- Kinetics and Mechanism of the Nickel(II)- and Copper(II)- promoted Reduction of Di-2-pyridyl Ketone with Sodium Tetrahydroborate
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The kinetics of reduction of di-2-pyridyl ketone with NaBH4 leading to the formation of di-2-pyridylmethanol (dpm) was studied in the presence of Ni(II) or Cu(II).The metal ion-promoted reduction involved two successive intermediates.Based on the visible spectra and kinetic data concerning the intermediates, it is proposed that the first intermediate is (nickel(I) or copper(I) complex of the anion of dpm and that the second intermediate is the corresponding complex of dpm.
- Suh, Myunghyun Paik,Kwak, Chee-Hun,Suh, Junghun
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Read Online
- Higher MLCT lifetime of carbene iron(ii) complexes by chelate ring expansion
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Combining strong σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and π-accepting pyridine ligands with a high octahedricity in rigid iron(ii) complexes increases the3MLCT lifetime from 0.15 ps in the prototypical [Fe(tpy)2]2+complex to 9.2 ps in [Fe(dpmi)2]2+12+. The tripodal CNN ligand dpmi (di(pyridine-2-yl)(3-methylimidazol-2-yl)methane) forms six-membered chelate rings with the iron(ii) centre leading to close to 90° bite angles and enhanced iron-ligand orbital overlap.
- Bauer, Matthias,Heinze, Katja,Kruse, Ayla,Lochbrunner, Stefan,Reuter, Thomas,Schoch, Roland
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Read Online
- Light-driven MPV-type reduction of aryl ketones/aldehydes to alcohols with isopropanol under mild conditions
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Alcohols are versatile structural motifs of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and fine chemicals. With respect to green chemistry, the development of more sustainable and cost-efficient processes for converting ketones/aldehydes to alcohols is highly desired. Herein, a direct light-driven strategy for reducing ketones/aldehydes to alcohols using isopropanol as the reducing agent and solvent, in the presence of t-BuOLi, under an air atmosphere at room temperature is developed. This operationally simple light-promoted Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) type reduction can be used to produce various benzylic alcohol derivatives as well as applied to bioactive molecules and PEEK model compounds, demonstrating its application potential.
- Cao, Dawei,Xia, Shumei,Pan, Pan,Zeng, Huiying,Li, Chao-Jun,Peng, Yong
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supporting information
p. 7539 - 7543
(2021/10/12)
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- Complex for catalyzing polymerization of 4-methyl-1-pentene and preparation method thereof
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The invention discloses a complex for catalyzing polymerization of 4-methyl-1-pentene and a preparation method thereof. According to the complex, di (pyridine-2-yl) methyl with large steric hindranceis introduced into the ortho-position of an imine nitrogen atom aromatic ring. The bis (pyridine-2-yl) methyl with large steric hindrance is introduced, a steric effect is provided, aniline aromatic ring rotation can be inhibited during catalytic polymerization, and a metal center is effectively shielded and thus the metal center is protected. Besides, an electron withdrawing effect is provided, the electrophilicity of the metal active center is enhanced, monomer insertion is facilitated during catalytic polymerization, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst is improved; the prepared pyridine-imine palladium catalyst is novel in structure and has good thermal stability and catalytic activity in catalyzing polymerization of 4-methyl-1-pentene.
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Paragraph 0037-0039
(2020/07/02)
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- Ruthenium complexes with PYA pincer ligands for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of challenging substrates
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Here we highlight the potential of a series of ruthenium complexes with tridentate N,N,N pincer-type ligands featuring two pyridylidene amide (PYA) moieties in the ligand skeleton. They were successfully applied in transfer hydrogenation of ketones and C=C double bonds. Rational ligand design was key for increasing the catalytic performance in the reduction of challenging substrates such as potentially chelating acetylpyridines. The specific reaction profiles indicate catalyst poisoning via imine coordination as well as N,O-bidentate coordination of the substrate or the product. Approaches to mitigate this inhibition are presented. Furthermore, these PYA pincer ruthenium complexes accomplish the selective reduction of the C=C over C=O bond of α,β-unsaturated ketones such as benzylideneacetone, while other α,β-unsaturated ketones such as trans-chalcone predominantly underwent oxidative C=C bond cleavage.
- Melle, Philipp,Albrecht, Martin
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p. 299 - 303
(2019/07/08)
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- Carbohydrate-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene Ru(ii) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic transfer hydrogenation activity
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Three Ru complexes containing carbohydrate/N-heterocyclic carbene hybrid ligands were synthesized that were comprised of a triazolylidene coordination site and a directly linked per-acetylated glucosyl (5Glc) or galactosyl unit (5Gal), or a glycosyl unit linked through an ethylene spacer (6). Electrochemical and UV-vis analysis indicate only minor perturbation of the electronic configuration of the metal center upon carbohydrate installation. Deprotection of the carbohydrate was accomplished under basic conditions to afford complexes that were stable in solution over several hours, but decomposed in the solid state. Complexes 5 and 6 were used as pre-catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones under basic conditions, i.e. conditions that lead to in situ deprotection of the carbohydrate entity. The carbohydrate directly influences the catalytic activity of the metal center. Remotely linked carbohydrates (complex 6) induce significantly lower catalytic activity than directly linked carbohydrates (complexes 5Glc, 5Gal), while unfunctionalized triazolylidenes are an order of magnitude more active. These observations and substrate variations strongly suggest that substrate bonding is rate-limiting for transfer hydrogenation in these hybrid carbohydrate/triazolylidene systems.
- Byrne, Joseph P.,Musembi, Pauline,Albrecht, Martin
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p. 11838 - 11847
(2019/08/13)
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- Development of dipyridine-based coordinative polymers for reusable heterogeneous catalysts
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Poly(di(pyridin-2-yl)methyl acrylate) (PDPyMA), which was obtained by the free radical polymerization of designed coordinative monomer of di(pyridin-2-yl)methyl acrylate, is able to coordinate with various metal ions to form heterogeneous catalysts for diverse catalytic reactions. The Pd and Cu complexes supported by PDPyMA were developed for the heterogeneous Suzuki-Miyaura reaction and Friedel-Crafts alkylation, respectively. The PDPyMA-based catalysts showed no significant decline of reactivity after five times recycling. However, the hydrolysis of the PDPyMA backbone under alkaline conditions limited the catalytic efficiency of this heterogeneous catalyst so that the coordinative monomer was redesigned as 1,1-di(pyridine-2-yl)-2-(4-vinylphenyl)ethan-1-ol and then 2,2′-(1-methoxy-2-(4-vinylphenyl)ethane-1,1-diyl)dipyridine (MVPhDPy). With copolymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), the efficiency of polymer-based heterogeneous catalysts could be further raised, demonstrated by the increased turn over number in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, which approached 5,260 by using the catalyst formed from poly(MVPhDPy-co-NIPAM) and Pd(OAc)2. poly(MVPhDPy-co-NIPAM) copolymer, therefore, could be a versatile platform to support different metal ions for various heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
- Chang, Hsiang-Chun,Li, Jia-Qi,Lin, Ching-Kai,Hsu, Yu-Jung,Tu, Tsung-Han,Hsieh, Yi-Liang,Hsu, Hsiu-Hao,Lee, Gene-Hsiang,Liu, Yi-Hung,Peng, Chi-How
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p. 1119 - 1133
(2019/08/01)
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- CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF 4-(1-(1,1-DI(PYRIDIN-2-YL)ETHYL)-6-(3,5-DIMETHYLISOXAZOL-4-YL)-1H- PYRROLO[3,2-B]PYRIDIN-3-YL)BENZOIC ACID THAT INHIBITS BROMODOMAIN
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Forms of 4-(1-(1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid were prepared and characterized in the solid state: Compound I. Also provided are processes of manufacture and methods of using the forms of Compound I.
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Paragraph 0134
(2018/10/19)
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- Modular Pincer-type Pyridylidene Amide Ruthenium(II) Complexes for Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysis
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A set of bench-stable ruthenium complexes with new N,N,N-tridentate coordinating pincer-type pyridyl-bis(pyridylideneamide) ligands was synthesized in excellent yields, with the pyridylidene amide in meta or in para position (m-PYA and p-PYA, respectively). While complex [Ru(p-PYA)(MeCN)3]2+ is catalytically silent in transfer hydrogenation, its meta isomer [Ru(m-PYA)(MeCN)3]2+ shows considerable activity with turnover frequencies at 50% conversion TOF50 = 100 h-1. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and crystallographic analyses suggest considerably stronger donor properties of the zwitterionic m-PYA ligand compared to the partially π-acidic p-PYA analogue, imparted by valence isomerization. Further catalyst optimization was achieved by exchanging the ancillary MeCN ligands with imines (4-picoline), amines (ethylenediamine), and phosphines (PPh3, dppm, dppe). The most active catalyst was comprised of the m-PYA pincer ligand and PPh3, complex [Ru(m-PYA)(PPh3)(MeCN)2]2+, which reached a TOF50 of 430 h-1 under aerobic conditions and up to 4000 h-1 in the absence of oxygen. The presence of oxygen reversibly deactivates the catalytically active species, which compromises activity, but not longevity of the catalyst. Ligand exchange kinetic studies by NMR spectroscopy indicate that the strong trans effect of the phosphine is critical for high catalyst activity. Diaryl, aryl-alkyl, and dialkyl ketones were hydrogenated with high conversion, and α,β-unsaturated ketones produced selectively the saturated ketone as the only product due to exclusive C=C bond hydrogenation, a distinctly different selectivity from most other transfer hydrogenation catalysts.
- Melle, Philipp,Manoharan, Yanisha,Albrecht, Martin
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p. 11761 - 11774
(2018/09/21)
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- N-Arylamines Coupled with Aldehydes, Ketones, and Imines by Means of Photocatalytic Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer
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A photoredox-catalyzed umpolung strategy for coupling reactions between aldehydes, ketones, imines, and N-arylamines is reported. These reactions proceed by a Br?nsted acid-activated proton-coupled electron transfer pathway, and the protocol was used to synthesize a broad scope of 1,2-amino alcohols and vicinal diamines, both of which are common motifs in biologically active natural products, pharmaceutically active molecules, and ligands.
- Xia, Qing,Tian, Hao,Dong, Jianyang,Qu, Yi,Li, Lili,Song, Hongjian,Liu, Yuxiu,Wang, Qingmin
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supporting information
p. 9269 - 9273
(2018/06/04)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF
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Provided herein are heterocyclic compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions containing such a compound and their therapeutic uses, methods for their preparation, intermediate compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such a compound, and their therapeutic uses.
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Paragraph 0179; 0182
(2017/04/11)
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- HETEROCYCLICALKYL DERIVATIVE COMPOUNDS AS SELECTIVE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THE SAME
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The present invention relates to novel heterocyclicalkyl derivatives having histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, optical isomers thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, the use thereof for the preparation of medicaments, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, a method for treating diseases using the composition, and methods for preparing the novel heterocyclicalkyl derivatives. The novel heterocyclicalkyl derivatives according to the present invention are selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and may be effectively used for the treatment of histone deacetylase-mediated diseases, such as cell proliferative diseases, inflammatory diseases, autosomal dominant diseases, genetic metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, acute/chronic neurological disease, hypertrophy, heart failure, ocular diseases, or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Paragraph 258; 259; 260
(2016/12/22)
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- Nickel-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of ketones using ethanol as a solvent and a hydrogen donor
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We report a nickel(0)-catalyzed direct transfer hydrogenation (TH) of a variety of alkyl-aryl, diaryl, and aliphatic ketones with ethanol. This protocol implies a reaction in which a primary alcohol serves as a hydrogen atom source and solvent in a one-pot reaction without any added base. The catalytic activity of the nickel complex [(dcype)Ni(COD)] (e) (dcype: 1,2-bis(dicyclohexyl-phosphine)ethane, COD: 1,5-cyclooctadiene), towards transfer hydrogenation (TH) of carbonyl compounds using ethanol as the hydrogen donor was assessed using a broad scope of ketones, giving excellent results (up to 99% yield) compared to other homogeneous phosphine-nickel catalysts. Control experiments and a mercury poisoning experiment support a homogeneous catalytic system; the yield of the secondary alcohols formed in the TH reaction was monitored by gas chromatography (GC) and NMR spectroscopy.
- Castellanos-Blanco, Nahury,Arévalo, Alma,García, Juventino J.
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p. 13604 - 13614
(2016/09/04)
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- Stable and Inert Cobalt Catalysts for Highly Selective and Practical Hydrogenation of C≡N and C=O Bonds
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Novel heterogeneous cobalt-based catalysts have been prepared by pyrolysis of cobalt complexes with nitrogen ligands on different inorganic supports. The activity and selectivity of the resulting materials in the hydrogenation of nitriles and carbonyl compounds is strongly influenced by the modification of the support and the nitrogen-containing ligand. The optimal catalyst system ([Co(OAc)2/Phenα-Al2O3]-800 = Cat. E) allows for efficient reduction of both aromatic and aliphatic nitriles including industrially relevant dinitriles to primary amines under mild conditions. The generality and practicability of this system is further demonstrated in the hydrogenation of diverse aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic ketones as well as aldehydes, which are readily reduced to the corresponding alcohols.
- Chen, Feng,Topf, Christoph,Radnik, J?rg,Kreyenschulte, Carsten,Lund, Henrik,Schneider, Matthias,Surkus, Annette-Enrica,He, Lin,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 8781 - 8788
(2016/08/02)
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- Synthesis and transition metal coordination chemistry of a novel hexadentate bispidine ligand
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Reported is the new bispidine-derived hexadentate ligand L (L = 3-(2-methylpyridyl)-7-(bis-2-methylpyridyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) with two tertiary amine and four pyridine donor groups. This ligand can form heterodinuclear and mononuclear complexes and, in the mononuclear compounds discussed here, the ligand may coordinate as a pentadentate ligand, with one of the bispyridinemethane-based pyridine groups un- or semi-coordinated, or as a hexadentate ligand, leading to a pentagonal pyramidal coordination geometry or, with an additional monodentate ligand, to a heptacoordinate pentagonal bipyramidal structure. The solution and solid state data presented here indicate that, with the relatively small CuII and high-spin FeII ions the fourth pyridine group is only semi-coordinated for steric reasons and, with the larger high-spin MnII ion genuine heptacoordination is observed but with a relatively large distortion in the pentagonal equatorial plane. This journal is
- Comba, Peter,Rudolf, Henning,Wadepohl, Hubert
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p. 2724 - 2736
(2015/02/19)
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- Dipyridylketone as a versatile ligand precursor for new cationic heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium complexes
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Three new bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes, of general formula [Ir(2-phenylpyridine)2(L)]+, are reported. The compounds contain a dipyridine-type ligand (L) derived from di-2-pyridylketone (dipyridin-2-ylmethanol, 2,2′-(hydrazonomethylene)dipyridine and 3-hydroxy-3,3-di(pyridine-2-yl)propanenitrile) and were synthesized through two different reaction pathways. The alternative synthetic pathway herein proposed, namely the direct reactions on the complex [Ir(2-phenylpyridine) 2(2,2′-dipyridylketone)]+, overcame the inconveniences encountered with the standard reaction between the dimeric precursor [Ir(2-phenylpyridine)2(μ-Cl)]2 and the ancillary ligands (L). The photophysical characterization of the iridium complexes reveals that modifications on the ancillary ligand introduce large changes in the photophysical behaviour of the complexes. High emission quantum yield is associated with the presence of a saturated carbon between the two pyridyl moieties: [Ir(2-phenylpyridine)2(2,2′-dipyridylketone)] + and [Ir(2-phenylpyridine)2(2,2′- (hydrazonomethylene)dipyridine)]+ are extremely low emissive, while [Ir(2-phenylpyridine)2(dipyridin-2-ylmethanol)]+ and [Ir(2-phenylpyridine)2(3-hydroxy-3,3-di(pyridine-2-yl)propanenitrile) ]+ are good photoemitters. DFT and TD-DFT calculations confirmed the mixed LC/MLCT character of the excited states involved in the absorption and emission processes and highlighted the role of the π-conjugation between the two subunits of the ancillary ligand in determining the nature of the LUMO.
- Volpi, Giorgio,Garino, Claudio,Breuza, Emanuele,Gobetto, Roberto,Nervi, Carlo
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scheme or table
p. 1065 - 1073
(2012/03/22)
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- Immobilization of dipyridyl complex to magnetic nanoparticle via click chemistry as a recyclable catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions
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A magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-supported di(2-pyridyl)methanol palladium dichloride complex was prepared via click chemistry. The MNP-supported catalyst was evaluated in Suzuki coupling reaction in term of activity and recyclability in DMF. It was found to be highly efficient for Suzuki coupling reaction using aryl bromides as substrates and could be easily separated by an external magnet and reused in five consecutive runs without obvious loss of activity. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Lv, Guanghua,Mai, Wenpeng,Jin, Rizhe,Gao, Lianxun
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scheme or table
p. 1418 - 1422
(2009/04/06)
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- PYRIMIDINONE DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to Pyrimidinone Derivatives, compositions comprising a Pyrimidinone Derivative, and methods of using the Pyrimidinone Derivatives for treating or preventing obesity, diabetes, a metabolic disorder, a cardiovascular disease or a disorder related to the activity of G protein-coupled receptor 119 ("GPR119") in a patient.
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Page/Page column 181
(2008/12/08)
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- PEG-supported dipyridyl ligand for palladium-catalyzed Suzuki and Suzuki-type reactions in PEG and aqueous media
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An air- and water-stable PEG-supported bidentate nitrogen ligand is prepared and its applications in the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reaction of aryl halides with arylboronic acids in PEG and Suzuki-type reaction of aryl halides with sodium tetraphenylborate in aqueous media are reported. The homogeneous catalyst system is environmentally friendly and offers the advantages of high activity, reusability and easy separation. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Mai, Wenpeng,Gao, Lianxun
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p. 2553 - 2558
(2008/09/16)
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- Synthesis of bis[di(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine (BDPMA) by a novel one-pot multi-step reductive amination with molecular sieves and Zn/iPrOH
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Bis[di(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine (BDPMA) has been synthesized by refluxing di-2-pyridyl ketone and di-(2-pyridyl)methylamine in isopropanol in the presence of molecular sieves and acetic acid and subsequent reduction with zinc dust. The established methods for reductive amination, i.e. NaBH3CN, NaBH(OAc)3 and NaBH4, failed in the synthesis of BDPMA due to a disfavored equilibrium towards the imine formation and therefore long reaction times were required, involving side reactions. The presented method can be used on large-scales and tolerates aromatic heterocycles as functional groups.
- Renz, Michael,Hemmert, Catherine,Meunier, Bernard
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p. 1271 - 1273
(2007/10/03)
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- BENZOXAZINONE DERIVATIVE
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A benzoxazinone derivative represented by general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and an anti-inflammatory, a neutrophil infiltration inhibitor and a serine protease inhibitor each containing the derivative as an active ingredient, wherein R, R1, R2 and R3 may be the same or different from one another and each represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; A represents optionally halogenated phenyl, heterocycle or adamantyl; B represents hydrogen or optionally halogenated phenyl or heterocycle; U represents =CH-, =C= or =N-; V represents -O-, -CH2-, =N-, -NH-, -CH= or a single bond; X represents -O-, =CH-, -CH2- or a single bond; Y represents -CH2-, -NH-, -O- or a single bond; Z represents -CO- or -CH2-; and l represents an integer of 0 to 3. This compound has excellent activities of inhibiting serine protease, neutrotaxis, and infiltration of neutrophils into carragheenin-induced pneumocephalus.ψ
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- Synthesis of ω-(Bromomethyl)bipyridines and Related ω-(Bromomethyl)pyridinoheteroaromatics: Useful Functional Tools for Ligands in Host Molecules
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Pyridines and 2,2'-bipyridines have been employed as useful ligands in molecular recognition chemistries.Halomethyl-substituted bipyridine or oligopyridine derivatives were required for the assembly of bipyridine or oligopyridine units with a supporting mother functional part in artificial biofunctional molecules.A series of ω-(bromomethyl)bipyridines and related ω-(bromomethyl)pyridinoheteroaromatic compounds (types I-III) were synthesized in this paper.Preparation of oligopyridines and pyridinoheteroaromatic compounds have been carried out by either intermolecular ligand coupling of alkyl heteroaryl sulfoxide with pyridyllithium or intramolecular ligand coupling of pyridyl heteroaryl sulfoxide with methylmagnesium bromide for the type I compounds.The type II and III compounds were synthesized by addition of pyridyllithium to pyridinecarboxaldehyde.The ω-bromo group was introduced by radical bromination reaction of methylpyridyl group using NBS and BPO (dibenzoyl peroxide) or bromination of ω-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine using a combination of CBr4 and Ph3P.
- Uenishi, Jun'ichi,Tanaka, Takakazu,Nishiwaki, Kenji,Wakabayashi, Shoji,Oae, Shigeru,Tsukube, Hiroshi
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p. 4382 - 4388
(2007/10/02)
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- Redox-Photosesitized Reactions. 13. Ru(bpy)32+ -Photosensitized Reactions of an NADH Model, 1-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide, with Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds and Comparision with Thermal Reactions
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Photosensitized reactions of 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) with aromatic carbonyl compounds (1a-f) by Ru(bpy)32+ have been investigated.The reduction to the corresponding alcohols occurs with di-2-pyridyl ketone (1a) in a quantitative yield and with methyl benzoylformate (1b) in a 18percent yield.Noteworthy is the efficient formation of 1:1 adducts 4b-f, a new class of 4-alkyl 1,4-dihydronicotamides, in 55-85percent isolated yields; 4b is a single isomer of a condensed bicyclic imide, whereas the other adducts are obtained as diastereoisomeric mixtures.In the case oftrifluoroacetophenone (1c), the diastereoisomeric 6-alkylated 1,6-dihydronicotamides (4c') are formed as minor 1:1 adducts.The structure of each adduct has been determined by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies with one exception (4d).The mechanism of the photosensitized reactions is discussed in terms of sequential indirect electron-proton transfer from BNAH to 1a-f followed by electron transfer or cross-coupling between radical intermediates.On the other hand thermal reactions of NAH with 1a-e in the dark give neither the adduct nor the half-oxidized dimers of BNAH but the alcohols.It is suggested that electron-transfer mechanisms are not responsible for the thermal reactions.
- Ishitani, Osamu,Yanagida, Shozo,Takamuku, Setsuo,Pac, Chyongjin
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p. 2790 - 2796
(2007/10/02)
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- Formation of a Novel Type of Adduct between an NADH Model and Carbonyl Compounds by Photosensitization Using Ru(bpy)32+
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The Ru(bpy)32+-photosensitized reaction of 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide with several aromatic carbonyl compounds gave 1:1 adducts of the 4-substituted dihydronicotinamide structure in moderate to good yields along with less efficient reduction or no reduction to the corresponding alcohols; di-2-pyridyl ketone was exclusively reduced to the alcohol.
- Ishitani, Osamu,Pac, Chyongjin,Sakurai, Hiroshi
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p. 2941 - 2942
(2007/10/02)
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