- Structure-Kinetic Profiling of Haloperidol Analogues at the Human Dopamine D2 Receptor
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Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic drug (APD) associated with an increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs) and hyperprolactinemia relative to atypical APDs such as clozapine. Both drugs are dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonists, with contrasting kinetic profiles. Haloperidol displays fast association/slow dissociation at the D2R, whereas clozapine exhibits relatively slow association/fast dissociation. Recently, we have provided evidence that slow dissociation from the D2R predicts hyperprolactinemia, whereas fast association predicts EPS. Unfortunately, clozapine can cause severe side effects independent of its D2R action. Our results suggest an optimal kinetic profile for D2R antagonist APDs that avoids EPS. To begin exploring this hypothesis, we conducted a structure-kinetic relationship study of haloperidol and revealed that subtle structural modifications dramatically change binding kinetic rate constants, affording compounds with a clozapine-like kinetic profile. Thus, optimization of these kinetic parameters may allow development of novel APDs based on the haloperidol scaffold with improved side-effect profiles.
- Fyfe, Tim J.,Kellam, Barrie,Sykes, David A.,Capuano, Ben,Scammells, Peter J.,Lane, J. Robert,Charlton, Steven J.,Mistry, Shailesh N.
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p. 9488 - 9520
(2019/11/11)
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- Remote C(sp3)-H Oxygenation of Protonated Aliphatic Amines with Potassium Persulfate
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This letter describes the development of a method for selective remote C(sp3)-H oxygenation of protonated aliphatic amines using aqueous potassium persulfate. Protonation serves to deactivate the proximal C(sp3)-H bonds of the amine substrates and also renders the amines soluble in the aqueous medium. These reactions proceed under relatively mild conditions (within 2 h at 80 °C with amine as limiting reagent) and do not require a transition metal catalyst. This method is applicable to a variety of types of C(sp3)-H bonds, including 3°, 2°, and benzylic C-H sites in primary, secondary, and tertiary amine substrates.
- Lee, Melissa,Sanford, Melanie S.
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supporting information
p. 572 - 575
(2017/02/10)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of picolinamides as potent inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1)
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Synthesis of a series of 6-substituted picolinamide derivatives and their inhibitory activities against 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 are described. Optimization of the initial hit compound, N-cyclohexyl-6-(piperidin-1-yl)picolinamide (1) from high throughput screening of in-house library resulted in the discovery of the highly potent and metabolically stable compound 25, which was efficacious in a mouse ex vivo pharmacodynamic model and reduced the fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in a HF/STZ mouse model after oral dosing.
- Ryu, Je Ho,Kim, Shinae,Han, Hye Young,Son, Hyun Joo,Lee, Hyun Jung,Shin, Young Ah,Kim, Jae-Sun,Park, Hyeung-Geun
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p. 695 - 700
(2015/01/30)
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- DIPHENYLBUTYPIPERIDINE AUTOPHAGY INDUCERS
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Autophagy inducing compounds, methods of their preparation and use, and kits containg said compounds are disclosed herein.
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- Synthesis and SAR study of diphenylbutylpiperidines as cell autophagy inducers
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A novel series of diphenylbutylpiperidines as autophagy inducers was described and extensive SAR studies resulted in derivatives (15d-e, 15i-j) with 10-fold greater activity than the lead compounds 1 and 2. Meanwhile, a new synthetic route to diphenylbutyl bromide (6) from bromobenzene and γ-butyrolactone was also reported here.
- Chen, Gang,Xia, Hongguang,Cai, Yu,Ma, Dawei,Yuan, Junying,Yuan, Chengye
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scheme or table
p. 234 - 239
(2011/02/26)
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- Benzofuran derivatives, pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and a process for the preparation of the active ingredient
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The present invention is a piperazinylalkylbenzofuran derivative of the formula wherein R1 represents a C1-4 alkyl group, R2 stands for a hydrogen atom, X means an oxygen atom, Y is a hydroxyl group, Z represents a hydrogen atom, Ar′ represents a diphenylmethyl group, a pyridyl group, a partially saturated 5-membered heterocyclic group or a phenyl group, n has a value of 0 or 1, and pharmaceutically suitable acid addition salts thereof.
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- Benzothiazole derivatives with activity as adenosine receptor ligands
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The present invention relates to substituted benzothiazole derivitives and to their pharmaceutically acceptable salts useful for the treatment of diseases related to the adenosine receptor.
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- Pharmacophore-based discovery, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-phenyl-1-arylalkyl piperidines as dopamine transporter inhibitors
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Pharmacophore-based discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a series of 4-phenyl-1-arylalkyl piperidines are disclosed. These compounds have been evaluated for their ability to inhibit reuptake of dopamine (DA) into striatal nerve endings (synaptosomes). The lead compound 5 and the most potent analogue 43 were found to have significant functional antagonism.
- Sakamuri, Sukumar,Enyedy, Istvan J,Kozikowski, Alan P,Zaman, Wahiduz A,Johnson, Kenneth M,Wang, Shaomeng
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p. 495 - 500
(2007/10/03)
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- ?-Allyl palladium methodology for selective deprotection of allylamines. Practical synthesis of secondary amines
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The palladium-promoted deallylation of allylamines derived from primary and secondary amines is achieved with high to quantitative yield in the presence of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid as an allyl scavenger.This method was used for the sequential cleavage of diallylamines.A synthetic application of this procedure is presented in the preparation of secondary amines from diallylamines. - Keywords: allylamine; deallylation; sequential deprotection; ?-allyl palladium complexes; 2-mercaptobenzoic acid; substitution of amines
- Lemarie-Audoire, Sandrine,Savignac, Monique,Dupuis, Christophe,Genet, Jean Pierre
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p. 1157 - 1166
(2007/10/03)
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- Combined analgesic/neuroleptic activity in N-butylrophenone prodine-like compounds
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Some 4-phenyl-4-piperidinols, corresponding esters, and related compounds with a p-fluorobutyrophenone chain on nitrogen were synthesized and evaluated in in vitro and in vivo tests in order to examined their ability to interact contemporaneously with opioid and dopamine receptors. The propionyloxy derivatives showed a good combination of analgesic and neuroleptic activity. With a 3-methyl substituent on the piperidine ring, the β-configuration was the more active form not only for analgesic activity, as expected from previous results on prodines, but also for neuroleptic activity. Haloperidol and its propionate were also tested as reference compounds.
- Iorio,Raymer,Frigeni
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p. 1906 - 1910
(2007/10/02)
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