- Activation of pentafluoropropane isomers at a nanoscopic aluminum chlorofluoride: Hydrodefluorination versus dehydrofluorination
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The hydrofluorocarbon 245 isomers, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,2- pentafluoropropane, and 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-propane (HFC-245fa, HFC-245cb, and HFC-245eb) were activated through C-F bond activations using aluminium chlorofluoride (ACF) as a catalyst. The addition of the hydrogen source Et3SiH is necessary for the activation of the secondary and tertiary C-F bonds. Multiple C-F bond activations such as hydrodefluorinations and dehydrofluorinations were observed, followed by hydroarylation and Friedel-Crafts-type reactions under mild conditions.
- Ahrens, Mike,Braun, Thomas,Kemnitz, Erhard,Kervarec, Ma?va-Charlotte
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supporting information
p. 2623 - 2635
(2020/11/26)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROFLUOROOLEFIN
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To provide a method for producing a hydrofluoroolefin, wherein formation of an over-reduced product having hydrogen added to an aimed hydrofluorolefin and an over-reduced product having some of fluorine atoms in the aimed product replaced with hydrogen atoms, as by-products, is suppressed. A method for producing a hydrofluoroolefin, which comprises reacting a specific chlorofluoroolefin with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst supported on a carrier, to obtain a specific hydrofluoroolefin, wherein the catalyst is a catalyst composed of particles of an alloy containing at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of palladium and platinum, and gold, and the proportion of the gold at the surface of the alloy particles is from 5 to 30 mass % per 100 mass % in total of the platinum group metal and the gold at the surface of the alloy particles.
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Paragraph 0156-0163
(2017/09/30)
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- USE OF COPPER-NICKEL CATALYSTS FOR DEHLOGENATION OF CHLOROFLUOROCOMPOUNDS
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The disclosure describes a process for dehalogenation of chlorofluorocompounds. The process comprises contacting a saturated chlorofluorocompound with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature sufficient to remove chlorine and/or fluorine substituents to produce a fluorine containing terminal olefin.
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Page/Page column 4
(2012/05/07)
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- HYDROGEN FLUORIDE-HFC-254EB AZEOTROPE AND ITS USES
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Described is a process for separating 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride from a mixture comprising 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride comprising: subjecting said 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride mixture to a distillation step, forming a column distillate composition comprising an azeotropic or near-azeotropic composition of said 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride, and a bottoms composition of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane. The column distillate may optionally be made essentially free of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane and the column bottoms composition may optionally be made essentially free of HF. Also described is a process for separating 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride from a mixture of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride. Also described are azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride.
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Page/Page column 15
(2011/05/11)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2, 3, 3, 3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE
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The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1234yf comprising (a) contacting 1,1, 2,3,3, 3-hexafluoropropene (1216) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (236ea); (b) dehydrofluorinating 236ea to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (1225ye); (c) contacting 1225ye with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (245eb); and (d) dehydrofluorinating (245eb) to produce (1234yf).
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Page/Page column 17-18
(2009/12/23)
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- PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND SEPARATION OF HYDROFLUOROOLEFINS
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A process for the synthesis of fluorinated olefins of the formula CF3CF=CHX, wherein X is F or H comprising contacting hexafluoropropene with hydrogen chloride in the vapor phase, in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature in the range from about 200 °C to about 350 °C, wherein the mole ratio of hydrogen chloride to hexafluoropropene is from about 2:1 to about 4:1, separating the 1-chloro-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene, 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene and hydrogen fluoride products from unreacted hexafluoropropene, and hydrogen chloride by distillation, hydrogenating either the 1-chloro-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene, 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene or mixture thereof over a catalyst, and dehydrochlorinating the said hydrogenation product to produce either 1225ye or 1234yf.
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Page/Page column 17-18
(2008/12/07)
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- PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING AND COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE AND/OR 1,2,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE
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A process is disclosed for making CF3CF=CH2 or mixtures thereof with CHF=CFCHF2. The process involves contacting CCI3CF2CF3 and optionally CCI2FCF2CCIF2 with H2 in the presence of a catalyst including a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support of alumina, fluorided aluminaand/or aluminum fluoride, to produce a product mixture including CH2=CFCF3 (and when CCI2FCF2CCIF2 is present, CHF=CFCHF2); recovering CH2=CFCF3 or a mixture thereof with CHF=CFCHF2 from the product mixture; and optionally, separating at least a portion of any CHF=CFCHF2 in the product mixture from the CH2=CFCF3 in the product mixture. The mole ratio of H2 to the total of CCI3CF2CF3 and CCI2FCF2CCIF2 fed to the reaction zone is between about 1 :1 and about 5:1. The present invention also provides another process for making CH2=CFCF3 Or mixtures thereof with CHF=CFCHF2 This process involves (a) reacting CCI3CF2CF3 and optionally CCI2FCF2CCIF2 with H2 in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a hydrogenation catalyst to form CH3CF2CF3 (and when CCI2FCF2CCIF2 is present, CH2FCF2CHF2); (b) dehydrofluorinating CH3CF2CF3 and optionally any CH2FCF2CHF2 from (a) to form a product mixture including CH2=CFCF3, and if CH2FCF2CHF2 is present, CHF=CFCHF2; (c) recovering CH2=CFCF3 or a mixture thereof with CHF=CFCHF2 from the product mixture formed in (b); and optionally (d) separating at least a portion of any CHF=CFCHF2 in the product mixture formed in (b) from the CH2=CFCF3 in the product mixture formed in (b). The present invention also provides compositions involving CH2=CFCF3 and/or CHF=CFCHF2, including compositions useful as refrigerants, foam blowing agents, cleaning agents and aerosols and azeotropic compositions involving (a) CF2HCF=CFH and (b) HF.
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Page/Page column 21-22
(2008/12/05)
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- PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE AND/OR 1,2,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE
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A process is disclosed for making CF3CF=CH2 or mixtures thereof with CHF2CF=CHF. This process involves (a) reacting CHCI2CF2CF3, and optionally CHCIFCF2CCIF2, with H2 in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a hydrogenation catalyst to form CH3CF2CF3 and, when CHCIFCF2CCIF2 is present, CH2FCF2CHF2; (b) dehydrofluorinating CH3CF2CF3, and optionally any CH2FCF2CHF2, from (a) to form a product mixture including CF3CF=CH2 and, if CH2FCF2CHF2 Js present, CHF2CF=CHF; and optionally (c) recovering CF3CF=CH2, or a mixture thereof with CHF2CF=CHF from the product mixture formed in (b) and/or (d) separating at least a portion of any CHF2CF=CHF in the product mixture formed in (b) from the CF3CF=CH2 in the product mixture formed in (b).
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Page/Page column 10-11
(2008/12/05)
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- PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING 1-CHLORO-2,2,3,3,3-PENTAFLUOROPROPANE AND AZEOTROPIC COMPOSITIONS OF 1-CHLORO-2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE WITH HF
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A process is disclosed for making CH2=CFCF3. The process involves contacting CH2CICF2CF3 with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst including a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from chromium oxide, fluorinated chromium oxide, chromium fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride and/or fluorinated alumina, to produce CH2=CFCF3. The mole ratio of H2 to the CH2CICF2CF3 fed to the reaction zone is between about 1 :1 and about 4:1. Also disclosed is another process for making CH2=CFCF3 that involves (a) reacting CH2CICF2CF3 with H2 in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of hydrogenation catalyst to form CH3CF2CF3; and (b) dehydrofluorinating CH3CF2CF3 from (a) to form CH2=CFCF3;and another process for making CH2=CFCF3 that involves (1 ) dehydrofluorinating CH2CICF2CF3 in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of dehydrofluorination catalyst to form CHCI=CFCF3; and (2) hydrogenating CHCI=CFCF3 from (1 ) in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst including a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from chromium oxide, fluorinated chromium oxide, chromium fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride and/or fluorinated alumina to form CH2=CFCF3. Also disclosed is a process for making CH2CICF2CF5. This process involves reacting CH2CIF with CF2=CF2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an aluminum halide composition having a bulk formula of AICIxBryF3-x-y wherein the average value of x is O to 3, the average value of y is O to 3-x, provided that the average values of x and y are not both O. Also disclosed is an azeotropic composition including CF3CF=CHCI and HF.
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Page/Page column 14-15
(2008/12/05)
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- Direct Conversion Of HCFC 225ca/cb Mixture To HFC 245cb And HFC 1234yf
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Provided are methods for producing hydrofluorocarbons via the selective reduction of a halocarbon blend comprising 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane.
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Page/Page column 3
(2008/06/13)
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- 1,2,3,3,3-PENTAFLUOROPROPENE PRODUCTION PROCESSES
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A process is disclosed for making CF3CF=CHF. The process involves reacting CF3CCIFCCI2F with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product mixture comprising CF3CF=CHF. The catalyst has a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, fluorided alumina, aluminum fluoride and mixtures thereof and the mole ratio of H2 to CF3CCIFCCI2F fed to the reaction zone is between about 1 :1 and about 5:1.. Also disclosed are azeotropic compositions of CF3CCIFCCI2F and HF and azeotropic composition of CF3CHFCH2F and HF.
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Page/Page column 15
(2008/06/13)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 1,1,1,3,3-PENTAFLUOROPROPANE AND 1,1,1,2,3-PENTAFLUOROPROPANE
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A process is disclosed for the manufacture of CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F. The process involves (a) reacting hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one halopropene of the formula CX3CCl=CClX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CF3CCl2CClF2 and CF3CClFCCl2F; (b) reacting CF3CCl2CClF2 and CF3CClFCCl2F produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CF3CH2CHF2, and CF3CHFCH2F; and (c) recovering CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F from the product produced in (b). In (a), the CF3CCl2CClF2 and CF3CClFCCl2F are produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst including a ZnCr2O4/crystalline α-chromium oxide composition, a ZnCr2O4/crystalline α-chromium oxide composition which has been treated with a fluorinating agent, a zinc halide/α-chromium oxide composition and/or a zinc halide/α-chromium oxide composition which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.
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Page/Page column 16; 19
(2008/06/13)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 1,1,1,3,3,3-HEXAFLUOROPROPANE AND AT LEAST ONE OF 1,1,1,2,3,3-HEXAFLUOROPROPANE AND 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-HEPTAFLUOROPROPANE
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A process is disclosed for the manufacture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) and at least one 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea). The process involves (a) reacting HF, Cl2, and at least one halopropene of the formula CX3CCl=CX2 (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CF3CCl2CF3 and CF3CClFCClF2; (b) reacting CF3CCl2CF3 and CF3CClFCClF2 produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product comprising CF3CH2CF3 and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CHF2CHFCF3, and CF3CHFCF3; and (c) recovering from the product produced in (b), CF3CH2CF3 and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CHF2CHFCF3 and CF3CHFCF3. In (a), the CF3CCl2CF3 and CF3CClFCClF2 are produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst including a ZnCr2O4/crystalline α-chromium oxide composition, a ZnCr2O4/crystalline α-chromium oxide composition which has been treated with a fluorinating agent, a zinc halide/α-chromium oxide composition and/or a zinc halide/α-chromium oxide composition which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.
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Page/Page column 16; 19
(2008/06/13)
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- Electrophilic, catalytic alkylation of polyfluoroolefins by some fluoroalkanes
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New data are presented on the antimony pentafluoride catalyzed reaction of hydrofluorocarbons such as CH3F, CH2F2, CH3CHF2 and RfCH2CH2F with fluoroolefins. The condensation of CH2F2 and fluoroolefins CF2=CFX (X=F, CF3) proceeds under mild conditions producing the corresponding propanes FCH2CFXCF3 in moderate to high yield. Under similar conditions methyl fluoride reacts with tetrafluoroethylene giving CH3CF2CF3. However, a complex mixture of products forms in the analogous reaction with hexafluoropropene. The structures of the products of the reactions of CH3CHF2 and tetrafluoroethylene and F-butylethylene were determined.
- Belen'Kii,Petrov,Resnick
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