cas 408492-27-3, 2,6-DICHLORO-4-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIDINE

Articles about 408492-27-3Total 29 be found

Article title
Article abstract
Author
Journal number and time
Download

Design and Synthesis of Tunable Ligands with 4,4′-Bipyridyl as an Electron-Accepting Unit and Their Rhenium Complexes
We have designed and prepared a series of rhenium complexes with 4,4′-bipyridyl as an electron-accepting unit. Electrochemical studies revealed that oxidation and reduction of these complexes occurred on the rhenium center and the 4,4′-bipyridyl skeleton, respectively. The redox potentials of the rhenium complexes are controllable by tuning the substituents on the 4,4′-bipyridyl skeleton and the coordinating groups to the rhenium center. We have also examined the reactivity of the rhenium complexes in electrochemical and photochemical CO2 reduction.
Kamatsuka, Takuto,Shinokubo, Hiroshi,Miyake, Yoshihiro
p. 3429 - 3434
(2017)
Read Online

Metal-Templated Oligomeric Macrocyclization via Coupling for Metal-Doped π-Systems
A method for the synthesis of metal-doped aromatic macrocycles has been developed. The method, i.e., metal-templated oligomeric macrocyclization via coupling, adopts Ni as the template and assembles five pyridine units via a Ni-mediated coupling reaction
Ikemoto, Koki,Isobe, Hiroyuki,Matsuno, Taisuke,Miyachi, Akira,Muto, Hitomi,Sasakawa, Hiroaki,Yang, Seungmin
supporting information
p. 15017 - 15021
(2021/09/30)

Understanding the Activation of Air-Stable Ir(COD)(Phen)Cl Precatalyst for C-H Borylation of Aromatics and Heteroaromatics
A newly developed robust catalyst [Ir(COD)(Phen)Cl] (A) was used for the C-H borylation of three dozen aromatics and heteroaromatics with excellent yield and selectivity. Activation of the catalyst was identified by the use of catalytic amounts of water, alcohols, etc., when B2pin2 was used in noncoordinating solvents, while for THF catalytic use of HBpin was required. The results were on par with the in situ based expensive system [Ir(OMe)(COD)]2/dtbbpy or Me4Phen.
Slack, Eric D.,Colacot, Thomas J.
supporting information
p. 1561 - 1565
(2021/02/20)

TRI-SUBSTITUTED ARYL AND HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES AS MODULATORS OF PI3-KINASE AND AUTOPHAGY PATHWAYS
The present disclosure relates to tri-substituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them, including methods for modulating autophagy or preventing, reversing, slowing or inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway, and methods of treating diseases that are associated with autophagy or the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway.
-
Paragraph 0342

(2019/11/04)

NNB-type tridentate boryl ligands enabling a highly active iridium catalyst for C–H borylation
Boryl ligands play a very important role in catalysis because of their very high electron-donating property. In this paper, NNB-type boryl anions were designed as tridentate ligands to promote aryl C–H borylation. In combination with [IrCl(COD)]2/su
Ding, Siyi,Wang, Linghua,Miao, Zongcheng,Li, Pengfei
(2019/04/30)

Synthesis process of 2,6-dichloropyridine-4-boracic acid pinacol ester
The invention discloses a synthesis process of 2,6-dichloropyridine-4-boracic acid pinacol ester. 2,6-dichloropyridine is used as raw materials; under the existence of 2,2,6,6-lithium tetramethylpiperidide or Grignard reagents, protons are selectively removed at low temperature; a boron halide reagent is added; then, pinacol is added for treatment to obtain the 2,6-dichloropyridine-4-boracic acidpinacol ester. The method has the advantages that the operation steps are short; 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide can be easily recovered and utilized; 4-site products can be obtained at high selectivity; potential practical values are realized.
-
Paragraph 0016; 0019; 0023; 0027

(2018/06/26)

Trimethylphosphate as a Methylating Agent for Cross Coupling: A Slow-Release Mechanism for the Methylation of Arylboronic Esters
A methyl group on an arene, despite its small size, can have a profound influence on biologically active molecules. Typical methods to form a methylarene involve strong nucleophiles or strong and often toxic electrophiles. We report a strategy for a new, highly efficient, copper and iodide co-catalyzed methylation of aryl- and heteroarylboronic esters with the mild, nontoxic reagent trimethylphosphate, which has not been used previously in coupling reactions. We show that it reacts in all cases tested in yields that are higher than those of analogous copper-catalyzed reactions of MeOTs or MeI. The combination of C-H borylation and this methylation with trimethylphosphate provides a new approach to the functionalization of inert C-H bonds and is illustrated by late-stage methylation of four medicinally active compounds. In addition, reaction on a 200 mmol scale demonstrates reliability of this method. Mechanistic studies show that the reaction occurs by a slow release of methyl iodide by reaction of PO(OMe)3 with iodide catalyst, rather than the typical direct oxidative addition to a metal center. The low concentration of the reactive electrophile enables selective reaction with an arylcopper intermediate, rather than nucleophilic groups on the arylboronate, and binding of tert-butoxide to the boronate inhibits reaction of the electrophile with the tert-butoxide activator to form methyl ether.
He, Zhi-Tao,Li, Haoquan,Haydl, Alexander M.,Whiteker, Gregory T.,Hartwig, John F.
supporting information
p. 17197 - 17202
(2018/12/14)

METHODS FOR FORMING SATURATED (HETERO)CYCLIC BORYLATED HYDROCARBONS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
The disclosure relates to methods for forming at least partially saturated cyclic and heterocyclic borylated hydrocarbons, as well as related compounds, which can be precursor compounds in the synthesis of any of a variety of pharmaceutical or medicinal compounds with a desired structure and/or stereochemistry for drug synthesis or drug candidate evaluation. The methods generally include reduction of an unsaturated cyclic or heterocyclic borylated hydrocarbon having a boron-containing substituent at an sp2-carbon, where such reduction converts the sp2-carbon to an sp3-carbon at the point of attachment of the boron-containing substituent. The methods can exhibit a selectivity for syn-addition during reduction, which can provide stereospecific products, such as when the unsaturated cyclic or heterocyclic reactant is multiply substituted with boron groups and/or other functional groups.
-
Paragraph 0052

(2018/03/25)

Double N,B-Type Bidentate Boryl Ligands Enabling a Highly Active Iridium Catalyst for C-H Borylation
Boryl ligands hold promise in catalysis due to their very high electron-donating property. In this communication double N,B-type boryl anions were designed as bidentate ligands to promote an sp2 C-H borylation reaction. A symmetric pyridine-con
Wang, Guanghui,Xu, Liang,Li, Pengfei
supporting information
p. 8058 - 8061
(2015/07/15)

METHODS FOR PRODUCING BORYLATED ARENES
Methods for the selective borylation of arenes, including arenes substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (e.g., 1-chloro-3-fluoro-2-substituted benzenes) are provided. The methods can be used, in some embodiments, to efficiently and regioselectivel
-
Paragraph 0370; 0371

(2015/03/16)

Iridium-bipyridine periodic mesoporous organosilica catalyzed direct C-H borylation using a pinacolborane
Heterogeneous catalysis for direct C-H borylation of arenes and heteroarenes in the combination of iridium (Ir) complex fixed on periodic mesoporous organosilica containing bipyridine ligands within the framework (Ir-BPy-PMO) and pinacolborane (HBpin) is reported. Ir-BPy-PMO showed higher catalytic activity toward the borylation of benzene with inexpensive HBpin compared to expensive bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2). The precatalyst could be handled without the use of a glove box. The catalyst was easily recovered from reaction mixtures by simple filtration under air. The recovered catalyst still showed good catalytic activity for at least three more times for the borylation of benzene. A variety of arenes and heteroarenes were successfully borylated with high boron efficiency by Ir-BPy-PMO using HBpin, whereas almost no activity was observed for borylation of some heteroarenes with B2pin2. The system using Ir-BPy-PMO and HBpin was also utilized in syntheses of multi-boronated thiophene-based building blocks containing ladder-, acenefused-, and fused-thiophene skeletons. The combination of a stable and reusable solid catalyst and inexpensive HBpin is expected to be superior to conventional approaches for the development of industrial applications.
Maegawa, Yoshifumi,Inagaki, Shinji
supporting information
p. 13007 - 13016
(2016/01/09)

Harnessing C-H Borylation/Deborylation for Selective Deuteration, Synthesis of Boronate Esters, and Late Stage Functionalization
Ir-catalyzed deborylation can be used to selectively deuterate aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates. Combined with the selectivities of Ir-catalyzed C-H borylations, uniquely labeled compounds can be prepared. In addition, diborylation/deborylation reactions provide monoborylated regioisomers that complement those prepared by C-H borylation. Comparisons between Ir-catalyzed deborylations and Pd-catalyzed deborylations of diborylated indoles described by Movassaghi are made. The Ir-catalyzed process is more effective for deborylating aromatics and is generally more effective in the monodeborylation of diborylated thiophenes. These processes can be applied to complex molecules such as clopidogrel.
Kallepalli, Venkata A,Gore, Kristin A.,Shi, Feng,Sanchez, Luis,Chotana, Ghayoor A.,Miller, Susanne L.,Maleczka, Robert E.,Smith, Milton R.
p. 8341 - 8353
(2015/09/02)

PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS
A compound of formula (I), wherein R1 to R5, A, B, Z, Z1 and Z2 are as defined in the claims, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed. The compounds of formula (I) possess utility as FGFR inhibitors and are useful in the treatment of a condition, where FGFR kinase inhibition is desired, such as cancer.
-
Page/Page column 54; 55

(2014/10/18)

Iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of pyridines
The iridium-catalysed C-H borylation is a valuable and attractive method for the preparation of aryl and heteroaryl boronates. However, application of this methodology for the preparation of pyridyl and related azinyl boronates can be challenged by low reactivity and propensity for rapid protodeborylation, particularly for a boronate ester ortho to the azinyl nitrogen. Competition experiments have revealed that the low reactivity is due to inhibition of the active catalyst through coordination of the azinyl nitrogen lone pair at the vacant site on the iridium. This effect can be overcome through the incorporation of a substituent at C-2. Moreover, when this is sufficiently electron-withdrawing protodeborylation is sufficiently slowed to permit isolation and purification of the C-6 boronate ester. Following functionalization, reduction of the directing C-2 substituent provides the product arising from formal ortho borylation of an unhindered pyridine ring. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
Sadler, Scott A.,Tajuddin, Hazmi,Mkhalid, Ibraheem A. I.,Batsanov, Andrei S.,Albesa-Jove, David,Cheung, Man Sing,Maxwell, Aoife C.,Shukla, Lena,Roberts, Bryan,Blakemore, David C.,Lin, Zhenyang,Marder, Todd B.,Steel, Patrick G.
supporting information
p. 7318 - 7327
(2014/11/07)

PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AS 5-HT6 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
Compounds of formula (I), wherein X, Y, Z, R1-R7, m and n are as defined herein, exhibit 5-HT6 antagonistic activity and are thus useful for the treatment of certain CNS disorders. Methods of use of said compounds are also provided.
-
Page/Page column 14; 15

(2014/09/03)

4-Azolylphenyl isoxazoline insecticides acting at the GABA gated chloride channel
Isoxazoline insecticides have been shown to be potent blockers of insect GABA receptors with excellent activity on a broad pest range, including Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Herein we report on the synthesis, biological activity and mode-of-action for a class of 4-heterocyclic aryl isoxazoline insecticides.
Lahm, George P.,Cordova, Daniel,Barry, James D.,Pahutski, Thomas F.,Smith, Ben K.,Long, Jeffrey K.,Benner, Eric A.,Holyoke, Caleb W.,Joraski, Kathleen,Xu, Ming,Schroeder, Mark E.,Wagerle, Ty,Mahaffey, Michael J.,Smith, Rejane M.,Tong, My-Hahn
p. 3001 - 3006
(2013/06/26)

DERIVATIVES OF 2-[2-(BENZO- OR PYRIDO-) THIAZOLYLAMINO]-6-AMINOPYRIDINE, USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORIC, ALLERGIC OR INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
The invention is directed to certain novel compounds. Specifically, the invention is directed to compounds of formula (I): and salts thereof. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of kinase activity, in particular Itk activity.
-
Page/Page column 73

(2011/10/05)

Practical one-pot C-H activation/borylation/oxidation: Preparation of 3-bromo-5-methylphenol on a multigram scale
A practical one-pot C-H activation/borylation/oxidation sequence for the generation of 3,5-disubstituted phenols is presented. Specifically, 3-bromo-5-methylphenol is prepared from 3-bromotoluene, without isolation of intermediates, on a multigram scale, and in high yield. The process proceeds under mild conditions and can be completed within one day. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York.
Norberg, A. Monica,Smith III, Milton R.,Maleczka Jr., Robert E.
scheme or table
p. 857 - 859
(2011/05/02)

Continuous-Flow C-H borylation of arene derivatives
A new continuous-flow system for C-H borylation has been developed. An insoluble catalyst prepared from chloro(1,5-cyclooctadien)iridium(I) dimer and 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid in the presence of bis(pinacolato)diboron exhibited high reactivity under continuous-flow processing without the loss of expensive iridium metal.
Tagata, Tsuyoshi,Nishida, Mayumi,Nishida, Atsushi
experimental part
p. 1662 - 1666
(2010/09/15)

Cyanation of arenes via iridium-catalyzed borylation
We report a method to conduct one-pot meta cyanation of arenes by iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation and copper-mediated cyanation of the resulting arylboronate esters. This process relies on a method to conduct the cyanation of arylboronic esters, and conditions for this new transformation are reported. Conditions for the copper-mediated cyanation of arylboronic acids are also reported. By the resulting sequence of borylation and cyanation, 1,3-disubstituted and 1,2,3-trisubstituted arenes and heteroarenes containing halide, ketone, ester, amide, and protected alcohol functionalities are converted to the corresponding meta-substituted aryl nitriles. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated through the conversion of a protected 2,6-disubstituted phenol to 4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenol, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of the pharmaceutical etravirine. The utility of the method is further demonstrated by the conversion of 3-chloro-5-methylbenzonitrile, produced through the one-pot C-H borylation and cyanation sequence, to the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted aldehydes, ketones, amides, carboxylic acids, tetrazoles, and benzylamines.
Liskey, Carl W.,Liao, Xuebin,Hartwig, John F.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 11389 - 11391
(2010/10/01)

A simple synthesis of functionalized 3-methyl-1-pyridinyl-1H-imidazolium salts as bidentate N-heterocyclic-carbene precursors and their application in Ir-catalyzed arene borylation
The selective alkylation of functionalized 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridines 1 furnishes 3-methyl-1-pyridinyl-1H-imidazolium salts 2, which can be deprotonated to deliver strongly electron-donating bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC). The synthesis of these ligands and their application in the iridiumcatalyzed C-H activated borylation of arenes with its current scope and limitations are reported.
Peters, Martin,Breinbauer, Rolf
supporting information; experimental part
p. 6622 - 6625
(2011/02/21)

Microwave-accelerated iridium-catalyzed borylation of aromatic C-H bonds
Image Persented Microwave heating accelerates the Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation of aromatic substrates when compared with reactions carried out at the same temperature under standard heating conditions. Application to a one-pot single solvent process for ta
Harrisson, Peter,Morris, James,Marder, Todd B.,Steel, Patrick G.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 3586 - 3589
(2011/02/22)

A one-pot, single-solvent process for tandem, catalyzed C-H borylation-Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling sequences
Methyl tert-butyl ether is a suitable solvent for iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation followed, in the same pot, by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling sequences, giving high yields of biaryls. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Harrisson, Peter,Morris, James,Steel, Patrick G.,Marder, Todd B.
experimental part
p. 147 - 150
(2009/05/30)

Development of recyclable iridium catalyst for C-H borylation
Aromatic C-H borylation using [IrCl(COD)]2 and 2,2′-bipyridinedicarboxylic acids was studied. 2,2′-Bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid was complexed with [IrCl(COD)]2 in the presence of bis(pinacolato)diboron. The resulting iridium catalyst could be readily separated from the reaction mixture by simple filtration, and the recovered catalyst under a nitrogen atmosphere was still active and could be reused more than 10 times.
Tagata, Tsuyoshi,Nishida, Mayumi,Nishida, Atsushi
scheme or table
p. 6176 - 6179
(2009/12/26)

SUBSTITUTED AMINO HETEROCYCLES AS VR-1 ANTAGONISTS FOR TREATING PAIN
The present invention provides compounds of formula I: in which: one of T1and T4 is N and the other is C; T2 and T3 are independently N or C(CH2)nR2; X, Y and Z are independently N or C(CH2)nR3; R1 is Ar1 or R1 is C1-6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two groups Ar1; Ar1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, adamantyl, phenyl, naphthyl, a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one, two or three nitrogen atoms, a five-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one, two, three or four heteroatoms chosen from O, N and S, at most one O or S atom being present, or a nine- or ten-membered bicyclic heteroaromatic ring in which phenyl or a six-membered heteroaromatic ring as defined above is fused to a six-or five-membered heteroaromatic ring as defined above; Ar is an optionally substituted phenyl, a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one, two or three nitrogen atoms or a five-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one, two, three or four heteroatoms chosen from O, N and S, at most one heteroatom being O or S, Ar being optionally substituted by one, two or three groups chosen from halogen, CF3, OCF3, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, nitro, cyano, isonitrile, hydroxy, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkylthio, -NR6R7, -CONR6R7, -COH, CO2H, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, haloC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, aminoC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkylcarbonyl and a five-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one, two, three or four heteroatoms chosen from O, N and S, at most one heteroatom being O or S, optionally substituted by C1-6alkyl, halogen, amino, hydroxy or cyano; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a VR-1 ligand; pharmaceutical compositions comprising it; its use in therapy; use of it in the manufacture of a medicament to treat pain; and methods of treating subjects suffering from pain.
-
Page 38

(2010/02/08)

AMINO-HETEROCYCLES AS VR-1 ANTAGONISTS FOR TREATING PAIN
the present invention provides a compound of formula (I): wherein V represents NR5, O, S, SO or S(O)2; W and X each independently represent CH or N; Y represents N, CH or C-Ar2, with the proviso that at least one, but no more than two, of W, X and Y are N; Z represents CH or C-Ar2, with the proviso that when Y is N or CH then Z is C-Ar2, and with the further proviso that when Y is C-Ar2 then Z is CH; Ar1 represents a fused 9 or 10 membered heterobicyclic ring system containing one, two, three or four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein at least one of the rings in said ring system is aromatic; Ar2 represents an aromatic ring selected from phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl and pyridazinyl which is optionally fused and substituted; R1 represents halogen, hydroxy, oxo, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, haloC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, haloC1-6alkoxy, hydroxyC1-6alkoxy, C3-7cycloalkyl, C3-7cycloalkoxy, C3-5cycloalkylC1-4alkyl, cyano, nitro, SR6, SOR6, SO2R6, COR6, NR3COR6, CONR3R4, NR3SO2R6, SO2NR3R4, -(CH2)mcarboxy, esterified -(CH2)mcarboxy or -(CH2)mNR3R4; R2 represents hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, C1-6alkoxy, haloC1-6alkoxy, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, C1-6alkoxy or haloC1-6alkoxy; R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C3-7cycloalkyl or fluoroC1-6alkyl; or R3 and R4 and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached together form a heteroaliphatic ring of 4 to 7 ring atoms, optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from hydroxy or C1-4alkoxy, which ring may optionally contain as one of the said ring atoms an oxygen or a sulfur atom, S(O), S(O)2, or NR5; R5 represents hydrogen, C1-4alkyl, hydroxyC1-4alkyl or C1-4alkoxyC1-4alkyl; R6 represents hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, fluoroC1-6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, unsubstituted phenyl, or phenyl substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, C1-6alkoxy or haloC1-6alkoxy; m is either zero or an integer from 1 to 4; n is either zero or an integer from 1 to 3; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, N-oxide or a prodrug thereof; a pharmaceutical composition comprising it; its use in methods of treatment; use of it for the manufacture of a medicament for treating VR-1 related conditions such as those in which pain and/or inflammation predominate; and methods of treatment using it.
-
Page 34

(2010/02/07)

Aromatic C-H borylation catalyzed by iridium/2,6-diisopropyl-N-(2- pyridylmethylene)aniline complex
The C-H borylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds, such as benzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 2,6-dichloropyridine, indole, benzothiophene and benzofuran, by bis(pinacolato)diboron or pinacolborane was catalyzed by a 1/2 [IrCl(COD)] 2-2,6-diisopropyl-N-(2-pyridylmethylene)aniline complex. The isopropyl groups of the ligand are essential for obtaining the products in high yield. Octane was a suitable solvent for the reactions of the above compounds except for indole. In the case of indole, DME was better than octane and the yield tended to improve with a smaller amount of the catalyst.
Tagata, Tsuyosi,Nishida, Mayumi
p. 1655 - 1660
(2007/10/03)

Process for the synthesis of phenols from arenes
A process to synthesize substituted phenols such as those of the general formula RR′R″Ar(OH) wherein R, R′, and R″ are each independently hydrogen or any group which does not interfere in the process for synthesizing the substituted phenol including, but not limited to, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxylic ester, amine, amide; and Ar is any variety of aryl or hetroaryl by means of oxidation of substituted arylboronic esters is described. In particular, a metal-catalyzed C—H activation/borylation reaction is described, which when followed by direct oxidation in a single or separate reaction vessel affords phenols without the need for any intermediate manipulations. More particularly, a process wherein Ir-catalyzed borylation of arenes using pinacolborane (HBPin) followed by oxidation of the intermediate arylboronic ester by OXONE is described.
-
Page 14; 17

(2008/06/13)

C-H activation/borylation/oxidation: A one-pot unified route to meta-substituted phenols bearing ortho-/para-directing groups
An efficient one-pot C-H activation/borylation/oxidation protocol for the preparation of phenols is described. This method is particularly attractive for the generation of meta-substituted phenols bearing ortho-/para-directing groups, as such substrates are difficult to access by other phenol syntheses. Copyright
Maleczka Jr., Robert E.,Shi, Feng,Holmes, Daniel,Smith III, Milton R.
p. 7792 - 7793
(2007/10/03)