- Oligomerization of Dec-1-ene over Montmorillonite Clay Catalysts
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The Broensted acid sites generated on Montmorillonite-K10 and other cation (Al3+, Zr4+, H+) exchanged clays when evacuated at high temperature are quite active for oligomerization of dec-1-ene in liquid phase.
- Pillai, S. Muthukumaru,Ravindranathan, M.
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- ESTERIFICATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS WITH OLEFINS USING A ZEOLITIC MATERIAL HAVING A BEA-TYPE FRAMEWORK STRUCTURE
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The present invention relates to a catalytic process for the preparation of an ester starting from a carboxylic acid and an alkene using a zeolitic material having a BEA-type framework structure as the catalyst.
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Page/Page column 45; 46; 47
(2019/08/08)
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- An unprecedented α-olefin distribution arising from a homogeneous ethylene oligomerization catalyst
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Treatment of the bis(benzimidazolyl)amine chromium complex 2 with ethylene in the presence of MAO affords an exceptionally active oligomerization catalyst and an unprecedented distribution of 1-olefin products in which the C4n series is much more abundant than the C4n+2 series. Deuterium labeling studies are consistent with a metallacyclic chain growth mechanism in which the unusual product distribution arises from the interplay of two sites. Copyright
- Tomov, Atanas K.,Chirinos, Juan J.,Long, Richard J.,Gibson, Vernon C.,Elsegood, Mark R. J.
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p. 7704 - 7705
(2007/10/03)
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- Semivolatile and volatile compounds in combustion of polyethylene
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The evolution of semivolatile and volatile compounds in the combustion of polyethylene (PE) was studied at different operating conditions in a horizontal quartz reactor. Four combustion runs at 500 and 850°C with two different sample mass/air flow ratios and two pyrolytic runs at the same temperatures were carried out. Thermal behavior of different compounds was analyzed and the data obtained were compared with those of literature. It was observed that α,ω-olefins, α-olefins and n-paraffins were formed from the pyrolytic decomposition at low temperatures. On the other hand, oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes were also formed in the presence of oxygen. High yields were obtained of carbon oxides and light hydrocarbons, too. At high temperatures, the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) took place. These compounds are harmful and their presence in the combustion processes is related with the evolution of pyrolytic puffs inside the combustion chamber with a poor mixture of semivolatile compounds evolved with oxygen. Altogether, the yields of more than 200 compounds were determined. The collection of the semivolatile compounds was carried out with XAD-2 adsorbent and were analyzed by GC-MS, whereas volatile compounds and gases were collected in a Tedlar bag and analyzed by GC with thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors.
- Font, Rafael,Aracil, Ignacio,Fullana, Andrés,Conesa, Juan A.
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p. 615 - 627
(2007/10/03)
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- Organic transformations involving metal-metal salt combination: Dehalogenation of vic-dibromides with Al-NiCl2. 6H2O-THF system
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The utility of the metal-metal salt combination of Al/NiCl2. 6H2O in THF in bringing about dehelogenation of vic-dibromides has been demonstrated with examples.
- Sarmah, Parijat,Sarma, Bhabani K.,Barua, Nabin C.
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p. 528 - 529
(2007/10/03)
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- Organic transformations involving metal-metal salt combination : Dehalogenation of vic-dibromides with Al-NiCl2 6H2O-THF system
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The utility of the metal-metal salt combination of Al/NiCl2 6H2O in THF in bringing about dehelogenation of vic-dibromides has been demonstrated with examples.
- Sarmah, Parijat,Sarma, Bhabani K.,Barua, Nabin C.
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p. 528 - 529
(2007/10/03)
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- INSECT PHEROMONES AND THEIR ANALOGUES. XXXVIII. SYNTHESIS OF (+/-)-3-METHYLHENEICOSAN-2-ONE AND (+/-)-2-ACETOXY-3,7-DIMETHYLPENTADECANE USING THE REDUCTIVE β-VINYLATION OF α-OLEFINS
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Schemes are proposed for the synthesis of (+/-)-3-methylheneicosan-2-one and (+/-)-2-acetoxy-3,7-dimethylpentadecane - racemic analogues of the sex pheromones of the common cockroach (Blatella germanica) and of plane sawflies of the genera Diprion and Neodiprion, respectively, using the reductive β-vinylation of α-olefins.
- Odinokov, V. N.,Ishmuratov, G. Yu,Ibragimov, A. G.,Yakovleva, M. P.,Zolotarev, A. P.,et al.
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p. 496 - 499
(2007/10/02)
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- Length- and direction-specific solute-solvent interactions as determined from Norrish II reactions of p-alkylalkanophenones in ordered phases of n-butyl stearate
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The photochemistry of a series of p-alkylalkanophenones (1) has been investigated in the ordered and isotropic phases of n-butyl stearate (BS). By varying the total length of the ketones and the relative position of the benzoyl group within ketones of constant length, the solvent-related factors responsible for Norrish II product selectivity and reactivity have been identified. Specifically, the location of the hydroxy 1,4-biradical intermediates from 1 with respect to the carboxyl groups of neighboring BS molecules and the orientation of the biradical centers within a BS layer appear to control the nature and efficiency of product formation. Infrared spectra of models of the hydroxy 1,4-biradicals in BS and eicosane support the hypotheses. Differential scanning calorimetric data indicate that the ketones exhibiting the lowest product selectivity or least reactivity are not incorporated well within the BS anisotropic phases.
- He, Zhiqiang,Weiss, Richard G.
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p. 5535 - 5541
(2007/10/02)
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- ALUMINIUM TRIIODIDE: A CONVENIENT REAGENT FOR DEOXYGENATION OF OXIRANES
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Freshly prepared Aluminium triiodide has been shown to deoxygenate a variety of oxiranes to the corresponding olefins in excellent yields.In case of less reactive oxiranes such as entry 6, 7, 8 and 9 the initial formation of the trans-iodohydrins was observed.
- Sarmah, Parijat,Barua, Nabin C
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p. 5815 - 5816
(2007/10/02)
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- Spiro[isoxazalidine-3,2'-tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7 ] decanes]
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The compounds are of the class of adamantanyl isoxazolidine derivatives useful as anti-inflammatory, antihypoxia, antimicrobial and anticonvulsant agents. Exempliary of a species of the compounds is 2 methyl-5-n-hexyl-spiro[isoxazolidin-3,2'-tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7 ] decane].
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- Type II Photochemistry of Ketones in Liquid Crystalline Solvents. The Influence of Ordered Media on Biradical Dynamics
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The Norrish type II photochemistry of five alkylphenones, PhCO(CH2)nH (1a, n=4; 1b, n=10; 1c, n=17; 1d, n=19; 1e, n=21), 10-nonadecanone (2), and 2-undecanone (3) was studied in the isotopic, smetic, and solid phases of n-butyl stearate.The ratio of elimination-to-cyclization products for ketones 1c-e and 2 exhibits a strong phase dependence with a 7-8-fold increase in the smectic phase relative to the isotropic phase.The ratio of isomeric cyclobutanols from 2 shows a similar change.Further increases in the elimination-to-cyclization ratio are observed for 1d in the solid phase.The product ratios for ketones 1a, 1b, and 3 are the same in all the phase studied.Transient absorption studies on the intermediate 1,4-biradical produced from laser flash photolysis of 1d yield lifetimes of 64 +/- 5 and 70 +/- 5 ns in the isotopic and smectic phases, respectively.These results are explaned in terms of the structures of the various phases of n-butyl stearate and the accepted behavior of Norrish type II biradicals.
- Hrovat, David A.,Liu, Jerry H.,Turro, Nicholas J.,Weiss, Richard G.
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p. 7033 - 7037
(2007/10/02)
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- Alkali Metal O,O-Diethyl Phosphorotelluroates, a Reagent Class for Deoxygenation of Epoxides, Especially Terminal Epoxides
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Epoxides are deoxygenated to olefins by alkali metal O,O-diethyl phosphorotelluroates.These reagents can be used in stoichiometric quantities or they can be generated continuously in situ from tellurium under conditions that approach a catalytic nature with respect to the metal.Terminal epoxides are deoxygenated most readily, but the reaction does work for other types.In the case of epoxides formally derived from acyclic olefins, the Z compound reacts more easily than the E isomer and the deoxygenation is stereospecific. 1,2-Epoxycyclohexanes react faster than 1,2-epoxycyclopentanes.Selective deoxygenations, especially those in favor of terminal epoxides, are possible.
- Clive, Derrick L. J.,Menchen, Steven M.
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p. 2347 - 2354
(2007/10/02)
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- Mercapto phenolic and alkylthio phenolic antioxidants
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2-Mercapto phenol and/or 4-mercapto phenol are reacted with a compound selected from olefins, alcohols, and organic halides for example, styrene and isobutylene, to form (hydrocarbyl) thio phenolic antioxidants such as 2,6-di-tert. butyl-4-(tert.butylthio) phenol and 2,6-di(α-phenylethyl)-4-(α-phenylethylthio)phenol.
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