- SUBSTITUTED DIHYDROISOQUINOLINONE COMPOUNDS
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This invention relates to compounds of general formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R4, L, X and Z are as defined herein, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and salts, and to methods of using such compounds, salts and compositions for the treatment of abnormal cell growth, including cancer.
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Paragraph 0519
(2015/12/30)
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- PROCESS FOR HALOGENATION OF BENZENE AND BENZENE DERIVATIVES
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In a process of halogenation of benzene or benzene derivatives, di-substituted halobenzene derivatives having para-aromatic compounds or tri-substituted halobenzene derivatives having 1,2,4-substituted aromatic compounds are selectively produced. In halogenation of benzene or benzene derivatives, a fluorine-containing zeolite catalyst such as L-type zeolite, or a zeolite catalyst having the crystal size of at most 100 nm is used. The reaction is preferably effected in the presence of a solvent, and the solvent is preferably a halogenated compound.
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Page/Page column 23-24
(2008/06/13)
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- SELECTIVITY AND MECHANISM IN THE SIDE-CHAIN HALOGENATION OF METHYLBENZENES PROMOTED PHOTOCHEMICALLY AND BY METAL COMPLEXES IN THE PRESENCE OF HALIDE IONS
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The intramolecular selectivity in a variety of side-chain halogenations of alkyl-aromatics has been determined in AcOH by measuring the isomeric distribution in the reactions of 4-t-butyl- and 4-chloro-1,2-dimethylbenzene (1 and 2, respectively) with: Br2/hν, CAN/Br-, CAN=cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate, cobalt(III) acetate/Br-, S2O8=/Br-, N-bromosuccinimide (in CCl4), Cl2/hν, CAN/Cl-, cobalt(III) acetate/Cl-.In the bromination reactions selectivity is independent of the reaction conditions, thus suggesting that in all brominating systems Br. is the actual reacting species.Very surprisingly, with 1 as the substrate, Cl2/hν is a more selective system than Br2/hν.With 2 the two systems display similar selectivity.It has been suggested that in AcOH the transition state for photochlorination has an electron transfer character which increases as the substrate becomes more electron rich.The idea of a "variable" transition state for the photochlorination in AcOH is supported by data of relative reactivity of substituted toluenes indicating that the effect on the rate increases as the substituent becomes more electron donor.AcOH must have an essential role in this respect since in CCl4 situation returns to be "normal" with chlorination less selective than bromination.Selectivity of CAN/Cl- is very similar to that of Cl2/hν, whereas significant differences are observed with cobalt(III) acetate/Cl-.Probably Cl. and a cobalt(III) chloride complex are the reacting species in CAN/Cl- and cobalt(III) acetate/Cl-, respectively.
- Baciocchi, Enrico,Crescenzi, Manuela
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p. 6525 - 6536
(2007/10/02)
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