- Intriguing Indium-salen Complexes as Multicolor Luminophores
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The series of novel salen-based indium complexes (3-tBu-5-R-salen)In-Me (3-tBu-5-R-salen = N,N′-bis(2-oxy-3-tert-butyl-5-R-salicylidene)-1,2-diaminoethane, R = H (1), tBu (2), Br (3), Ph (4), OMe (5), NMe2 (6))
- Lee, Seon Hee,Shin, Nara,Kwak, Sang Woo,Hyun, Kyunglim,Woo, Won Hee,Lee, Ji Hye,Hwang, Hyonseok,Kim, Min,Lee, Junseong,Kim, Youngjo,Lee, Kang Mun,Park, Myung Hwan
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- The spectroscopy of InSe nanoparticles
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The synthesis of several different sizes of InSe nanoparticles from organometallic precursors is reported. These particles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and optical spectroscopy. The electron diffraction results and optical properties indicate that these particles are two-dimensional disks, consisting of single Se-In-In-Se tetralayer sheets. The absorption spectra indicate strong quantum confinement along the z axis and, for the smaller particles, in the x,y plane. The z-axis quantum confinement may be quantitatively understood in terms of the band structure of bulk InSe. The results indicate that the z-axis quantum confinement reverses the order of the direct and indirect transitions in the case of the largest particles. The smaller particles exhibit strong, polarized fluorescence, and the fluorescence polarization may also be understood in terms of the band structure of bulk InSe. ? 2005 American Chemical Society.
- Yang, Shuming,Kelley, David F.
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- Synthesis and crystal structures of trimethylindium adducts with bidentate and macrocyclic tertiary amines
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The structures of trimethylindium (Me3In) adducts with the bidentate tertiary amine N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-4,4′-methylenebis(aniline)[MBDA] and the macrocyclic amines 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane [N4-aza crown] and 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexamethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane [N6-aza crown] have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The adducts have the following stoichiometries, Me3In·2MBDA 1, 2Me3In·MBDA 2, 4Me3In·N4-aza crown 3 and 6Me3In·N6-aza crown 4. Compound 1 contains five-coordinate Me3In in a trigonal bipyramidal configuration and displays the longest In-N bond lengths yet reported (2.720(4), 2.865 A); 2-4 contain four-coordinate Me3In molecules in a tetrahedral configuration. Compounds 1-4 can be used as intermediate adducts in the adduct purification of Me3In for use in the MOVPE (metal organic vapour phase epitaxy) of InP and related III-V semiconductors. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2001.
- Coward, Kathleen M.,Jones, Anthony C.,Steiner, Alexander,Bickley, Jamie F.,Smith, Lesley M.,Pemble, Martyn E.
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- Process for preparing alkyl metal compounds
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The invention relates to a method for producing alkyl metal compounds, starting materials for the production of trialkyl gallium and trialkyl indium comprise metallic indium or metallic gallium, at least one alkyl donor, a reducing agent and a solvent; the alkyl donor is alkyl halide; R in MR 2-4 represents alkyl group, 2 to 4 R groups are independently selected from the same or different alkyl groups; M is especially aluminum, gallium or indium; high purity gallium or indium or aluminum is used; sesquialkyl aluminum chloride is used as a reaction promoter, and the metal gallium or metal indium is reacted with alkyl chloride of the alkyl donor at low temperature and low pressure to generate sesquialkyl gallium chloride or sesquialkyl indium chloride; when the sesquialkyl gallium chloride or indium sesquialkyl chloride is reduced to the trialkyl gallium or trialkyl indium by a reducing agent, metal gallium or metal indium is necessarily generated simultaneously; the newly generated metal gallium or metal indium reacts with chloromethane (ethyl) in situ, so that the starting materials are fully utilized. The yield of the two steps is almost complete. The new synthetic route is an environment-friendly green process.
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Paragraph 0126-0129
(2020/05/30)
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- A phosphine-free, heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed atom-efficient carbonylative cross-coupling of triorganoindiums with aryl halides leading to unsymmetrical ketones
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The first phosphine-free heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling of aryl halides with triorganoindiums has been developed that proceeds smoothly under 1 or 2.5 atm of carbon monoxide in THF at 68 °C and provides a general and powerful tool for the synthesis of various valuable unsymmetrical ketones with high atom-economy, good yield, and recyclability of the catalyst. Our system not only avoids the use of phosphine ligands, but also solves the basic problem of palladium catalyst recovery and reuse.
- You, Shengyong,Xiao, Ruian,Liu, Haiyi,Cai, Mingzhong
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p. 13862 - 13870
(2017/11/27)
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- Aryl-NHC-group 13 trimethyl complexes: structural, stability and bonding insights
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Treatment of aromatic N-substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with trimethyl-gallium and -indium yielded the new Lewis acid-base adducts, IMes·GaMe3 (1), SIMes·GaMe3 (2), IPr·GaMe3 (3), SIPr·GaMe3 (4), IMes·InMe3 (5), SIMes·InMe3 (6), IPr·InMe3 (7), and SIPr·InMe3 (8), with all complexes being identified by X-ray diffraction, IR, and multinuclear NMR analyses. Complex stability was found to be largely dependent on the nature of the constituent NHC ligands. Percent buried volume (%VBur) and topographic steric map analyses were employed to quantify and elucidate the observed trends. Additionally, a detailed bond snapping energy (BSE) decomposition analysis focusing on both steric and orbital interactions of the M-NHC bond (M = Al, Ga and In) has been performed.
- Wu, Melissa M.,Gill, Arran M.,Yunpeng, Lu,Yongxin, Li,Ganguly, Rakesh,Falivene, Laura,García, Felipe
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p. 854 - 864
(2017/01/29)
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- Transition-Metal-Free Cross-Coupling of Indium Organometallics with Chromene and Isochroman Acetals Mediated by BF3·OEt2
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A transition-metal-free coupling of triorganoindium reagents with benzopyranyl acetals mediated by a Lewis acid has been developed. The reaction of R3In with chromene and isochroman acetals in the presence of BF3·OEt2 afforded 2-substituted chromenes and 1-substituted isochromans, respectively, in good yields. The reactions proceed with a variety of triorganoindium reagents (aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl, alkenyl, alkyl) using only 50 mol % of the organometallic, thus demonstrating the efficiency of these species. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate the formation of an oxocarbenium ion intermediate in the presence of the Lewis acid.
- Gil-Negrete, José M.,Sestelo, José Pérez,Sarandeses, Luis A.
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p. 4316 - 4319
(2016/10/12)
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- Identification of a novel orally bioavailable phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor with efficacy in animal models of schizophrenia.
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We report the continuation of a focused medicinal chemistry program aimed to further optimize a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines as a novel class of potent and selective phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors. In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation allowed the selection of compound 25a for its assessment in preclinical models of psychosis. The evolution of our medicinal chemistry program, structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, as well as a detailed pharmacological profile for optimized lead 25a are described.
- Bartolomé-Nebreda, José Manuel,Alonso De Diego, Sergio A.,Artola, Marta,Delgado, Francisca,Delgado, óscar,Martín-Martín, María Luz,Martínez-Viturro, Carlos M.,Pena, Miguel ángel,Tong, Han Min,Van Gool, Michiel,Alonso, José Manuel,Fontana, Alberto,Macdonald, Gregor J.,Megens, Anton,Langlois, Xavier,Somers, Marijke,Vanhoof, Greet,Conde-Ceide, Susana
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supporting information
p. 978 - 993
(2015/01/30)
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- Modular and highly stereoselective approach to all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes
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A modular and completely stereoselective approach for the construction of all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes is described. It is based on the three-fold, sequential metal-catalyzed, cross-coupling functionalization of simple enolphosphate dibromide templates with carbon nucleophiles, affording tetrasubstituted alkenes as single isomers.
- Kotek, Vladislav,Dvor??kov??, Hana,Tobrman, Tom??s
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supporting information
p. 608 - 611
(2015/03/05)
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- PREPARATION OF TRIALKYLINDIUM COMPOUNDS AND TRIALKYLGALLIUM COMPOUNDS
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This invention provides a process for forming trialkylindium compounds or trialkylgallium compounds. In the process, an alkylaluminum compound, is brought together with either at least one indium carboxylate having at least one carboxylate group, to form a trialkylindium compound; or at least one gallium carboxylate having at least one carboxylate group, to form a trialkylgallium compound, in a molar ratio of about 2.75: 1 or less of alkylaluminum compound to indium carboxylate or gallium carboxylate.
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Paragraph 0053
(2014/07/08)
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- METHODS OF PRODUCING TRIMETHYLGALLIUM
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Methods of preparing compounds of the formula: Me3M, wherein M is gallium, indium or thallium; the methods comprising reacting at least three equivalents of a halomethane compound with a compound of the formula (R)3M; wherein each R is independently C2-C8 alkyl.
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(2014/06/11)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING TRIALKYL COMPOUNDS OF METALS OF GROUP IIIA
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The invention relates to a process for preparing trialkylmetal compounds of the general formula R3M (where M = metal of group llIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements (PTE), preferably gallium or indium, and R = C1-C5-alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl). The process is based on the reaction of metal trichloride (MeCl3) with alkylaluminium sesquichloride (R3AI2CI3) in the presence of at least one alkali metal halide as auxiliary base. The reaction mixture is heated to a temperature above 120°C and the trialkylmetal compound is separated off from the reaction mixture via a separator, with partially alkylated products being at the same time recirculated to the reaction mixture. In a further step, the reaction mixture is heated to a maximum of 350°C and the remaining alkylated and partially alkylated products are separated off. The products obtained in this way can optionally be recycled in the process. The process displays a high yield of trialkylmetal compound and also a high metal utilization; the products are used as precursors for MOCVD processes.
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Page/Page column 20
(2013/06/27)
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- IMIDAZO[1,2-a]PYRAZINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE FOR THE PREVENTION OR TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL, PSYCHIATRIC AND METABOLIC DISORDERS AND DISEASES
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The present invention relates to novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives which are inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 10 enzyme (PDE10) and which are useful for the treatment or prevention of neurological, psychiatric and metabolic disorders in which the PDE10 enzyme is involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, to processes to prepare such compounds and compositions, to the use of such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for the prevention or treatment of neurological, psychiatric and metabolic disorders and diseases.
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Page/Page column 39
(2013/02/28)
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- The synthesis and deep purification of GaEt3. Reversible complexation of adducts MAlk3 (M = Al, Ga, In; Alk = Me, Et) with phenylphosphines
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Optimal parameters of organomagnesium technique of synthesis of triethylgallium have been defined. Various techniques of deep purification of triethylgallium to the extent required in metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy MOVPE have been studied: by way of residue ether displacement through high-performance rectification and interaction with high pure aluminum and gallium trichloride, and by way of reversible complexation with triphenylphosphine, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphine)propane and 1,5- bis(diphenylphosphine)pentane. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique have been identified. We have shown high performance of adduct purification technique covering trimethyl and triethyl derivatives of aluminum, gallium and indium. The structure of donor-acceptor complexes between metal alkyls and the above-mentioned phosphines have been verified using H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and X-ray studies, as well as quantum chemical calculations. Thermal stability of triethylgallium and oxidation of its adducts with phosphines have been studied.
- Shatunov,Korlyukov,Lebedev,Sheludyakov,Kozyrkin,Orlov, V.Yu.
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p. 2238 - 2251
(2011/06/22)
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- TETRACYCLINE COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND RELATED METHODS OF TREATMENT
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The present invention pertains, at least in part, to substituted tetracycline compounds. The present invention also pertains to methods for treating rheumatoid arthritis in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a tetracycline compound of the invention.
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Page/Page column 48
(2010/04/25)
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- Reactivity of (C5Me5)2UMe2 and (C5Me5)2 UMeCl toward group 13 Alkyls
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The reactions of group 13 alkyl reagents (ATMe3, AlEt 3, GaMet3, InMet3) with the uranium metallocene complexes Cp*2UCl2, Cp*2UMe 2, and Cp*2UClMe (Cp* = C
- Dietrich, H. Martin,Ziller, Joseph W.,Anwander, Reiner,Evans, William J.
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p. 1173 - 1179
(2009/06/28)
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- Method
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Organometallic compounds of Group IIB and IIIA metals that are substantially pure and contain low levels of oxygenated impurities are provided. Also provided are methods of preparing such organometallic compounds.
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Page/Page column 7
(2010/10/20)
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- A Versatile Metathesis Reaction for the Formation of Labile Bonds between Group 13 and Group 15 Atoms
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The heterocycles [{Me2AIE(SiMe3)2} x] (E = P-Bi) are powerful metathesis reagents in the presence of 4-dimethyl-aminopyridine (dmap), thus allowing the synthesis of previously unknown Group 13/15 compounds. Reactions with [Me3M-dmap] (M = In, TI) proceed with E(SiMe3)2 transfer to form the corresponding heterocycles [{Me2InBi-(SiMe3) 2}3] and [{Me2TIE(SiMe3) 2}2] (E = P, As), which were characterized by NMR and MS analysis, and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
- Thomas, Florian,Schulz, Stephan,Mansikkamaeki, Heidi,Nieger, Martin
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p. 5641 - 5644
(2007/10/03)
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- Trialkylindium preparation
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Trialkylindium compounds are prepared by reacting indium trihalide with a trialkylaluminum compound in the presence of a fluoride salt, wherein the molar ratio of the indium trihalide to the fluoride salt is at least 1:4.5. Such trialkylindium compounds are particularly suitable for use in metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy.
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- Atom-efficient metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of indium organometallics with organic electrophiles
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The novel metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of indium organometallics with organic electrophiles is described. Triorganoindium compounds (R3In) containing alkyl, vinyl, aryl, and alkynyl groups are efficiently prepared from the correspond
- Perez,Sestelo,Sarandeses
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p. 4155 - 4160
(2007/10/03)
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- Thermodynamics of trimethylindium adducts of N,N′,N″-trialkyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexanes
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Adducts of formula InMe3·C3H6N3R3, where R = Me, Pri or But, have been prepared. The adduct bonding of three lone pairs is shown to be only slightly stronger than a standard one lone-pair adduct bond, and estimated to be between 85 and 90 kJ mol-1. The vapour pressures of these adducts have been determined and interpreted by statistical mechanical techniques to show the presence of disorder within the molecules, both in the alkyl groups and in the adduct bonding. The former is shown to affect the solid phases; its use in modelling the disorder in a crystal structure and in predicting the entropy of phase change to disordered phases is outlined. The latter appears in the liquid and vapour phases and is used to explain melting points and entropies of vaporisation. Copyright 1997 by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Bradley, Donald C.,Harding, Ian S.
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p. 4637 - 4641
(2007/10/03)
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- Method for the synthesis of metal alkyls and metal aryls
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Method for forming metal alkyl compounds by the direct combination of metal halide, lithium metal, and alkyl or aryl halide and for purifying metal alkyl compounds by repeated sublimation/pumping cycles. The method can be used to produce metal alkyl compounds which are substantially free of volatile impurities.
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- Process for the preparation of trialkyl compounds of group 3a metals
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Process for the preparation of trialkyl compound of a Group 3a metal, in which a Group 3a metal is contacted with an alkyl halide in the presence of an alkali metal to obtain a trialkyl compound of the Group 3a metal and alkali-metal halide.
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- Purification of tri-alkyl compounds of Group 3a metals
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A tri-alkyl compound of a Group 3a metal is purified by a process in which a polyether of the formula STR1 wherein R independently is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms inclusive, each R' independently is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; m is an integer from 1 to 6 inclusive; and n is an integer from 1 to 12 inclusive, is added to a composition comprising a tri-alkyl compound and the polyether. The adduct is heated to dissociate the adduct thermally into a mixture containing tri-alkyl compound of the Group 3a metal, and the mixture is subjected to distillation to recover the tri-alkyl compound of the Group 3a metal.
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- Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Adducts of Trimethylindium with Nitrogen-containing Lewis Bases
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Adducts of trimethylindium with a range of nitrogen-containing Lewis bases have been prepared, and their thermal properties investigated.No adduct formation is observed with triphenylamine or N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,8-naphthalenediamine.From Lewis-base solvent such as diethyl ether, volatile 1:1 adducts can be isolated with 3,3'-bipyridyl (3,3'-bipy), 4,4'-bipy, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (tmpd), as well as a volatile 2:1 (InMe3:Lewis base) adduct formed with N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine.In order to prepare 2:1 (InMe3:Lewis base) adducts of 3,3-, 4,4'-bipy, and tmpd it is necessary to use non-co-ordinating hydrocarbon solvents.Of these, the 3,3'-bipy and tmpd adducts dissociate on heating in vacuo to afford the corresponding 1:1 adducts and trimethylindium, whereas the 4,4'-bipy adducts sublimes intact.In both co-ordinating and non-co-ordinating solvents, 2,2'-bipy forms non-stoicheiometric adducts whose properties have not been investigated further.Factors influencing adduct stoicheiometry are discussed.
- Foster, Douglas F.,Rushworth, Simon A.,Cole-Hamilton, David J.,Cafferty, Rhoda,Harrison, Jane,Parkes, Peter
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- Hybrid organometallic compounds, particularly for metal organic chemical vapor deposition
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Compounds having the molecular formula: wherein x is an integer from 2 to 4 inclusive, each said R substituent is independently selected from hydride, lower alkyl, phenyl, alkyl-substituted phenyl, cyclopentadienyl, and alkyl substituted cyclopentadienyl, at least two of said R substituents are different, and M is an element selected from Groups 2B or 3A of the Periodic Table, Bismuth, Selenium, Tellurium, Beryllium, and Magnesium, but excluding Aluminum, Bismuth, Selenium, and Tellurium if any R is hydride. The hybrid compound is used for metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The invention also includes a metal organic chemical vapor deposition process employing a hybrid of first and second compounds having the above formula, but wherein the R substituents of each compound can be like or unlike and M is selected from Groups 2B, 2A, 3A, 5A, and 6A of the Periodic Table except for Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur. The hybrid composite compound has different properties than the first and second compounds, and thus can be more suitable for a particular metal organic chemical vapor deposition process.
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- Hydrocarbon-substituted analogs of phosphine and arsine, particularly for metal organic chemical vapor deposition
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Organometallic compounds having the formulas: STR1 wherein N is selected from phosphorus and arsenic, H is hydride, and X and Y are independently selected from hydride, lower alkyl cyclopentadienyl, and phenyl, except that Y cannot be hydrogen; and wherein x is an integer from 2 to 4 inclusive, each said R substituent is independently selected from hydride, lower alkyl, phenyl, alkyl-substituted phenyl, cyclopentadienyl, and alkyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl, and M is selected from elements of Groups 2B, 2A, 3A, 5A, and 6A of the Periodic Table, except carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The use of these compounds in chemical vapor deposition processes and methods for synthesizing these compounds are also disclosed.
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