- NMR for screening and a biochemical assay: Identification of new FPPS inhibitors exerting anticancer activity
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Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is a crucial enzyme for the synthesis of isoprenoids and the key target of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs). N-BPs are potent and selective FPPS inhibitors that are used in the treatment of bone-related diseases, but have poor pharmacokinetic properties. Given the key role played by FPPS in many cancer-related pathways and the pharmacokinetic limits of N-BPs, hundreds of molecules have been screened to identify new FPPS inhibitors characterized by improved drug-like properties that are useful for broader therapeutic applications in solid, non-skeletal tumours. We have previously shown that N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) and its related compound N6-benzyladenosine (2) exert anti-glioma activity by interfering with the mevalonate pathway and inhibiting FPPS. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a panel of N6-benzyladenosine derivatives (compounds 2a-m) incorporating different chemical moieties on the benzyl ring. Compounds 2a-m show in vitro antiproliferative activity in U87MG glioma cells and, analogous to the bisphosphonate FPPS inhibitors, exhibit immunogenic properties in ex vivo γδ T cells from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Using saturation transfer difference (STD) and quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, we found that 2f, the N6-benzyladenosine analogue that includes a tertbutyl moiety in the para position of the benzyl ring, is endowed with increased FPPS binding and inhibition compared to the parent compounds i6A and 2. N6-benzyladenosine derivatives, characterized by structural features that are significantly different from those of N-BPs, have been confirmed to be promising chemical scaffolds for the development of non N-BP FPPS inhibitors, exerting combined cytotoxic and immunostimulatory activities.
- Grimaldi, Manuela,Randino, Rosario,Ciaglia, Elena,Scrima, Mario,Buonocore, Michela,Stillitano, Ilaria,Abate, Mario,Covelli, Verdiana,Tosco, Alessandra,Gazzerro, Patrizia,Bifulco, Maurizio,Rodriquez, Manuela,D'Ursi, Anna Maria
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supporting information
(2020/02/15)
-
- Anion exchange resins in phosphate form as versatile carriers for the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases
-
In the present work, we suggested anion exchange resins in the phosphate form as a source of phosphate, one of the substrates of the phosphorolysis of uridine, thymidine, and 1-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (Ara-U) catalyzed by recombinant E. coli uridine (UP) and thymidine (TP) phosphorylases. α-D-Pentofuranose-1-phosphates (PF-1Pis) obtained by phosphorolysis were used in the enzymatic synthesis of nucleosides. It was found that phosphorolysis of uridine, thymidine, and Ara-U in the presence of Dowex 1X8 (phosphate; Dowex-nPi) proceeded smoothly in the presence of magnesium cations in water at 20-50 °C for 54-96 h giving rise to quantitative formation of the corresponding pyrimidine bases and PF-1Pis. The resulting PF-1Pis can be used in three routes: (1) preparation of barium salts of PF-1Pis, (2) synthesis of nucleosides by reacting the crude PF-1Pi with an heterocyclic base, and (3) synthesis of nucleosides by reacting the ionically bound PF-1Pi to the resin with an heterocyclic base. These three approaches were tested in the synthesis of nelarabine, kinetin riboside, and cladribine with good to excellent yields (52-93%).
- Artsemyeva, Julia N.,Buravskaya, Tatiana N.,Esipov, Roman S.,Konstantinova, Irina D.,Litvinko, Natalia M.,Mikhailopulo, Igor A.,Miroshnikov, Anatoly I.,Remeeva, Ekaterina A.
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supporting information
p. 2607 - 2622
(2020/11/26)
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- NUCLEOSIDE AND NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGUES AS CD73 INHIBITORS AND THERAPEUTIC USES THEREOF
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Nucleoside and nucleotide compounds and analogues, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, as inhibitors of CD73 for the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with CD73 activities, especially cancers, and methods of preparing these compounds are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 29
(2018/12/02)
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- N6-isopentenyladenosine a new potential anti-angiogenic compound that targets human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro
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N6-isopentenyladenosine is an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic atypical nucleoside for normal and tumor cells. Considering the role of angiogenesis in various diseases, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of N6-isopentenyladenosine on human microvascular endothelial cells, protagonists in angiogenesis. Our results show that N6-isopentenyladenosine induced a significant reduction of cell viability, upregulated p21 and promoted caspase-3 cleavage in a dose dependent manner leading to apoptotic cell death as detected by FACS analysis. To understand structure-function relationship of N6-isopentenyladenosine, we investigated the effect of some N6-isopentenyladenosine analogs. Our results suggest that N6-isopentenyladenosine and some of its derivatives are potentially novel angiostatic agents and might be associated with other anti-angiogenic compounds for a better outcome.
- Castiglioni, Sara,Romeo, Valentina,Casati, Silvana,Ottria, Roberta,Perrotta, Cristiana,Ciuffreda, Pierangela,Maier, Jeanette A. M.
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p. 533 - 545
(2018/12/04)
-
- New tools in nucleoside toolbox of tick-borne encephalitis virus reproduction inhibitors
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Design and development of nucleoside analogs is an established strategy in the antiviral drug discovery field. Nevertheless, for many viruses the coverage of structure-activity relationships (SAR) in the nucleoside chemical space is not sufficient. Here we present the nucleoside SAR exploration for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of Flavivirus genus. Promising antiviral activity may be achieved by introduction of large hydrophobic substituents in the position 6 of adenosine or bulky silyl groups to the position 5′. Introduction of methyls to the ribose moiety does not lead to inhibition of TBEV reproduction. Possible mechanisms of action of these nucleosides include the inhibition of viral entry or interaction with TBEV non-structural protein 5 methyltransferase or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains.
- Orlov, Alexey A.,Drenichev, Mikhail S.,Oslovsky, Vladimir E.,Kurochkin, Nikolay N.,Solyev, Pavel N.,Kozlovskaya, Liubov I.,Palyulin, Vladimir A.,Karganova, Galina G.,Mikhailov, Sergey N.,Osolodkin, Dmitry I.
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supporting information
p. 1267 - 1273
(2017/06/19)
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- APPLICATIONS OF N6-SUBSTITUTED ADENOSINE DERIVATIVE AND N6-SUBSTITUTED ADENINE DERIVATIVE TO CALMING, HYPNOSES, CONVULSION RESISTANCE, EPILEPTIC RESISTANCE, PARKINSON DISEASE RESISTANCE, AND DEMENTIA PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare analgesics, hypnotic agents, anticonvulsant agents, antiepileptics, antiparkinson drugs, dementia prophylactics, and health care food. SOLUTION: The present invention relates to an N6-substituted adenosine derivative and an N6-substituted adenine derivative selected from the group consisting of specific compounds. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition at least comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention further relates to the compounds used in preparation of analgesics, hypnotic agents, anticonvulsant agents, antiepileptics, antiparkinson drugs, dementia prophylactics, and health care food. COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPO&INPIT
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- α,β-Methylene-ADP (AOPCP) Derivatives and Analogues: Development of Potent and Selective ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibitors
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ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine. eN inhibitors have potential for use as cancer therapeutics. The eN inhibitor α,β-methylene-ADP (AOPCP, adenosine-5′-O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid]) was used as a lead structure, and derivatives modified in various positions were prepared. Products were tested at rat recombinant eN. 6-(Ar)alkylamino substitution led to the largest improvement in potency. N6-Monosubstitution was superior to symmetrical N6,N6-disubstitution. The most potent inhibitors were N6-(4-chlorobenzyl)- (10l, PSB-12441, Ki 7.23 nM), N6-phenylethyl- (10h, PSB-12425, Ki 8.04 nM), and N6-benzyl-adenosine-5′-O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid] (10g, PSB-12379, Ki 9.03 nM). Replacement of the 6-NH group in 10g by O (10q, PSB-12431) or S (10r, PSB-12553) yielded equally potent inhibitors (10q, 9.20 nM; 10r, 9.50 nM). Selected compounds investigated at the human enzyme did not show species differences; they displayed high selectivity versus other ecto-nucleotidases and ADP-activated P2Y receptors. Moreover, high metabolic stability was observed. These compounds represent the most potent eN inhibitors described to date.
- Bhattarai, Sanjay,Freundlieb, Marianne,Pippel, Jan,Meyer, Anne,Abdelrahman, Aliaa,Fiene, Amelie,Lee, Sang-Yong,Zimmermann, Herbert,Yegutkin, Gennady G.,Str?ter, Norbert,El-Tayeb, Ali,Müller, Christa E.
-
p. 6248 - 6263
(2015/08/24)
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- Regioselective 1-N-Alkylation and rearrangement of adenosine derivatives
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Several methods for the preparation of some N6-substituted adenosines based on selective 1-N-alkylation with subsequent Dimroth rearrangement were developed. The proposed methods seem to be effective for the preparation of natural N6-isopentenyl- and N6-benzyladenosines, which are known to possess pronounced biological activities. Direct 1-N-alkylation of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyladenosine and 3,5′-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxyadenosine with alkyl halides in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of BaCO3 and KI gave 1-N-substituted derivatives with quantitative yields, whereas 1-N-alkylation of adenosine was accompanied by significant O-alkylation. Moreover, the reaction of trimethylsilyl derivatives of N6-acetyl-2,3,5′-tri-O-acetyladenosine and N6-acetyl-3,5′-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxyadenosine with alkyl halides leads to the formation of the stable 1-N-substituted adenosines. Dimroth rearrangement of 1-N-substituted adenosines in aqueous ammonia yields pure N6-substituted adenosines.
- Oslovsky, Vladimir E.,Drenichev, Mikhail S.,Mikhailov, Sergey N.
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p. 475 - 499
(2015/10/19)
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- N6-SUBSTITUTED ADENOSINE DERIVATIVES AND N6-SUBSTITUTED ADENINE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention provides N6-substituted adenosine derivatives and N6-substituted adenine derivatives, manufacturing methods thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the said compounds above, and uses of these compounds in manufacturing medicaments and health-care products for treating insomnia, convulsion, epilepsy, and Parkinson's diseases, and preventing and treating dementia.
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- N6-SUBSTITUTED ADENOSINE DERIVATIVES, N6-SUBSTITUTED ADENINE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention provides N6-substituted adenosine derivatives and N6-substituted adenine derivatives, manufacturing methods thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the said compounds above, and uses of of these compounds in manufacturing medicaments and health-care products for treating insomnia, convulsion, epilepsy, and Parkinson's diseases, and preventing and treating dementia.
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationship investigation of adenosine-containing inhibitors of histone methyltransferase DOT1L
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Histone3-lysine79 (H3K79) methyltransferase DOT1L has been found to be a drug target for acute leukemia with MLL (mixed lineage leukemia) gene translocations. A total of 55 adenosine-containing compounds were designed and synthesized, among which several potent DOT1L inhibitors were identified with Ki values as low as 0.5 nM. These compounds also show high selectivity (>4500-fold) over three other histone methyltransferases. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds for their inhibitory activities against DOT1L are discussed. Potent DOT1L inhibitors exhibit selective activity against the proliferation of MLL-translocated leukemia cell lines MV4;11 and THP1 with EC50 values of 4-11 μM. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies showed that two representative inhibitors bind with a high affinity to the DOT1L:nucleosome complex and only compete with the enzyme cofactor SAM (S-adenosyl-l-methionine) but not the substrate nucleosome.
- Anglin, Justin L.,Deng, Lisheng,Yao, Yuan,Cai, Guobin,Liu, Zhen,Jiang, Hong,Cheng, Gang,Chen, Pinhong,Song, Yongcheng,Dong, Shuo
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p. 8066 - 8074,9
(2020/09/15)
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- N6-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-acetyladenosine; A convenient, missed out substrate for regioselective N6-alkylations
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A simple and efficient route to N6-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O- acetyladenosine (1) was developed based on selective N-deacetylation of pentaacetylated adenosine 2 with methanol at room temperature in the presence of imidazole. Preparative synthesis of 1 was elaborated utilizing a crude mixture of 2 and 1 which is produced by reaction of adenosine with acetic anhydride in pyridine at elevated temperatures. The total yield of 1 was 80-85% starting with adenosine. It was shown that 1 is a convenient substrate for selective N 6-alkylations. The study revealed the same regioselectivity in base-promoted reactions of 1 with activated alkyl halides and Mitsunobu reactions of 1 with alcohols. A series of N6-alkyladenosines 5a-f were prepared. Cytokinins 6b,d,e were prepared by enzymatic transformation of parent nucleoside derivatives 5b,d,e using a combination of nucleoside phosphorylase and alkaline phosphatase. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York.
- Tararov, Vitali I.,Kolyachkina, Svetlana V.,Alexeev, Cyril S.,Mikhailov, Sergey N.
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p. 2483 - 2489
(2011/09/20)
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- N6-Substituted adenosines. Cytokinin and antitumor activities
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A series of N6-adenosine derivatives were synthesized by alkylation of N6-acetyl-2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyladenosine (1) with alkyl halides and alcohols. It was shown that propargyl derivative 2a is a good substrate for copper(I) catalyzed Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition with azides. This click-reaction can be used for preparation of the libraries of 1,2,3-triazolyl modified adenosines. Biological activities of N6-adenosines were studied in two plant and six human cancer cell assays. The remarkable parallel between cytokinin and cytotoxic activities was found. The most cytokinin active compounds 3c-3e at the same time appeared to be the most potent cytotoxic agents.
- Kolyachkina, Svetlana V.,Tararov, Vitali I.,Alexeev, Cyril S.,Krivosheev, Dmitry M.,Romanov, Georgy A.,Stepanova, Evgenia V.,Solomko, Eliso S.,Inshakov, Andrey N.,Mikhailov, Sergey N.
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scheme or table
p. 1361 - 1378
(2012/04/04)
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- Structure-guided design of a methyl donor cofactor that controls a viral histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase activity
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vSET (a viral SET domain protein) is an attractive polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) surrogate to study the effect of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methylation on gene transcription, as both catalyze histone H3K27 trimethylation. To control the enzymatic activity of vSET in vivo with an engineered S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) analogue as methyl donor cofactor, we have carried out structure-guided design, synthesis, and characterization of orthogonal vSET methyltransferase mutant/SAM analogue pairs using a "bump-and-hole" strategy.
- Li, Jiaojie,Wei, Hua,Zhou, Ming-Ming
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7734 - 7738
(2012/01/13)
-
- N6-Alkyladenosines: Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity
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A series of adenosine analogues differently substituted in N 6-position were synthesized to continue our studies on the relationships between structure and biological activity of iPA. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by standard studies of 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. These molecules were then evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity on bladder cancer cells. We found that some of these compounds possess anti-proliferative activity but have no effect on cell invasion and metalloprotease activity.
- Ottria, Roberta,Casati, Silvana,Baldoli, Erika,Maier, Jeanette A.M.,Ciuffreda, Pierangela
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experimental part
p. 8396 - 8402
(2011/02/22)
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- Preparation of (2?-5?)-oligonucleotides based on 6-N- benzylaminopurineriboside using the Spicaria violacea fungal enzyme complex
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A method for chemico-enzymatic synthesis of (2?-5?)-oligonucleotides with 6-N-benzylaminopurineriboside as the nucleoside units was proposed. The method consisted of enzymatic hydrolysis of the oligonucleotides with mixed (2?-5?)-(3?-5?)-phosphodiesterbonds that were prepared by polymerization of 6-N-benzyladenosine-2?(3?)-monophosphate by using (3?-5?)-specific nuclease and phosphatase contained in the filtrate of culture medium of the mycelial fungus Spicaria violacea.
- Kulak,Tkachenko,Grishan,Kukharskaya,Eroshevskaya,Kalinichenko,Zinchenko
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experimental part
p. 74 - 78
(2009/07/18)
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- Inhibition of siderophore biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with nucleoside bisubstrate analogues: Structure-activity relationships of the nucleobase domain of 5′-O-[N-(salicyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine
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5′-O-[N-(salicyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (Sal-AMS) is a prototype for a new class of antitubercular agents that inhibit the aryl acid adenylating enzyme (AAAE) known as MbtA involved in biosynthesis of the mycobactins. Herein, we report the structure-based design, synthesis, biochemical, and biological evaluation of a comprehensive and systematic series of analogues, exploring the structure-activity relationship of the purine nucleobase domain of Sal-AMS. Significantly, 2-phenyl-Sal-AMS derivative 26 exhibited exceptionally potent antitubercular activity with an MIC99 under iron-deficient conditions of 0.049 μM while the N-6-cyclopropyl-Sal-AMS 16 led to improved potency and to a 64-enhancement in activity under iron-deficient conditions relative to iron-replete conditions, a phenotype concordant with the designed mechanism of action. The most potent MbtA inhibitors disclosed here display in vitro antitubercular activity superior to most current first line TB drugs, and these compounds are also expected to be useful against a wide range of pathogens that require aryl-capped siderphores for virulence.
- Neres, Jo?o,Labello, Nicholas P.,Somu, Ravindranadh V.,Boshoff, Helena I.,Wilson, Daniel J.,Vannada, Jagadeshwar,Chen, Liqiang,Barry III, Clifton E.,Bennett, Eric M.,Aldrich, Courtney C.
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experimental part
p. 5349 - 5370
(2009/07/01)
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- An enzymatic transglycosylation of purine bases
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An enzymatic transglycosylation of purine heterocyclic bases employing readily available natural nucleosides or sugar-modified nucleosides as donors of the pentofuranose fragment and recombinant nucleoside phosphorylases as biocatalysts has been investigated. An efficient enzymatic method is suggested for the synthesis of purine nucleosides containing diverse substituents at the C6 and C2 carbon atoms. The glycosylation of N6-benzoyladenine and N2-acetylguanine and its O6-derivatives is not accompanied by deacylation of bases. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Roivainen, Jarkko,Elizarova, Tatiana,Lapinjoki, Seppo,Mikhailopulo, Igor A.,Esipov, Roman S.,Miroshnikov, Anatoly I.
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p. 905 - 909
(2008/09/17)
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- High-throughput five minute microwave accelerated glycosylation approach to the synthesis of nucleoside libraries
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The Vorbrueggen glycosylation reaction was adapted into a one-step 5 min/130 °C microwave assisted reaction. Triethanolamine in acetontrile containing 2% water was determined to be optimal for the neutralization of trimethylsilyl inflate allowing for direct MPLC purification of the reaction mixture. When coupled with a NH3/methanol deprotection reaction, a high-throughput method of nucleoside library synthesis was enabled. The method was demonstrated by examining the ribosylation of 48 nitrogen containing heteroaromatic bases that included 25 purines, four pyrazolopyrimidines, two 8-azapurines, one 2-azapurine, two imidazopyridines, two benzimidazoles, three imidazoles, three 1,2,4-triazoles, two pyrimidines, two 3-deazapyrimidines, one quinazolinedione, and one alloxazine. Of these, 32 yielded single regioisomer products, and six resulted in separable mixtures. Seven examples provided inseparable regioisomer mixtures of -two to three compounds (16 nucleosides), and three examples failed to yield isolable products. For the 45 single isomers isolated, the average two-step overall yield ± SD was 26 ± 16%, and the average purity ± SD was 95 ± 6%. A total of 58 different nucleosides were prepared of which 15 had not previously been accessed directly from glycosylation/deprotection of a readily available base.
- Bookser, Brett C.,Raffaele, Nicholas B.
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p. 173 - 179
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of N6-benzyladenosine analogues as potential anti-toxoplasma agents
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Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for toxoplasmosis. T. gondii is a purine auxotroph incapable of de novo purine biosynthesis and depends on salvage pathways for its purine requirements. Adenosine kinase (EC.2.7.1.20) is the major enzyme in the salvage of purines in these parasites. 6-Benzylthioinosine and analogues were established as "subversive substrates" for the T. gondii, but not for the human adenosine kinase. Therefore, these compounds act as selective anti-toxoplasma agents. In the present study, a series of N6-benzyladenosine analogues were synthesized from 6-chloropurine riboside with substituted benzylamines via solution phase parallel synthesis. These N6-benzyladenosine analogues were evaluated for their binding affinity to purified T. gondii adenosine kinase. Furthermore, the anti-toxoplasma efficacy and host toxicity of these compounds were tested in cell culture. Certain substituents on the aromatic ring improved binding affinity to T. gondii adenosine kinase when compared to the unsubstituted N6-benzyladenosine. Similarly, varying the type and position of the substituents on the aromatic ring led to different degrees of potency and selectivity as anti-toxoplasma agents. Among the synthesized analogues, N6-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)adenosine exhibited the most favorable anti-toxoplasma activity without host toxicity. The binding mode of the synthesized N6-benzyladenosine analogues were characterized to illustrate the role of additional hydrophobic effect and van der Waals interaction within an active site of T. gondii adenosine kinase by induced fit molecular modeling.
- Kim, Young Ah,Sharon, Ashoke,Chu, Chung K.,Rais, Reem H.,Al Safarjalani, Omar N.,Naguib, Fardos N.M.,el Kouni, Mahmoud H.
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p. 1558 - 1572
(2008/02/08)
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- Inhibitors of RecA activities for control of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens
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Compounds for modulating RecA protein activity are provided. In some embodiments, the compounds modulate RecA activity by interfering with assembly of monomeric RecA protein subunits into a nucleoprotein filament. In some embodiments, the compounds modulate RecA activity by interfering with adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis by the RecA protein. Methods of screening for and methods of using the compounds are also provided.
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Page/Page column 31; 32
(2008/06/13)
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- A highly facile and efficient one-step synthesis of N6-adenosine and N6-2′-deoxyadenosine derivatives
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A highly facile and efficient one-step synthesis of N6-adenosine and N6-2′-deoxyadenosine derivatives has been developed. Treatment of inosine or 2′-deoxyinosine, without protection of sugar hydroxyl groups, with alkyl or arylamines, in the presence of BOP and DIPEA in DMF, led to the formation of N6- adenosine and N6-2′-deoxyadenosine derivatives in good to excellent yields. Carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) N 6-2′-deoxyadenosine adduct 10 and a rare DNA constituent 11 were thus synthesized directly from 2′-deoxyinosine both in 98% yield.
- Wan, Zhao-Kui,Binnun, Eva,Wilson, Douglas P.,Lee, Jinbo
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p. 5877 - 5880
(2007/10/03)
-
- A molecular target for suppression of the evolution of antibiotic resistance: Inhibition of the Escherichia coli RecA protein by N 6-(1-naphthyl)-ADP
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We report that N6-(1-naphthyl)-ADP (1) inhibits the Escherichia coli RecA protein in vitro. A novel rapid screen identified 1 as a potent inhibitor of RecA nucleoprotein filament formation, and further characterization established 1 as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of RecA-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis. 1 and other inhibitors of RecA activities represent a new approach for understanding the molecular targets and pathways involved in the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
- Lee, Andrew M.,Ross, Christian T.,Zeng, Bu-Bing,Singleton, Scott F.
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p. 5408 - 5411
(2007/10/03)
-
- Partial and full agonists of A1 adenosine receptors
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Disclosed are novel compounds that are partial and full A1 adenosine receptor agonists, useful for treating various disease states, in particular tachycardia and atrial flutter, angina, myocardial infarction and hyperlipidemia.
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- Design of allele-specific protein methyltransferase inhibitors
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Protein arginine methyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to arginine side chains in target proteins, regulate transcription, RNA processing, and receptor-mediated signaling. To specifically address the functional role of the individual members of this family, we took a "bump-and-hole" approach and designed a series of N6-substituted S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) analogues that are targeted toward a yeast protein methyltransferase RMT1. A point mutation was identified (E117G) in Rmt1 that renders the enzyme susceptible to selective inhibition by the SAH analogues. A mass spectrometry based enzymatic assay revealed that two compounds, N6-benzyl- and N6-naphthylmethyl-SAH, can inhibit the mutant enzyme over the wild-type with the selectivity greater than 20. When the E117G mutation was introduced into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome, the methylation of Np13p, a known in vivo Rmt1 substrate, could be moderately reduced by N6-naphthylmethyl-SAH in the resulting allele. In addition, an N6-benzyl-SAM analogue was found to serve as an orthogonal SAM cofactor. This analogue is preferentially utilized by the mutant methyltransferase relative to the wild-type enzyme with a selectivity greater than 67. This specific enzyme/inhibitor and enzyme/substrate design should be applicable to other members of this protein family and facilitate the characterization of protein methyltransferase function in vivo when combined with RNA expression analysis.
- Lin,Jiang,Schultz,Gray
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p. 11608 - 11613
(2007/10/03)
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- Mild and efficient functionalization at C6 of purine 2′-deoxynucleosides and ribonucleosides
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(Equation Presented) Treatment of sugar-protected inosine and 2′-deoxyinosine derivatives with a cyclic secondary amine or imidazole and I2/Ph3P/EtN(i-Pr)2/(CH2-Cl 2 or toluene) gave quantitative conversions into 6-N-(substituted)purine nucleosides. SNAr reactions with (imidazol-1-yl) derivatives gave 6-(N, O, or S)-substituted products. The 6-(benzylsulfonyl) group underwent SNAr displacement with an arylamine at ambient temperature.
- Lin, Xiaoyu,Robins, Morris J.
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p. 3497 - 3499
(2007/10/03)
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- N6,5'-disubstituted adenosine derivatives as partial agonists for the human adenosine A3 receptor
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5'-(Alkylthio)-substituted analogues of N6-benzyl- and N6-(3- iodobenzyl)adenosine were synthesized in 37-61% overall yields. The affinities of these compounds for the adenosine A1, A(2A), and A3 receptors were determined using rat brain cortex, rat brain striata, and stably transfected human A3 receptors in HEK 293 cells, respectively. The compounds proved to be selective for the adenosine A3 receptor and displayed affinities in the nanomolar range. Compounds 8, 10, and 11 had the highest affinities for the A3 receptor with K(i) values ranging from 8.8 to 27.7 nM. In the N6-benzyl series, compound 4 (LUF 5403), with a 5'-methylthio group, maintained a reasonable affinity and had the highest selectivity for the A3 receptor. Compound 12 (LUF 5411), with an N6-(3-iodobenzyl) group and a 5'- (n-propylthio) substituent, had the highest A3 selectivity of all of the compounds and also displayed high affinity for this receptor (K(i) = 44.3 nM). The compounds were also evaluated for their ability to stimulate [35S]GTPγ[S] binding in cell membranes expressing the human adenosine A3 receptor. It appeared that the N6,5'-disubstituted adenosine derivatives behaved as partial agonists. Compounds 2, 4, 8, and 10 had the highest intrinsic activities. Additionally, when tested in a cAMP assay, these compounds also behaved as partial agonists.
- Van Tilburg, Erica W.,Von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel, Jacobien,De Groote, Miriam,Vollinga, Roel C.,Lorenzen, Anna,IJzerman, Ad P.
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p. 1393 - 1400
(2007/10/03)
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- A newly devised method for the debenzylation of N6-benzyladenosines. A convenient synthesis of [6-15N]-labeled adenosines
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[6-15N]-Labeled adenosine was conveniently prepared from inosine (1a) by the silylation-benzylamination of 1a and subsequent oxidative debenzylation with ammonium peroxydisulfate in a pH 7.2 buffer solution.
- Sako,Ishikura,Hirota,Maki
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p. 1239 - 1246
(2007/10/02)
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- Anti-dementia agents
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An anti-dementia agent comprising as an active ingredient an adenosine derivative is disclosed. The anti-dementia agent is useful in the therapy of various types of dementia, especially senile dementia. Examples of the adenosine derivative include L-N6 -phenylisopropyl-adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine, N6 -cyclohexyladenosine, adenosine-5'-(N-cyclopropyl)carboxamide.
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- Use of adenosine derivatives as anticonvulsants
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Adenosine derivatives of formula I STR1 wherein R is H, F, Cl, Br or CF 3, and their physiologically acceptable acid addition salts, are valuable anticonvulsants.
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- 1,N6-Etheno-Bridged Adenines and Adenosines. Alkyl Substitution, Fluorescence Properties, and Synthetic Applications
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It has been shown that the reaction of chloroacetaldehyde with adenosine at pH 4.5 and 37 deg C that produces the fluorescent ε-adenosine species will not develop interfering fluorescence with N6-alkyladenosines.The preferred site of methylation and benzylation of ε-adenosine and ε-adenine was established as N(9) (a) by acidic ring opening of the products to substituted aminobiimidazoles in which the two etheno protons were nonequivalent; (b) by reaction of N6-substituted adenines with chloroacetaldehyde followed by polyphosphoric acid to dehydrate the intermediate to an N(9)-substituted ε-adenine for an unequivocal synthesis.The fluorescence of the ε-adenosine and ε-adenine species at pH 7.0 has again been confirmed, and the fluorescence properties of their N(9)-alkylated derivatives under neutral and acidic conditions have been determined.It has been shown possible, earlier reports to the contrary, to prepare N6-substituted adenosines through Schiff-base formation on the 6-NH2.The general method involves the use of sodium cyanohydridoborate to bring about reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones at acidic pH and is exemplified by the synthesis of N6-ethyladenosine, N6-benzyladenosine, and N6-furfuryladenosine (kinetin riboside), using large excesses of aldehyde and reducing agent.
- Sattsangi, Prem D.,Barrio, Jorge R.,Leonard, Nelson J.
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p. 770 - 774
(2007/10/02)
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