- 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran analogues of hallucinogenic phenethylamines
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Two 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran analogues of hallucinogenic amphetamines were prepared and evaluated for activity in the two-lever drug-discrimination paradigm in rats trained to discriminate saline from LSD tartrate (0.08 mg/kg) and for the ability to displace [125I]-(R)-DOI ([125I]-(R)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane) from rat cortical homogenate 5-HT2 receptors. The compounds, 1-(5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane (6a) and its 7-brominated analogue 6b, possessed activity comparable to their conformationally flexible counterparts 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (3) and its 4-bromo derivative DOB (5), respectively. The results suggest that the dihydrofuran ring in 6a and 6b models the active conformation of the 5-methoxy groups in 3 and 5. Free energy of binding, derived from radioligand displacement K(A) values, indicated that addition of the bromine in either series contributes 2.4-3.2 kcal/mol of binding energy. On the basis of surface area of the bromine atom, this value is 2-3 times higher than would be expected on the basis of hydrophobic binding. Thus, hydrophobicity of the para substituent alone cannot account for the dramatic enhancement of hallucinogenic activity. Although this substituent may play a minor role in orienting the conformation of the 5-methoxy group in derivatives such as 4 and 5, there appears to be some other, as yet unknown, critical receptor interaction.
- Nichols,Snyder,Oberlender,Johnson,Huang
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- PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORTHO-ALLYLATED HYDROXY ARYL COMPOUNDS
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The present application describes process for preparing an ortho-allylated hydroxy aryl compounds such as compounds of Formula (I) by reacting an allylic alcohol with a hydroxy aryl compound in the presence of aluminum compound selected from alumina and aluminum alkoxides and in a non-protic solvent wherein at least one carbon atom ortho to the hydroxy group in the hydroxy aryl compound is unsubstituted. The present application also includes compounds of Formula (I).
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Paragraph 00338; 00342-00344
(2021/12/08)
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- Para -Selective hydroxylation of alkyl aryl ethers
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para-Selective hydroxylation of alkyl aryl ethers is established, which proceeds with a ruthenium(ii) catalyst, hypervalent iodine(iii) and trifluoroacetic anhydride via a radical mechanism. This protocol tolerates a wide scope of substrates and provides a facile and efficient method for preparing clinical drugs monobenzone and pramocaine on a gram scale.
- Zhu, Runqing,Sun, Qianqian,Li, Jing,Li, Luohao,Gao, Qinghe,Wang, Yakun,Fang, Lizhen
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supporting information
p. 13190 - 13193
(2021/12/16)
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- HEMOGLOBIN MODIFIER COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF
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Described herein are compounds, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat, prevent or diagnose blood-based diseases, disorders or conditions.
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- SUBSTITUTED ALKYNYL PHENOXY COMPOUNDS AS NEW SYNERGISTS IN PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS
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A composition comprising an alkynyl phenoxy compound of Formula (I) as a synergist and a pesticidal active ingredient is described, wherein R1 and R2, similar or different, are (C1-C4)alkyl or R1O- an
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Page/Page column 30
(2011/04/13)
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- Substituted alkynyl phenoxy compounds and their uses
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An alkynyl phenoxy compound of Formula (I) is described, wherein R1 and R2, similar or different, are (C1-C4)alkyl or R1O- and R2O- together represent a group -O-CH2-O-, -O-CH(CH
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Page/Page column 15
(2011/04/14)
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- PYRAZINES AS DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR MODULATORS
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Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating various diseases, syndromes, conditions and disorders, including pain. Such compounds are represented by Formula I as follows: wherein R1, R2, R3, L, X, and Y are defined herein.
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- INHIBITORS OF ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE
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The present invention relates to compounds that act as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors. The invention also relates to methods of preparing the compounds, compositions containing the compounds, and to methods of treatment using the compounds.
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Page/Page column 60-61
(2010/11/17)
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- Therapeutic diphenyl ether ligands
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This invention is directed to compounds of formula Ia, Ib or Ic and to pharmaceutical compositions thereof: or a prodrug thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the R groups are defined in the specification; and, in which the dashed line represents an optional double bond. The invention is also directed to methods of treating, diagnosing, and preventing disorders of the central nervous system that are associated with 5HT receptors, including obesity, attention deficit disorder, migraine, depression, epilepsy, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, withdrawal from drug abuse, pain, schizophrenia, stress-related disorders, panic disorder, sleep disorders, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic-stress syndrome, immune system depression, stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction, stress-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, and sexual dysfunction.
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Page/Page column 33
(2010/10/20)
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- Formal Radical Cyclization onto Benzene Rings: A General Method and Its Use in the Synthesis of ent-Nocardione A
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An indirect method is described for effecting radical cyclization onto a benzene ring. Cross-conjugated dienones 6, which are readily prepared from phenols, undergo radical cyclization (6 → 7 → 8), and the products (8) are easily aromatized. The method ha
- Clive, Derrick L. J.,Fletcher, Stephen P.,Liu, Dazhan
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p. 3282 - 3293
(2007/10/03)
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- Formal radical cyclization onto benzene rings - A general method proceeding via cross-conjugated dienones
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Cross-conjugated dienones of type 5 (X = I), which are readily available from phenols, undergo radical cyclization (5 → 6 → 7), and the products are easily aromatized (7 → 8), giving substances that are formally derived by radical cyclization onto a benze
- Clive, Derrick L. J.,Fletcher, Stephen P.,Zhu, Mingzhao
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p. 526 - 527
(2007/10/03)
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- A biomimetic approach to dihydrobenzofuran synthesis
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A method for an acid-catalyzed construction of dihydrobenzofuran heterocycles (14) from 2-(2′-hydroxyethyl)quinone precursors 10 is presented. The putative oxonium ion intermediate 17 formed by an intramolecular hydroxyl cyclization followed by dehydration is reduced in situ by an added dihydroquinone source. Good to excellent yields of cyclized products are realized in all cases except for highly electron deficient systems, and these suffer reduction prior to oxonium ion formation. All products are monomeric and derived from a two-electron transfer except for 10g, which affords the dimeric dihydrobenzofuran. The amount of cyclization or reduction product is governed by the HOMO/LUMO gap between the quinone substrate and the dihydroquinone additive, and the product distribution can be adjusted by modifying the electronic properties of the added reducing agent.
- Benbow,Katoch-Rouse
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p. 4965 - 4972
(2007/10/03)
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- 2,3-Dihydro-5-benzofuranols as antioxidant-based inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis
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The enzymes that catalyze the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid have provided fertile ground for the development of useful therapeutic agents for nearly a quarter century. Inhibitors of the enzyme cyclooxygenase prevent the formation of the prostag
- Hammond,Kopka,Zambias,Caldwell,Boger,Baker,Bach,Luell,MacIntyre
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p. 1006 - 1020
(2007/10/02)
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- The Synthesis of 5-Substituted 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans
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The preparation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans 6 from 2-(2-bromophenoxy)ethyl chlorides 3 by reaction with magnesium in a development of the Parham cyclialkylation reaction is described.A high yielding procedure using phase-transfer catalysis has also been developed for the preparation of the intermediate chloroethyl ethers 3 from bromophenols 2.The 5-hydroxy derivative 15 may be obtained from 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (6a) by reaction with electrophilic reagents followed by oxidation.
- Alabaster, Ramon J.,Cottrell, Ian F.,Marley, Hugh,Wright, Stanley H. B.
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p. 950 - 952
(2007/10/02)
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