Formation of Acetals and Ketals from Carbonyl Compounds: A New and Highly Efficient Method Inspired by Cationic Palladium
The development of a new, highly efficient, and simple method for masking carbonyl groups as acetals and ketals is described. This methodology relies on the nature of the palladium catalyst to direct the acetalization/ketalization reaction. This new protocol is mild and proceed with a very low catalyst loading at ambient temperatures. The method has been extended to a wide variety of different carbonyl compounds with various steric encumbrances to form the corresponding acetals and ketals in excellent yields.
Gallium triiodide as a highly efficient and mild catalyst for the diethyl acetalization of carbonyl compounds
Diethyl acetals were obtained from carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions in the presence of triethyl orthoformate and a catalytic amount of gallium triiodide in anhydrous ethanol.
A highly efficient and chemoselective method for acetalization of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by TiO2/SO42- solid superacid
Various types of aldehydes and ketones could be converted to their corresponding diethyl acetals with triethylorthoformate in the presence of TiO2/SO42- solid superacid in good to excellent yield under mild reaction conditions.
A simple and versatile method for the synthesis of acetals from aldehydes and ketones using bismuth triflate
Acetals are obtained in good yields by treatment of aldehydes and ketones with trialkyl orthoformate and the corresponding alcohol in the presence of 0.1 mol % Bi(OTf)3·4H2O. A simple procedure for the formation of acetals of diaryl ketones has also been developed. The conversion of carbonyl compounds to the corresponding 1,3-dioxolane using ethylene glycol is also catalyzed by Bi(OTf)3· 4H2O (1 mol %). Two methods, both of which avoid the use of benzene, have been developed.
Leonard, Nicholas M.,Oswald, Matthew C.,Freiberg, Derek A.,Nattier, Bryce A.,Smith, Russell C.,Mohan, Ram S.
p. 5202 - 5207
(2007/10/03)
Solvent free protection of carbonyl group under microwave irradiation
Protection of aldehydes and ketones as acetals or dioxolanes catalysed by PTSA or KSF clay was readily achieved from orthoformates, 1,2-ethanediol or 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane without solvent under microwave irradiation.
Perio, Bertrand,Dozias, Marie-Joelle,Jacquault, Patrick,Hamelin, Jack
p. 7867 - 7870
(2007/10/03)
THE REACTION OF ACETALS WITH ALIPHATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS. 1. THE SYNTHESIS OF α-NITROSUCCINIC ESTERS
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Kochetkov, K. A.,Babievskii, K. K.,Belikov, V. M.,Garbalinskaya, N. S.,Bakhmutov, V. I.
p. 458 - 461
(2007/10/02)
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