- Phenotypic Optimization of Urea-Thiophene Carboxamides to Yield Potent, Well Tolerated, and Orally Active Protective Agents against Aminoglycoside-Induced Hearing Loss
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Hearing loss is a major public health concern with no pharmaceutical intervention for hearing protection or restoration. Using zebrafish neuromast hair cells, a robust model for mammalian auditory and vestibular hair cells, we identified a urea-thiophene carboxamide, 1 (ORC-001), as protective against aminoglycoside antibiotic (AGA)-induced hair cell death. The 50% protection (HC50) concentration conferred by 1 is 3.2 μM with protection against 200 μM neomycin approaching 100%. Compound 1 was sufficiently safe and drug-like to validate otoprotection in an in vivo rat hearing loss model. We explored the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this compound series to improve otoprotective potency, improve pharmacokinetic properties and eliminate off-target activity. We present the optimization of 1 to yield 90 (ORC-13661). Compound 90 protects mechanosensory hair cells with HC50 of 120 nM and demonstrates 100% protection in the zebrafish assay and superior physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties, as well as complete in vivo protection in rats.
- Chowdhury, Sarwat,Owens, Kelly N.,Herr, R. Jason,Jiang, Qin,Chen, Xinchao,Johnson, Graham,Groppi, Vincent E.,Raible, David W.,Rubel, Edwin W,Simon, Julian A.
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supporting information
p. 84 - 97
(2018/02/10)
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- Synthesis of new substituted 6-ureidopurines and 6-ureido-9-(2,3,5-triacetyl ribofuranosyl)purines having cytokinin (plant growth promoting) activity
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Substituted 6-ureidopurines 6a-j and 6-ureido-9-(2,3,5-triacetylribofuranosyl) purines 7a-j have been synthesized by condensing substituted phenyl isocyanates with adenine 3 and 2,3,5-triacetyladenosine 5 respectively in pyridine. Substituted phenyl isocyanates 2a-j are prepared from substituted anilines 1a-j in the presence of triphosgene and triethylamine in dry benzene. Compounds 6a-j and 7a-j have been evaluated for cytokinin activity on seeds of Raphanus sativus, family Brassicaceae (common name white radish) at 5 different concentrations in distilled water ranging from 0.001 to 10 mg litre-1. Compounds 6a, 7a, 7b and 7i having substitutents at 3 position of phenyl ring are found to show higher cytokinin activity than benzyladenine at all concentrations (Table II).
- Mhatre, Vandana,Joshi, Vidya
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p. 2667 - 2675
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of new substituted sulfonylhydrazinecarboxamides and sulfonylhydrazinecarbothioamides having antifungal and antibacterial activities
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p-Toluenesulfonylhydrazide 3 on condensation with substituted phenyl isocyanates 2a-i and substituted phenyl isothiocyanates 2j-p gives N, 2-disubstituted sulfonylhydrazinecarboxamides 4a-i and N, 2-disubstituted sulfonylhydrazinecarbothioamides 4j-p respectively. Compounds 4a-p have been found to be bactericidal against S. aureus and S. lyphi while compound 4n shows fungicidal activity against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum.
- Nalavde,Joshi
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- A new class of inhibitors of secretory phospholipase A2: enolized 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione-5-carboxamides
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Enolized 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione-5-carboxamides a were identified as a new class of inhibitors of secretory phospholipase A2 from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (h-PMN PLA2).Among the more than 30 compounds synthesized, the most potent inhibitors (IC50 0.6-10 μM) were found in the series of 2,4-disubstituted phenyl analogues of a.Compound 1a was selected for evaluation of its biological profile.This substance potently inhibited secretory PLA2s from several sources other than human PMNs, with a clear preference for group II over group I PLA2, whereas humancytosolic PLA2 and phospholipase C were not significantly affected.Inhibition of h-PMN PLA2 was calcium-dependent.In intact mammalian cells stimulated in vitro, the release of arachidonic acid and the generation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes were inhibited at concentrations compatible with inhibition of PLA2 as an underlying mechanism.In animal models in vivo (carragheenan oedema, adjuvant arthritis, pertussis pleurisy) 1a showed antiinflammatory activity, although the effect was rather weak compared with standard reference compounds. secretory human PMN phospholipase A2 / enolized 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione-5-carboxamide inhibitors / cellular eicosanoid synthesis / in vivo antiinflammatory activity / molecular modelling / structure-activity relationship
- Breitenstein, W.,Maerki, F.,Roggo, S.,Wiesenberg, I,Pfeilschifter, J.,et al.
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p. 649 - 658
(2007/10/02)
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