- Synthesis and evaluation of new phenyl acrylamide derivatives as potent non-nucleoside anti-HBV agents
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As a continuation of our previous work, a series of new phenyl acrylamide derivatives (4Aa-g, 4Ba-t, 5 and 6a-c) were designed and synthesized as non-nucleoside anti-HBV agents. Among them, compound 4Bs could potently inhibit HBV DNA replication in wild-type and lamivudine (3TC)/entecavir resistant HBV mutant strains with IC50 values of 0.19 and 0.18 μM, respectively. Notably, the selective index value of 4Bs was above 526, indicating the favorable safety profile. Interestingly, unlike nucleoside analogue 3TC, 4Bs could significantly inhibit 3.5 kb pgRNA expression. Molecular docking study revealed that 4Bs could fit well into the dimer-dimer interface of HBV core protein by hydrophobic, π–π and H-bond interactions. Considering the potent anti-HBV activity, low toxicity and diverse anti-HBV mechanism from that of nucleoside anti-HBV agent 3TC, compound 4Bs might be a promising lead to develop novel non-nucleoside anti-HBV therapeutic agents, and warranted further investigation.
- Gu, Xiaoke,Zhang, Yinpeng,Zou, Yueting,Li, Xin,Guan, Mingyu,Zhou, Qingqing,Qiu, Jingying
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- Discovery of N-(2-(Benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl)benzamide analogs as a novel scaffold of pancreatic β-cell protective agents against endoplasmic reticulum stress
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death play important roles in the development of diabetes. The 1,2,3-triazole derivative 1 is one of only a few structures that have thus far been identified that protect β cells against ER stress. However, this compound has narrow activity range and limited aqueous solubility. To overcome these, we designed and synthesized a new scaffold in which the triazole pharmacophore was substituted with a glycine-like amino acid. Structure–activity relationship studies on this scaffold identified a N-(2-(Benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl)benzamide analog WO5m that possesses β-cell protective activity against ER stress with much improved potency (maximal activity at 100% with EC50 at 0.1?±?0.01?μm) and water solubility. Identification of this novel β-cell protective scaffold thus provides a new promising modality for the treatment of diabetes.
- Eeda, Venkateswararao,Herlea-Pana, Oana,Lim, Hui-Ying,Wang, Weidong
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p. 388 - 393
(2020/01/02)
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- Synthesis of Novel Benzamide- piperazine-sulfonamide Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents
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The synthesis of a series of substituted hippuric acid (2-benzamidoacetic acid) derivatives containing arylsulfonylpiperazine nucleus (3a–j, 4a–j) is described. The compounds were synthesized by coupling hippuric/4-fluorohippuric acid with various arylsulfonylpiperazines using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide (EDCI). The structures of all the new compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR and MS spectral data. All the synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity towards five human cancer cell lines of different origins viz. HeLa (Cervical), A549 (Lung), A375 (Skin), MD-AMB-231(Breast) and T98G (brain) and their IC50 values were determined. Among the compounds tested, 3b, 3d, 3g, 4c and 4e displayed significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 24.2–38.2 μM). T98G was the most sensitive cell line towards the compounds studied followed by HeLa, A375, A549 and MD-AMB-231.
- Ramalingeswara Rao,Mohana Rao Katiki,Dileep Kommula,SaiShyam Narayanan,Ruby John Anto,Murty
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p. 393 - 402
(2019/12/12)
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- PPAR AGONISTS, COMPOUNDS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Provided herein are compounds and compositions useful in increasing PPARδ activity. The compounds and compositions provided herein are useful for the treatment of PPARδ related diseases (e.g., muscular diseases, vascular disease, demyelinating disease, and metabolic diseases).
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Page/Page column 45; 50
(2017/11/10)
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- Synthesis and biological testing of (5Z)-2-aryl-5-arylmethylidene-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ones as antimitotic agents
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Compounds interacting with cell protein tubulin and microtubules represent an important type of antimitotic agents. A series of tubulin-targeted 2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazoles were reported to possess high cytotoxicity, and so, we prepared a series of structural isomers of these to be evaluated as antimitotic agents. The synthesis of the novel (Z)-2-aryl-5-arylmethylidene-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ones involved coupling of substituted hippuric acids with aromatic aldehydes. Subsequent conversion of the resulting oxazolones to the corresponding imidazolones was carried out under microwave irradiation in the presence of urea and ammonium acetate. The cytotoxicity of the majority of the compounds to human epithelial carcinoma cancer cell line A549 was in the sub-micromolar range and was found to be more sensitive to the substituents on the 5-arylmethylidene fragment than on the 2-aryl ring in general. The cytotoxicities of the synthesized compounds were lower than those of the previously reported isomeric 2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazoles, and the basic structure–activity relationships in the isomeric pairs were different. Synthesized (5Z)-5-[(4-bromophenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one, which had the highest cytotoxicity (IC50?~?440?nM) in the series of novel compounds, had a definite cytostatic effect on the A549 cells, but its antiproliferative properties were not linked to action on the microtubules. This would be an interesting lead compound for additional investigation into the mechanism of cytostatic action, and further structural optimization.
- Beloglazkina, Anastasia A.,Wobith, Birgit,Barskaia, Elena S.,Zefirov, Nikolay A.,Majouga, Alexander G.,Beloglazkina, Elena K.,Zyk, Nikolay V.,Kuznetsov, Sergei A.,Zefirova, Olga N.
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p. 1239 - 1249
(2016/07/06)
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- Palladium-catalyzed ortho-arylation of benzoic acid derivatives via C-H bond activation using an aminoacetic acid bidentate directing group
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A highly efficient protocol for the palladium-catalyzed ortho-arylation of benzoic acid derivatives by aryl iodides is described with an aminoacetic acid based N,O bidentate directing group. This protocol can be applied to various benzoyl aminoacetic acids and aryl iodides with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. Remarkably, the nature of a new directing group drives selective C-H bond activation to afford only monoarylation products in good to excellent yields.
- Zhou, Xiaomeng,Wang, Qing,Zhao, Weihua,Xu, Songsong,Zhang, Wei,Chen, Junmin
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supporting information
p. 851 - 855
(2015/01/30)
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- Synthesis of di- and tri-substituted imidazole-4-carboxylates via PBu3-mediated [3+2] cycloaddition
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Some new di- and trisubstituted imidazole-4-carboxylates were prepared from amidoacetic acids 3 in the present report. The key step to establish such imidazole- 4-carboxylates stemmed from the PBu3-mediated [3+2] cycloaddition between in situ-generated Δ2-oxazolinone 4 and ethyl cyanoformate6. Our results indicated that trisubstituted imidazoles 7-20 were afforded in better yields than those of disubstituted imidazoles 21-27. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications1 to view the free supplemental file. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Hsu, Mei-Yuan,Dietrich, Justin,Hulme, Christopher,Shaw, Arthur Y.
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p. 1538 - 1542
(2013/05/21)
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- A convenient method for synthesis of 5-chloro-2-aryloxazole-4-carbaldehyde with vilsmeier reagent
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A convenient method for synthesis of 5-chloro-2-aryloxazole-4-carbaldehyde 3 in moderate to good yields had been developed via the Vilsmeier reaction of readily available N-arylglycine 2 at 100 °C, provided a novel route for the construction of nitrogen heterocycles. A series of these compounds were synthesized by this method and optimization of conditions was performed. The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry.
- Jin, Can,Chen, Jun,Su, Weike
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experimental part
p. 153 - 161
(2011/04/21)
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- Phenylpropenamide derivatives: Anti-hepatitis B virus activity of the Z isomer, SAR and the search for novel analogs
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Phenylpropenamides have been reported to be a class of non-nucleoside inhibitors of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This class of compounds was explored with the objective of developing potent anti-HBV agents, with a novel mechanism of action, that could be combined with nucleos(t)ide analogs currently used to treat HBV infection. To accomplish this objective a series of substituted arylpropenamide derivatives were prepared and the E and Z geometrical isomers were separated. The structural identity of each of the E and Z isomers was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Contrary to previous reports, the activity of this class of molecules resides in the Z isomer. Further structure-activity relationship studies around the active Z isomer identified compounds that displayed potent antiviral activity against HBV with EC90 value of approximately 0.5 μM in vitro. Attempts to develop ring constrained analogs did not lead to active HBV inhibitors.
- Wang, Peiyuan,Naduthambi, Devan,Mosley, Ralph T.,Niu, Congrong,Furman, Phillip A.,Otto, Michael J.,Sofia, Michael J.
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scheme or table
p. 4642 - 4647
(2011/09/12)
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- Substituents effect on the erlenmeyer-ploechl reaction: Understanding an observed process reaction time
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A systematic study on hippuric acid substituents was performed in order to better understand the influence of stereoelectronic factors on the Erlenmeyer reaction rate. In addition, two reaction systems were evaluated: Huenig's base solvent free conditions and catalytic sodium acetate in 2-methyl-THF. The effect on reaction rate of electron withdrawing and electron donating groups are reported. Specifically, the study led to the conclusion that stereoelectronic factors have significant influence in one of our key Erlenmeyer reaction by affecting its reaction rate.
- Chavez, Flavio,Kennedy, Nicole,Rawalpally, Thimma,Williamson, R. Thomas,Cleary, Thomas
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experimental part
p. 579 - 584
(2011/07/08)
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- Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of a F-18-labeled pancreatic islet amyloid inhibitor
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Formation of islet amyloid deposits contributes to the progressive loss of beta-cells in Type 2 diabetes. Islet amyloid is composed of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). [(N-Me)G24, (N-Me)I26]hIAPP(22-27) peptide was found to bind hum
- Pathuri, Gopal,Agashe, Hrushikesh B.,Awasthi, Vibhudutta,Gali, Hariprasad
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experimental part
p. 186 - 191
(2011/08/06)
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- Development of fluorine-18-labeled 5-HT(1A) antagonists
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We have synthesized five fluorinated derivatives of WAY 100635, N-{2- [4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazino]ethyl)-N-(2-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (4a), using various acids in place of the cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHCA, 2a) in the reaction scheme. The five acids are 4-fluorobenzoic acid (FB, 2b), 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoic acid (MeFB, 2c), trans-4- fluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (FC, 2d), 4-(fluoromethyl)benzoic acid (FMeB, 2e), and 3-nitro-4(fluoromethyl)benzoic acid (NFMeB, 2f) (see Scheme 1). These compounds were radiolabeled with fluorine-18, and their biological properties were evaluated in rats and compared with those of [11C]carbonyl WAY 100635 ([carbonyl-11C]4a). [Carbonyl-11C]4a cleared the brain with a biological half-life averaging 41 min. The metabolite-corrected blood radioactivity had a half-life of 29 min. [18F]FCWAY ([18F]4d) gave half- lives and intercepts comparable to [carbonyl11C]4a in the brain, but the blood clearance was faster. [18F]FBWAY ([18F]4b) showed an early rapid net efflux from the whole brain, clearing with a biological half-life of 35 min. The metabolite-corrected blood half-life was 41 min. The comparable whole brain and blood half-lives for Me[18F]FBWAY ([18F]4c) were 16 and 18 min, respectively. For each compound, the corresponding carboxylic acid was identified as a major metabolite in blood. Fluoride was also found after injection of [18F]4d. However, for all compounds there was a good correlation (R > 0.97) between the differential uptake ratio (DUR, (%ID/g) x body weight (g)/100) in individual rat brain regions at 30 min after injection and the concentration of receptors as determined by in vitro quantitative autoradiography in rat. Specific binding ratios [region of interest (ROI)/cerebellum-1] in control studies for cortex (Ctx) and hippocampus (H) were higher for [carbonyl11C]4a and [18F]4d compared to [18F]4b and [18F]4c. [18F]4d has similar pharmacokinetic properties and comparable specific binding ratios to [carbonyl-11C]4a. Fifty nanomoles of 4a blocked only 30% of the specific binding of [18F]4d, while complete blockade was obtained from co-injection of 200 nmol of 4a (H/Cb-1 from 17.2 to 0.6). [18F]4b and [18F]4c showed lower specific binding ratios than [carbonyl-11C]4a and [18F]4d. [18F]4c was superior to [18F]4b since its specific binding was more readily blocked by 4a. These studies suggest that [18F]4c should be a useful compound to assess dynamic changes in serotonin levels while [18F]4d, with its high contrast and F-18 label, should provide better statistics and quantification for static measurement of 5-HT(1A) receptor distribution.
- Lang, Lixin,Jagoda, Elaine,Schmall, Bernard,Vuong, Bik-Kee,Adams, H. Richard,Nelson, David L.,Carson, Richard E.,Eckelman, William C.
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p. 1576 - 1586
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and aldose reductase inhibitory activity of benzoyl-amino acid derivatives
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A series of N-(4-methoxy, 4-fluoro, 4-trifluoromethyl and 4-nitrobenzoyl)-L-amino acids was synthesized and their inhibitory activity towards bovine lens aldose reductase (ALR2) was tested.
- Benvenuti, Stefania,Severi, Fabio,Costantino, Luca,Vampa, Gabriella,Melegari, Michele
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p. 439 - 442
(2007/10/03)
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- Oxazolinone compounds useful as intermediates for the preparation of insecticidal and acaricidal agents
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The present invention relates to novel oxazolinone compounds and a method for the preparation thereof. These compounds are useful intermediates in the preparation of cinnamamide insecticides and acaricides.
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- New oxazolinone compounds useful as intermediates for the preparation of insecticidal and acaracidal cinnamide compounds
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The present invention relates to novel cinna-mamide compounds and oxazolinone compounds and processes for the preparation thereof. The compounds of the invention are useful for controlling insects and acarina and the oxazolinone also are useful intermedia
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- Insecticidal cinnamamide compounds and method for controlling insects therewith
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The present invention relates to novel cinnamamide compounds and a process for the preparation thereof. The compounds of the invention are useful for controlling insects and acarina.
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- Investigations on the pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the analgesic flupirtine in rat and dog
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Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of 14C-labelled ethyl-N-[2-amino-6-(4-fluorophenylmethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]carbamate maleate (flupirtine maleate, D 9998 maleate) was studied in rats and dogs. The drug was rapidly and completely absorbed after peroral administration in both species. The kinetics of the plasma levels after intravenous administration show a short distribution phase followed by an elimination phase with half-lives between 2 and 3 h. Similar half-lives were observed after peroral administration: 2.2 h in the rat and 2.6 h in the dog. Renal excretion amounts to 20% (rat) and 36% (dog) after i.v. administration. The major part of the dose is excreted via the feces. The drug is reversibly distributed to the tissues. Similar concentrations appear in the well-perfused organs. A brain/plasma concentration ratio of ≥1 was found and is a favourable prerequisite for a centrally acting analgesic. Insight into the biotransformation pathways of 14C-flupirtine maleate was obtained by structure determination of urinary metabolites. The urinary radioactivity of the rat consisted practically exclusively of p-fluoro-hippuric acid that is generated by an oxidative metabolic degradation of flupirtine. Dog urine, too, contains this metabolite, accompanied, however, by the drug excreted unchanged and by a further metabolite structurally very similar to flupirtine. The latter metabolite is formed via acetylation of an in vivo hydrolysis product of flupirtine and retains 1/4 of the analgesic potency of flupirtine. Regarding the patterns of excretion and of biotransformation, the dog represents an intermediate between rat and man.
- Obermeier,Niebch,Thiemer
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- Investigations on the pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the analgesic flupirtine in man
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The pharmacokinetics of the analgesic flupirtine (ethyl-N-[2-amino-6-(4-fluorophenylmethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]carbamate, , D 9998) were examined in healthy volunteers after a single intravenous, peroral and rectal dose. Plasma and urine concentrations were
- Hlavica,Niebch
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