention arose from the wide variety of biological activities exhibited by these scaffolds and their frequent occurrence as hits in screening campaigns. Studies have been conducted to evaluate their value in drug discovery in terms of their biological activity, chemical reactivity, aggregation-based promiscuity, and electronic properties. However, the metabolic profiles and toxicities have not been systematically assessed. In this study, a series of five-membered multiheterocyclic (FMMH) compounds were selected for a systematic evaluation of their metabolic profiles and toxicities on TAMH cells, a metabolically competent rodent liver cell line and HepG2 cells, a model of human hepatocytes. Our studies showed that generally the rhodanines are the most toxic, followed by the thiazolidinediones, thiohydantoins, and hydantoins. However, not all compounds within the family of heterocycles were toxic. In terms of metabolic stability, 5-substituted rhodanines and 5-benzylidene thiohydantoins were found to have short half-lives in the presence of human liver microsomes (t1/2 30 min) suggesting that the presence of the endocyclic sulfur and thiocarbonyl group or a combination of C5 benzylidene substituent and thiocarbonyl group in these heterocycles could be recognition motifs for P450 metabolism. However, the stability of these compounds could be improved by installing hydrophilic functional groups. Therefore, the toxicities and metabolic profiles of FMMH derivatives will ultimately depend on the overall chemical entity, and a blanket statement on the effect of the FMMH scaffold on toxicity or metabolic stability cannot and should not be made.
- Tang, Shi Qing,Lee, Yong Yang Irvin,Packiaraj, David Sheela,Ho, Han Kiat,Chai, Christina Li Lin
-
p. 2019 - 2033
(2015/11/02)
-
- Privileged scaffolds or promiscuous binders: A comparative study on rhodanines and related heterocycles in medicinal chemistry
-
Rhodanines and related five-membered heterocycles with multiple heteroatoms have recently gained a reputation of being unselective compounds that appear as "frequent hitters" in screening campaigns and therefore have little value in drug discovery. However, this judgment appears to be based mostly on anecdotal evidence. Having identified various rhodanines and related compounds in screening campaigns, we decided to perform a systematic study on their promiscuity. An amount of 163 rhodanines, hydantoins, thiohydantoins, and thiazolidinediones were synthesized and tested against several targets. The compounds were also characterized with respect to aggregation and electrophilic reactivity, and the binding modes of rhodanines and related compounds in published X-ray cocrystal structures were analyzed. The results indicate that the exocyclic, double bonded sulfur atom in rhodanines and thiohydantoins, in addition to other structural features, offers a particularly high density of interaction sites for polar interactions and hydrogen bonds. This causes a promiscuous behavior at concentrations in the "screening range" but should not be regarded as a general knockout criterion that excludes such screening hits from further development. It is suggested that special criteria for target affinity and selectivity are applied to these classes of compounds and that their exceptional and potentially valuable biomolecular binding properties are consequently exploited in a useful way.
- Mendgen, Thomas,Steuer, Christian,Klein, Christian D.
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 743 - 753
(2012/03/11)
-
- Structure-activity requirements for the antiproliferative effect of troglitazone derivatives mediated by depletion of intracellular calcium
-
Depletion of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum has shown to affect protein synthesis and cell proliferation. The anticancer effect of troglitazone was reported to be mediated by depletion of intracellular calcium stores resulting in inhibition of translation initiation. The unsaturated form of troglitazone displays similar anticancer properties in vitro. In this letter, we report our findings on the minimum structural requirements for both compounds to retain their calcium release and antiproliferative activities.
- Fan, Yun-Hua,Chen, Han,Natarajan, Amarnath,Guo, Yuhong,Harbinski, Fred,Iyasere, Julia,Christ, William,Aktas, Huseyin,Halperin, Jose A.
-
p. 2547 - 2550
(2007/10/03)
-
- Regiospecific reduction of 5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones and 4- oxo-2-thiazolidinethiones using lithium borohydride in pyridine and tetrahydrofuran
-
The novel regiospecific and general reduction of 5-benzylidene-2,4- thiazolidinediones and 5-benzylidene-4-oxo-2-thiazolidinethiones to the corresponding 5-benzyl derivatives has been accomplished using lithium borohydride in pyridine and tetrahydrofuran. Sodium borohydride and lithium chloride can also be used under these conditions, which represents a cheaper alternative to lithium borohydride. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Giles, Robert G.,Lewis, Norman J.,Quick, John K.,Sasse, Michael J.,Urquhart, Michael W. J.,Youssef, Latifa
-
p. 4531 - 4537
(2007/10/03)
-
- Thiazolidinedione derivatives as hypoglycemic agents
-
Hypoglycemic thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula STR1 wherein the dotted line represents a bond or no bond; V is --CH=CH--, --N=CH--, --CH=N--, S, O or NR; W is S, SO, SO2, SO2 NR1, NR1 SO2/s
- -
-
-
- Novel Thiazolidine-2,4-diones as Potent Euglycemic Agents
-
A new series of thiazolidine-2,4-diones was obtained by replacing the ether function of englitazone with various functional groups, i.e., a ketone, alcohol, or olefin moiety.These compounds lower blood glucose levels in the genetically obese and insulin-r
- Hulin, Bernard,Clark, David A.,Goldstein, Steven W.,McDermott, Ruth E.,Dambek, Paul J.,et al.
-
p. 1853 - 1864
(2007/10/02)
-
- Thiazolidinedione hypoglycemic agents
-
Hypoglycemic thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula STR1 wherein the dotted line represents a bond or no bond; A and B are each independently CH or N, with the proviso that when A or B is N, the other is CH; X is S, SO, SO2, CH2, CHOH or CO; n is 0 or 1; Y is CHR1 or NR2, with the proviso that when n is 1 and Y is NR2, X is SO2 or CO; Z is CHR3, CH2 CH2, CH=CH, STR2 OCH2, SCH2, SOCH2 or SO2 CH2 ; R, R1, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and X1 and X2 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, benzyl, hydroxy, methoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, bromo, chloro or fluoro; a pharmaceutically-acceptable cationic salt thereof; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salt thereof when A or B is N.
- -
-
-
- Thiazolidinedione derivatives as hypoglycemic agents
-
Hypoglycemic thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula wherein the dotted line represents a bond or no bond;, V is -CH=CH-, -N=CH-, -CH=N-, S, O or NR;, W is S, SO, SO2, SO2NR1, NR1SO2, CONR1 or NR1CO;, X is S, O,
- -
-
-