- Novel 1,3,5-triazinyl aminobenzenesulfonamides incorporating aminoalcohol, aminochalcone and aminostilbene structural motifs as potent anti-vre agents, and carbonic anhydrases i, ii, vii, ix, and xii inhibitors
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A series of 1,3,5-triazinyl aminobenzenesulfonamides substituted by aminoalcohol, ami-nostilbene, and aminochalcone structural motifs was synthesized as potential human carbonic an-hydrase (hCA) inhibitors. The compounds were evaluated on their inhibition
- Angeli, Andrea,Brázdová, Marie,Cs?llei, Jozef,Garaj, Vladimír,Havránková, Eva,Jampílek, Josef,Kemka, Miroslav,Mascaretti, ?árka,Moty?ka, Jozef,Soldánová, Zuzana,Supuran, Claudiu T.
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- Heterobimetallic Pd/Mn and Pd/Co complexes as efficient and stereoselective catalysts for sequential Cu-free Sonogashira coupling–alkyne semi-hydrogenation reactions
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A series of heterobimetallic PdII/MII complexes (MII = Mn, Co) were synthesised and tested as precatalysts for sequential Sonogashira coupling–alkyne semi-hydrogenation reactions to form Z-aryl alkenes. The carbometalated heterobimetallic PdII/CoII complex CoPdL3′ demonstrated an apparent cooperative effect compared to the corresponding monometallic counterparts. This compound was identified as a potent single-molecule catalyst for the one-pot Cu-free Sonogashira coupling of aryl bromides with terminal alkynes followed by chemo- and stereoselective semi-hydrogenation of the alkyne intermediate using NH3·BH3 as a hydrogen source. Furthermore, different aromatic substrates have been tested to show the generality of the reaction for the synthesis of Z-alkenes, including biologically active combretastatin A-4. In addition, the homogeneous nature of the catalytically active species was demonstrated.
- Baweja, Saral,Clauss, Reike,Gelman, Dmitri,Hey-Hawkins, Evamarie
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p. 1344 - 1356
(2022/02/03)
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- COPPER NANOPARTICLE BASED CHEMOSELECTIVE REDUCTION
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The instant invention provides processes for a chemo selective reduction of a nitro group within a compound in the presence of other groups which can also be reduced. This aspect of the present invention provides an ammonia borane (AB) initiated chemoselective reduction process of a nitro group contained within a compound in the presence of a copper (Cu) nanoparticle based catalyst. The invention is also directed to Copper (Cu) nanoparticle (NP) based catalysts, selected from Cu/WOx, Cu/SiO2, and Cu/C; wherein x represents an integer having a value of from about 2 to about 3.5, used in the chemo selective reduction of a nitro group contained within a compound in the presence of other groups which can also be reduced.
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-
Paragraph 0050; 0051
(2021/11/20)
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- Effect of the Linking Group on the Thermoelectric Properties of Poly(Schiff Base)s and Their Metallopolymers
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As polymer-based thermoelectric (TE) materials possess attractive features such as light weight, flexibility, low toxicity and ease of processibility, an increasing number of conducting polymers and their composites with high TE performances have been developed in recent years. Up to date, however, the research focusing on the structure-performance relationship remains rare. In this paper, two series of poly(Schiff base)s with either C=C or C≡C linker and their metallopolymers were synthesized and doped with single-walled carbon nanotubes to evaluate how the linking groups affected the TE properties of the resulting composites. Apart from the effect exerted by the morphology, experimental results suggested that the linkers played a key role in determining the band gaps, preferred molecular conformation and extent of conjugation of the polymers, which became key factors that influenced the TE properties of the resulting materials. Additionally, upon coordination with transition metal ions, the TE properties could be tuned readily.
- Li, Jiahua,Wang, Zitong,Sun, Zelin,Xu, Linli,Wong, Wai-Yeung
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supporting information
p. 1911 - 1917
(2021/06/21)
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- Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Using an Air-Stable Base-Metal Catalyst
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The reduction of nitroarenes to anilines as well as azobenzenes to hydrazobenzenes using a single base-metal catalyst is reported. The hydrogenation reactions are performed with an air-and moisture-stable manganese catalyst and proceed under relatively mild reaction conditions. The transformation tolerates a broad range of functional groups, affording aniline derivatives and hydrazobenzenes in high yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via a bifunctional activation involving metal-ligand cooperative catalysis.
- Zubar, Viktoriia,Dewanji, Abhishek,Rueping, Magnus
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supporting information
p. 2742 - 2747
(2021/05/05)
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- Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligand-Promoted Nitro Deoxygenative Hydroboration with Chromium Catalysis: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications
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Transition metal catalysis that utilizes N-heterocyclic carbenes as noninnocent ligands in promoting transformations has not been well studied. We report here a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligand-promoted nitro deoxygenative hydroboration with cost-effective chromium catalysis. Using 1 mol % of CAAC-Cr precatalyst, the addition of HBpin to nitro scaffolds leads to deoxygenation, allowing for the retention of various reducible functionalities and the compatibility of sensitive groups toward hydroboration, thereby providing a mild, chemoselective, and facile strategy to form anilines, as well as heteroaryl and aliphatic amine derivatives, with broad scope and particularly high turnover numbers (up to 1.8 × 106). Mechanistic studies, based on theoretical calculations, indicate that the CAAC ligand plays an important role in promoting polarity reversal of hydride of HBpin; it serves as an H-shuttle to facilitate deoxygenative hydroboration. The preparation of several commercially available pharmaceuticals by means of this strategy highlights its potential application in medicinal chemistry.
- Zhao, Lixing,Hu, Chenyang,Cong, Xuefeng,Deng, Gongda,Liu, Liu Leo,Luo, Meiming,Zeng, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 1618 - 1629
(2021/01/25)
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- NiFe2O4@SiO2@ZrO2/SO42-/Cu/Co nanoparticles: A novel, efficient, magnetically recyclable and bimetallic catalyst for Pd-free Suzuki, Heck and C-N cross-coupling reactions in aqueous media
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The novel heterogeneous bimetallic nanoparticles of Cu-Co were synthesized based on magnetic nanoparticles, and the magnetic nanocatalyst was characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX mapping, BET, TEM, HRTEM, FTIR, TGA, and VSM. This catalyst was successfully applied as a recyclable magnetically catalyst in Heck, Suzuki, and C-N cross-coupling reactions with various aryl halides (iodides, bromides, and chlorides as challengeable substrates), with olefins, phenylboronic acid, and amines, respectively. We considered the rise of synergetic effects from the different Lewis acid and Br?nsted acid sites present in the catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized with cheap, available materials and a simple synthesis method. The catalyst can be separated easily using an external magnet. It was recycled for more than ten runs without a sensible loss of its catalytic activity, and no significant leaching of the Cu and Co quantity was observed. The significant benefits of the method are high-level generality, simple operation, and there are no heavy metals and toxic solvents. This is a quick, easy, efficacious and environmentally friendly protocol, and no by-products are formed in the reaction. These features make it an appropriate practical alternative protocol. In comparison with recent works, the other advantage of this catalyst is the synthesis of a wide variety of C-C and C-N bond derivatives (more than 40 derivatives). The other significant advantage is the low temperature of the reaction and the use of the least possible amount of the catalyst (0.003 g). The efficiency was good to excellent and the catalyst selectivity has been high. We aspire that our study inspires more interest to design novel catalysts based on using low-cost metal ions (such as cobalt and copper) in the cross-coupling reactions. This journal is
- Alavi G., Seyyedeh Ameneh,Nasseri, Mohammad Ali,Kazemnejadi, Milad,Allahresani, Ali,Hussainzadeh, Mahdi
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p. 7741 - 7757
(2021/05/13)
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- A new Pd(II)-supported catalyst on magnetic SBA-15 for C-C bond formation via the Heck and Hiyama cross-coupling reactions
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Magnetic mesoporous silica composite (MNP@SiO2-SBA) was obtained via embedding magnetite nanoparticles between SBA-15 channels. It was silylated with N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)picolinamide (TMS-PCA) and then complexed with Pd(II). The obtained supported Pd(II) catalyst (MNP@SiO2-SBA-PCA) was characterized by conventional methods. The prepared magnetic catalyst showed high activity in the Heck and Hiyama reactions under optimal reaction conditions, including solvent, amount of catalyst, base, and temperature. Aryl bromides and iodides showed better results than aryl chlorides, and the catalyst exhibited noticeable stability and reused several times.
- Rahimi, Leila,Mansoori, Yagoub,Nuri, Ayat,Koohi-Zargar, Behzad,Esquivel, Dolores
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- A New Nitrogen Pd(II) Complex Immobilized on Magnetic Mesoporous Silica: A Retrievable Catalyst for C–C Bond Formation
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Abstract: A new nitrogen ligand, i.e. 1,3-di-(o-aminophenoxy)-2-propyl propargyl ether (DPPE), has been synthesized and characterized. Magnetic mesoporous silica composite (MNP@SiO2-SBA) was obtained via embedding magnetite nano-particles (MNPs) between SBA-15 channels. DPPE palladium dichloride (MNP@SiO2-SBA-DPPE-Pd(II)) was then prepared via click chemistry and fully characterized. The activity and recyclability of supported magnetic Pd(II) catalyst were evaluated in Heck coupling reaction after optimizing the optimal reaction conditions including solvent, amount of catalyst, base and temperature. Aryl iodides and aryl bromides showed enhanced activity compared to those of aryl chlorides in the Heck reaction. The catalyst was easily separated magnetically, reused in five runs sequentially, and no significant loss of activity was observed. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Mousavi, Samira,Mansoori, Yagoub,Nuri, Ayat,Koohi-Zargar, Behzad
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p. 1923 - 1936
(2020/11/30)
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- Method for preparing amine through catalytic reduction of nitro compound by cyclic (alkyl) (amino) carbene chromium complex
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The cyclic (alkyl) (amino) carbene chromium complex is prepared from corresponding ligand salt, alkali and CrCl3 and used for catalyzing pinacol borane to reduce nitro compounds in an ether solvent under mild conditions to generate corresponding amine. The method for preparing amine has the advantages of cheap and accessible raw materials, mild reaction conditions, wide substrate application range, high selectivity and the like, and is simple to operate.
- -
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Paragraph 0015
(2021/04/17)
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- Copper(0) nanoparticle catalyzed Z-Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Internal Alkynes
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The use of copper(0) nanoparticles in the transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes has been investigated as a lead-free alternative to Lindlar catalysts. A stereo-selective methodology for the hydrogenation of internal alkynes to the corresponding (Z)-alkenes in high isolated yields (86% average) has been developed. This green and sustainable transfer hydrogenation protocol relies on non-noble copper nanoparticles for reduction of both electron-rich and electron-deficient, aliphatic-substituted and aromatic- substituted internal alkynes. Polyols, such as ethylene glycol and glycerol, have been proven to act as hydrogen sources, and excellent stereo- and chemoselectivity have been observed. Enabling technologies, such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation are shown to enhance heat and mass transfer, whether used alone or in combination, resulting in a decrease in reaction time from hours to minutes. (Figure presented.).
- Moran, Maria Jesus,Martina, Katia,Bieliunas, Vidmantas,Baricco, Francesca,Tagliapietra, Silvia,Berlier, Gloria,De Borggraeve, Wim M.,Cravotto, Giancarlo
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supporting information
p. 2850 - 2860
(2021/05/06)
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- A simple and efficientin situgenerated copper nanocatalyst for stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes
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Development of a simple, effective, and practical method for (Z)-selective semihydrogenation of alkynes has been considered necessary for easy-to-access applications at organic laboratory scales. Herein, (Z)-selective semihydrogenation of alkynes was achieved using a copper nanocatalyst which was generatedin situsimply by adding ammonia borane to an ethanol solution of copper sulfate. Different types of alkynes including aryl-aryl, aryl-alkyl, and aliphatic alkynes were selectively reduced to (Z)-alkenes affording up to 99% isolated yield. The semihydrogenation of terminal alkynes to alkenes and gram-scale applications were also reported. In addition to eliminating catalyst preparation, the proposed approach is simple and practical and serves as a suitable alternative method to the conventional Lindlar catalyst.
- Park, Byoung Yong,Lim, Taeho,Han, Min Su
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supporting information
p. 6891 - 6894
(2021/07/19)
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- Dinuclear cobalt complex-catalyzed stereodivergent semireduction of alkynes: Switchable selectivities controlled by H2O
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Catalytic semireduction of internal alkynes to alkenes is very important for organic synthesis. Although great success has been achieved in this area, switchable Z/E stereoselectivity based on a single catalyst for the semireduction of internal alkynes is a longstanding challenge due to the multichemo- and stereoselectivity, especially based on less-expensive earth-abundant metals. Herein, we describe a switchable semireduction of alkynes to (Z)- or (E)-alkenes catalyzed by a dinuclear cobalt complex supported by a macrocyclic bis pyridyl diimine (PDI) ligand. It was found that cis-reduction of the alkyne occurs first and the Z-E alkene stereoisomerization process is formally controlled by the amount of H2O, since the concentration of H2O may influence the catalytic activity of the catalyst for isomerization. Therefore, this protocol provides a facile way to switch to either the (Z)- or (E)-olefin isomer in a single transformation by adjusting the amount of water.
- Chen, Ke,Zhu, Hongdan,Li, Yuling,Peng, Qian,Guo, Yinlong,Wang, Xiaoming
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p. 13696 - 13705
(2021/11/16)
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- Illuminating Stannylation
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We have developed photoboosted stannylation reactions of terminal alkynes (linear-selective hydrostannylation) and fluoroarenes (defluorostannylation), in which the stannyl anion is photoexcited to an excited triplet (T1) stannyl diradical species. This u
- Sakamoto, Kyoka,Nagashima, Yuki,Wang, Chao,Miyamoto, Kazunori,Tanaka, Ken,Uchiyama, Masanobu
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supporting information
p. 5629 - 5635
(2021/05/04)
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- Mizoroki-Heck carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions by water-soluble palladium (II) complexes in neat water
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Water-soluble palladium complexes were synthesized, characterized, tested as (pre)catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions in water. Cross-coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with methyl and ethyl acrylates was achieved at 140 °
- Makhubela, Banothile C. E.,Matsinha, Leah C.,Moyo, Pamela S.
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supporting information
(2021/08/03)
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- Palladium Loaded Dendronized Polymer as Efficient Polymeric Sustainable Catalyst for Heck Coupling Reaction
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The palladium incorporated amine-functionalized dendronized polymer was synthesized by the addition of palladium acetate to dendronized polymer in methanol at room temperature. Palladium species are immobilized onto the dendritic structure by their coordination with amino functional groups. The newly developed dendritic system showed high palladium content in the low generation level itself, which was found to be 4.19?mmol/g. This was fairly higher than, the other palladium-based catalysts. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm the successful synthesis of the new catalyst. It was used as a homogeneous palladium catalyst for Heck coupling reaction between olefins and differently substituted aryl halides and the products were isolated in high yield. The products isolated were in trans configuration, which indicated the selectivity of the newly developed catalytic system. Also, this catalyst system was reused up to nine times without a significant decrease in its catalytic activity. The easy accessibility of catalytic sites, stability, resistance to metal leaching, high catalytic activity and remarkable stereoselectivity with a low amount of catalyst are all due to the dendritic support. The docking study was carried out for all the stilbene derivatives obtained by the Heck coupling reaction against DprE1 protein to study its potential antitubercular activity. All the compounds displayed superior docking score values over the range ??6.5 to ??8.2?kcal/mol, compared to the standard drug isoniazid with docking score of ??6.1?kcal/mol against DprE1. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Hiba, K.,Krishna, G. Anjali,Prathapan, S.,Sreekumar, K.
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- Photocatalyst-free visible light promoted: E → Z isomerization of alkenes
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A simple and green method of visible light driven photocatalytic E to Z isomerization of alkenes has been developed. A variety of (Z)-alkenes can be prepared in the presence of visible light, without any additional photocatalyst. This protocol features photocatalyst-free conditions, which are mild, tolerant, and operationally simple, and is easy to implement.
- Xu, Jianbin,Liu, Na,Lv, Haiping,He, Chixian,Liu, Zining,Shen, Xianfu,Cheng, Feixiang,Fan, Baomin
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supporting information
p. 2739 - 2743
(2020/06/17)
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- A Simple Nickel Catalyst Enabling an E-Selective Alkyne Semihydrogenation
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Stereoselective alkyne semihydrogenations are attractive approaches to alkenes, which are key building blocks for synthesis. With regards to the most atom-economic reducing agent dihydrogen (H2), only few catalysts for the challenging E-selective alkyne semihydrogenation have been disclosed, each with a unique substrate scope profile. Here, we show that a commercially available nickel catalyst facilitates the E-selective alkyne semihydrogenation of a wide variety of substituted internal alkynes. This results in a simple and broadly applicable overall protocol to stereoselectively access E-alkenes employing H2, which could serve as a general method for synthesis.
- Thiel, Niklas O.,Kaewmee, Benyapa,Tran Ngoc, Trung,Teichert, Johannes F.
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p. 1597 - 1603
(2020/02/05)
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- Ruthenium-Catalyzed E-Selective Alkyne Semihydrogenation with Alcohols as Hydrogen Donors
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Selective direct ruthenium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of diaryl alkynes to the corresponding E-alkenes has been achieved using alcohols as the hydrogen source. The method employs a simple ruthenium catalyst, does not require external ligands, and affords the desired products in > 99% NMR yield in most cases (up to 93% isolated yield). Best results were obtained using benzyl alcohol as the hydrogen donor, although biorenewable alcohols such as furfuryl alcohol could also be applied. In addition, tandem semihydrogenation-alkylation reactions were demonstrated, with potential applications in the synthesis of resveratrol derivatives.
- Ekebergh, Andreas,Begon, Romain,Kann, Nina
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p. 2966 - 2975
(2020/03/04)
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- Method for synthesizing trans-olefin compound
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The invention discloses a trans-olefin compound synthesis method, which comprises: carrying out a heating reaction on an alkyne compound represented by a general formula (I), a reducing agent and a solvent to obtain a trans-olefin compound represented by a general formula (II), wherein the synthesis route is as follows: R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl;wherein the reducing agent is a sulfur-containing compound and is selected from at least one of thioacetamide, N,N-dimethyl dithiocarbamate dimethyl ammonium salt, dimethyl amino sodium dithioformatedihydrate, potassium ethyl xanthate and potassium isopropyl xanthate. According to the method, a cheap, efficient and safe reducing agent is utilized to realize high-selectivity reduction of alkyne to prepare trans-olefin under the condition of no transition metal catalysis, so that the method is simple and easy to implement, wide in substrate application range and easy to realize industrialization.
- -
-
Paragraph 0107-0110
(2020/06/20)
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- An Annelated Mesoionic Carbene (MIC) Based Ru(II) Catalyst for Chemo- And Stereoselective Semihydrogenation of Internal and Terminal Alkynes
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The catalytic utility of [RuL1(CO)2I2] (1), containing an annelated π-conjugated imidazo-naphthyridine-based mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligand (L1), is evaluated for E-selective alkyne semihydrogenation. The precatalyst 1, in combination with 2 equiv of AgBArF, semihydrogenates a broad range of internal alkynes with molecular hydrogen (5 bar) in water. (E)-Alkenes are accessed in high yields, and a number of reducible functional groups are tolerated. A chelate MIC ligand and two cis carbonyls provide a well-defined platform at the Ru center for hydrogenation and isomerization. The loss of two iodides and the presence of two carbonyls render the Ru center electron deficient and thus the formation of metal vinylidenes with terminal alkynes is avoided. This is leveraged for the semihydrogenation of terminal alkynes by the same catalytic system in isopropyl alcohol. Reaction profile, isomerization, kinetic, and DFT studies reveal initial alkyne hydrogenation to a (Z)-alkene, which further isomerizes to an (E)-alkene via metal-catalyzed Z → E isomerization.
- Bera, Jitendra K.,Choudhury, Joyanta,Das, Shubhajit,Dutta, Indranil,Pati, Swapan K.,Saha, Sayantani,Yadav, Suman
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p. 3212 - 3223
(2020/10/02)
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- Superior activity and selectivity of heterogenized cobalt catalysts for hydrogenation of nitroarenes
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The development of improved catalysts for highly selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes is described. For this purpose Co nanoparticles were supported on ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 and characterized in detail. The optimal CMK-3-CoPc catalyst exhibits excellent hydrogenation activity for several (hetero)aromatic nitro compounds and yielded the corresponding anilines under mild conditions (40 °C, 20 bar H2).
- Li, Wu,Artz, Jens,Broicher, Cornelia,Junge, Kathrin,Hartmann, Heinrich,Besmehn, Astrid,Palkovits, Regina,Beller, Matthias
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p. 157 - 162
(2019/01/10)
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- Synergistic Effects of ppm Levels of Palladium on Natural Clinochlore for Reduction of Nitroarenes
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Augmenting the modified naturally occurring clay clinochlore with ppm amounts of palladium leads to a new and very effective reagent for the reduction of numerous aromatic nitro species. When palladium nanoparticles are supported on pyridyltriazole-modified clinochlore, iron within clinochlore acts synergistically with palladium to catalyze the reduction of a wide variety of nitroarenes at room temperature in aqueous media. Based on E-factor calculations, the catalyst system is found to be in line with green chemistry standards and can be recycled up to five times.
- Gholinejad, Mohammad,Oftadeh, Erfan,Shojafar, Mohammad,Sansano, José M.,Lipshutz, Bruce H.
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p. 4240 - 4248
(2019/09/06)
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- Mesoporous Hierarchically Hollow Flower-Like CoAl-LDH@N,S-doped Graphene@Pd Nanoarchitectures for Heck Couplings
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Abstract: A smart strategy for the synthesis of hierarchical CoAl-LDH hollow spheres assembled with nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene for high holding of palladium nanoparticles (CoAl-LDH@N,S-G@Pd) is reported. This architecture exhibited excellent activity in Heck reactions with TOF as high as 1633?h?1 due to a strong metal–support interaction, good electron transfers and high surface area. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Rohani, Sahar,Mohammadi Ziarani, Ghodsi,Badiei, Alireza,Ziarati, Abolfazl,Luque, Rafael
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p. 2984 - 2993
(2019/07/05)
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- Bis(bipyridine) ruthenium(ii) bis(phosphido) metalloligand: Synthesis of heterometallic complexes and application to catalytic (E)-selective alkyne semi-hydrogenation
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The first phosphido derivative of the bis(bipyridine) ruthenium(ii) fragment, cis-[(bpy)2Ru(PPh2)2] ([RuP2]), has been developed and applied as a P-donor metalloligand to form new Ru-Rh, Ru-Ir and Ru2Cu2 heterometallic complexes. The Ru-Ir hydride complex [([RuP2])IrH(NCMe)3][BF4]2 exhibits significant catalytic activity for (E)-selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes.
- Takemoto, Shin,Kitamura, Manami,Saruwatari, Shuhei,Isono, Atsutaka,Takada, Yoko,Nishimori, Rie,Tsujiwaki, Mina,Sakaue, Naoki,Matsuzaka, Hiroyuki
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supporting information
p. 1161 - 1165
(2019/01/28)
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- Diboron-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Z-Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes Using Ethanol as a Hydrogen Donor
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We herein describe a B2Pin2-assisted copper-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes. A variety of alkenes were obtained in good to excellent yields with Z-selectivity under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that a transfer hydrogenation process was involved and ethanol acted as both a solvent and a hydrogen donor in this reaction. The present protocol enabled convenient synthesis of deuterium-substituted Z-alkenes such as Z-Combretastain A4-d2 in a high deuteration ratio by using readily available ethanol-d1 as the deuterium source.
- Bao, Hanyang,Zhou, Bingwei,Jin, Hongwei,Liu, Yunkui
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p. 3579 - 3589
(2019/03/11)
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- Cobalt catalyzed stereodivergent semi-hydrogenation of alkynes using H2O as the hydrogen source
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Cobalt-catalyzed stereodivergent semi-hydrogenation of internal alkynes to alkenes is developed. The reaction proceeded through transfer hydrogenation under mild conditions using a base metal CoI2 as the catalyst, and H2O/MeOH as the hydrogen source with Zn as the reductant. The E/Z-selectivity of the product could be switched by changing the solvent and by inclusion/exclusion of a bidentate phosphine ligand (dppe). This method provides a simple and cost effective pathway for the synthesis of 1,2-dideuterioalkenes.
- Li, Kangkui,Khan, Ruhima,Zhang, Xuexin,Gao, Yang,Zhou, Yongyun,Tan, Heng,Chen, Jingchao,Fan, Baomin
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supporting information
p. 5663 - 5666
(2019/05/21)
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- Monodisperse nickel-nanoparticles for stereo- and chemoselective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes
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Here, we report the use of monosaccharides for the preparation of novel nickel nanoparticles (NP), which constitute selective hydrogenation catalysts. For example, immobilization of fructose and Ni(OAc)2 on silica and subsequent pyrolysis under inert atmosphere produced graphitic shells encapsulated Ni-NP with uniform size and distribution. Interestingly, fructose acts as structure controlling compound to generate specific graphitic layers and the formation of monodisperse NP. The resulting stable and reusable catalysts allow for stereo- and chemoselective semihydrogenation of functionalized and structurally diverse alkynes in high yields and selectivity.
- Murugesan, Kathiravan,Alshammari, Ahmad S.,Sohail, Manzar,Beller, Matthias,Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.
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p. 372 - 377
(2019/01/26)
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- Xanthate-mediated synthesis of (E)-alkenes by semi-hydrogenation of alkynes using water as the hydrogen donor
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Semi-hydrogenation of alkynes is one of the most widely used methods for obtaining alkenes in laboratory preparation and in industry. Transition metal catalysts have been extensively studied for this transformation, but the tolerance of functional groups, such as pyridine,-OH,-NH2,-Bpin, and halides, and the toxicity of the trace amount of transition metal catalysts are still highly challenging. In this study, we report a general and robust strategy to achieve the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes using inexpensive and commercially available xanthate as the mediator. Mechanism studies support a non-radical process and H2O acts as the hydrogen donor.
- Luo, Xianglin,Chen, Xiuwen,Chen, Lu,Zhang, Kun,Li, Yibiao
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supporting information
p. 2170 - 2173
(2019/02/24)
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- Water as a Hydrogenating Agent: Stereodivergent Pd-Catalyzed Semihydrogenation of Alkynes
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Palladium-catalyzed transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes using H2O as the hydrogen source and Mn as the reducing reagent is developed, affording cis- and trans-alkenes selectively under mild conditions. In addition, this method provides an efficient way to access various cis-1,2-dideuterioalkenes and trans-1,2-dideuterioalkenes by using D2O instead of H2O.
- Zhao, Chuan-Qi,Chen, Yue-Gang,Qiu, Hui,Wei, Lei,Fang, Ping,Mei, Tian-Sheng
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supporting information
p. 1412 - 1416
(2019/03/07)
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- Highly active homoleptic nickel(II) bis-N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck cross-coupling reactions
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New homoleptic nickel(II) biscarbene complex was synthesized and structurally characterized. The complex depicted the excellent catalytic activities with only 3 mol% catalyst loading along with wide substrate scope for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions (twenty six examples) and Heck coupling reactions (eighteen examples).
- Nirmala, Muthukumaran,Arruri, Sathyanarayana,Vaddamanu, Moulali,Karupnaswamy, Ramesh,Mannarsamy, Maruthupandi,Adinarayana, Mannem,Ganesan, Prabusankar
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supporting information
p. 125 - 134
(2018/11/23)
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- Convenient and efficient Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by 1,3,4-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazolium iodide and palladium salt systems
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A series of 1,3,4-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazolium iodide salts (4a–c) were synthesized via a three-step reaction sequence. Corresponding anilines (1a–c) were converted to azides (2a–c) which were then treated with phenylacetylene with “Click” chemistry to access 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles (3a–c). Subsequent methylation of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles (3a–c) yielded 1,3,4-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazoliumiodide salts (4a–c) in appreciable yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, ATR–IR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. Additionally, the structure of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole (3b) was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic activity of 4a–c in a catalytic system consisting of 1,3,4-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazoliumiodide salt/palladium(II) acetate/base were investigated toward Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki cross-coupling reactions. The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions were carried out under mild reaction conditions with good to excellent yields, whereas Heck–Mizoroki cross-coupling reactions were performed at elevated temperature with moderate yields. Further, in situ method skips the synthetic procedure of preparing the palladium(II) complexes and hence is more economical and less tedious. (Figure presented.).
- Shahini,Achar, Gautam,Budagumpi, Srinivasa,Dateer, Ramesh B.,Müller-Bunz, Helge,Tacke, Matthias,Patil, Siddappa A.
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p. 528 - 549
(2019/02/26)
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- Cobalt-based nanoparticles prepared from MOF-carbon templates as efficient hydrogenation catalysts
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The development of efficient and selective nanostructured catalysts for industrially relevant hydrogenation reactions continues to be an actual goal of chemical research. In particular, the hydrogenation of nitriles and nitroarenes is of importance for the production of primary amines, which constitute essential feedstocks and key intermediates for advanced chemicals, life science molecules and materials. Herein, we report the preparation of graphene shell encapsulated Co3O4- and Co-nanoparticles supported on carbon by the template synthesis of cobalt-terephthalic acid MOF on carbon and subsequent pyrolysis. The resulting nanoparticles create stable and reusable catalysts for selective hydrogenation of functionalized and structurally diverse aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic nitriles, and as well as nitro compounds to primary amines (>65 examples). The synthetic and practical utility of this novel non-noble metal-based hydrogenation protocol is demonstrated by upscaling several reactions to multigram-scale and recycling of the catalyst.
- Murugesan, Kathiravan,Senthamarai, Thirusangumurugan,Sohail, Manzar,Alshammari, Ahmad S.,Pohl, Marga-Martina,Beller, Matthias,Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.
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p. 8553 - 8560
(2018/11/30)
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- Chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated nitro compounds to unsaturated amines by Ni-Sn alloy catalysts
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Ni-Sn alloy catalysts were prepared and applied to the hydrogenation of 4-nitrostyrene at 383423 K using H2 gas as the hydrogen donor. Ni3Sn2 alloy showed a significantly high conversion and selectivity towards 4-aminostyrene (Conv. 100%, Sel. 99%). Various unsaturated nitro compounds were also successfully converted into their corresponding unsaturated amines.
- Yamanaka, Nobutaka,Hara, Takayoshi,Ichikuni, Nobuyuki,Shimazu, Shogo
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p. 971 - 974
(2018/08/24)
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- Room-Temperature Chemoselective Reduction of 3-Nitrostyrene to 3-Vinylaniline by Ammonia Borane over Cu Nanoparticles
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We report a new strategy of controlling catalytic activity and selectivity of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) for the ammonia borane initiated hydrogenation reaction. Cu NPs are active and selective for chemoselective reduction of nitrostyrene to vinylaniline under ambient conditions. Their activity, selectivity, and more importantly, stability are greatly enhanced by their anchoring on WO2.72 nanorods, providing a room-temperature full conversion of nitrostyrene selectively to vinylaniline (>99% yield). Compared with all other catalysts developed thus far, our new Cu/WO2.72 catalyst shows much enhanced hydrogenation selectivity and stability without the use of pressured hydrogen. The synthetic approach demonstrated here can be extended to prepare various M/WO2.72 catalysts (M = Fe, Co, Ni), with M being stabilized for many chemical reactions.
- Shen, Mengqi,Liu, Hu,Yu, Chao,Yin, Zhouyang,Muzzio, Michelle,Li, Junrui,Xi, Zheng,Yu, Yongsheng,Sun, Shouheng
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supporting information
p. 16460 - 16463
(2018/12/11)
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- Heterogeneous Iron-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes under Water-Gas Shift Reaction Conditions
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Reduction of various nitroarenes in the presence of heterogeneous iron oxide-based catalyst Fe 2 O 3 /NGr@C under water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) conditions has been demonstrated. The catalytic material is prepared in a straightforward manner via deposition/pyrolysis of iron-phenanthroline complex on carbon support. It shows high chemoselectivity towards the reduction of nitroarenes in the presence of other reducible and/or poisoning-capable functional groups. Hydrogenation is achieved using CO/H 2 O as a hydrogen source. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the presence of triethylamine additive has a significant positive effect on the rate of reduction.
- Ryabchuk, Pavel,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 4369 - 4376
(2018/11/21)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes with Aryl Iodides Utilizing Hafnocene Difluoride as a Hafnium Hydride Precursor Leading to trans-Alkenes
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Herein, we describe a reductive cross-coupling of alkynes and aryl iodides by using a novel catalytic system composed of a catalytic amount of palladium dichloride and a promoter precursor, hafnocene difluoride (Cp2HfF2, Cp=cyclopentadienyl anion), in the presence of a mild reducing reagent, a hydrosilane, leading to a one-pot preparation of trans-alkenes. In this process, a series of coupling reactions efficiently proceeds through the following three steps: (i) an initial formation of hafnocene hydride from hafnocene difluoride and the hydrosilane, (ii) a subsequent hydrohafnation toward alkynes, and (iii) a final transmetalation of the alkenyl hafnium species to a palladium complex. This reductive coupling could be chemoselectively applied to the preparation of trans-alkenes with various functional groups, such as an alkyl group, a halogen, an ester, a nitro group, a heterocycle, a boronic ester, and an internal alkyne.
- Takahashi, Keita,Ogiwara, Yohei,Sakai, Norio
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supporting information
p. 809 - 814
(2018/03/13)
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- Pd(OAc)2 immobilized on imine-functionalized microporous covalent triazine polymer as efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reaction
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A template consisting of Pd(OAc)2 immobilized on imine-functionalized microporous covalent triazine polymer network (Pd/TATAE) was synthesized and found to be an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous solid catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck C–C coupling of styrene with substituted aryl halides under mild reaction conditions and without addition of any ligand or additives. Furthermore, Pd/TATAE could be recycled for nine consecutive cycles with minor loss of catalytic activity. Finally, the Pd/TATAE catalyst showed good catalytic activity with excellent yield of 96?% and high turnover number of 3349.
- Sadhasivam, Velu,Mathappan, Mariyappan,Harikrishnan, Muniyasamy,Chithiraikumar, Chinnadurai,Murugesan, Sepperumal,Siva, Ayyanar
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p. 2853 - 2866
(2018/02/16)
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- Catalytic activities of NHC-PdCl2 species based on functionalized tetradentate imidazolium salt in three types of C-C coupling reactions
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A functionalized tetradentate imidazolium salt 9,10-bis{di[2′-(N-ethylimidazolium-1-yl)ethyl]aminomethyl}anthracene tetrakis(hexafluorophosphate) (1) has been synthesized and characterized. The catalytic activity of the NHC-PdCl2 species formed by compound 1 and PdCl2 was tested in Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck-Mizoroki and Sonogashira reactions. The results showed that this catalytic system was effective for above three types of C-C coupling reactions.
- Liu, Qing-Xiang,Zhao, Dong-Xue,Wu, Hao,Zhao, Zhi-Xiang,Lv, Shi-Zhen
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- Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Catalyzed by Molybdenum Sulphide Clusters
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Herein, we describe an atom efficient and general protocol for the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines catalyzed by well-defined diimino and diamino cubane-type Mo3S4 clusters. The novel diimino [Mo3S4Cl3(dnbpy)3]+ ([5]+) (dnbpy=4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-dipyridyl, L1) trinuclear complex was synthesized in high yields by simple ligand substitution reactions starting from the thiourea (tu) [Mo3S4(tu)8(H2O)]Cl4?4 H2O (3) precursor. This strategy has also been successfully adapted for the isolation of the diamino [Mo3S4Cl3(dmen)3](BF4) ([6](BF4)), (dmen=N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine) salt. Applying these catalysts, high selectivity in the hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes has been accomplished. Over thirty anilines bearing synthetically functional groups have been synthesized in 70 to 99 % yield. Notably, the integrity of the cluster core is preserved during catalysis. Based on kinetic studies on the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and other potential reaction intermediates, the direct reduction to aniline is the preferential route.
- Pedrajas, Elena,Sorribes, Iván,Gushchin, Artem L.,Laricheva, Yuliya A.,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias,Llusar, Rosa
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p. 1128 - 1134
(2017/03/27)
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- Co-based heterogeneous catalysts from well-defined Α-diimine complexes: Discussing the role of nitrogen
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Ar-BIANs and related α-diimine Co complexes were wet impregnated onto Vulcan XC 72 R carbon black powder and used as precursors for the synthesis of heterogeneous supported nanoscale catalysts by pyrolysis under argon at 800?°C. The catalytic materials feature a core-shell structure composed of metallic Co and Co oxides decorated with nitrogen-doped graphitic layers (NGr). These catalysts display high activity in the liquid phase hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds (110?°C, 50 bar H2) to give chemoselectively substituted aryl amines. The catalytic activity is closely related to the amount and type of nitrogen atoms in the final catalytic material, which suggests a heterolytic activation of dihydrogen.
- Formenti, Dario,Ferretti, Francesco,Topf, Christoph,Surkus, Annette-Enrica,Pohl, Marga-Martina,Radnik, J?rg,Schneider, Matthias,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias,Ragaini, Fabio
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- Chemoselective Hydrazine-mediated Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes by Co3O4 Nanoparticles Immobilized on an Al/Si-mixed Oxide Support
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Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (size 2 to 3.5 nm) were successfully impregnated on an alumina–silica (mixed oxide) support through an experimentally viable and easily reproducible protocol. The prepared material was well characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, BET surface area, EDX and XPS analyses. Porous alumina–silica having a high surface area served as a protective heterogeneous support on which the well-dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles served as an active catalytic species for the hydrazine-mediated transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes. About 2 mol % of the active catalyst in ethanol at 60 °C was adequate for a successful conversion. Moreover, transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes by the catalyst was found to take place chemoselectively in the presence of other labile functional groups such as halide, alkene, nitrile, carbonyl, and ester. This inexpensive catalyst was also able to catalyze the reaction on a gram scale reaction and found to be robust and recyclable up to eight runs.
- Reddy, P. Linga,Tripathi, Mohit,Arundhathi,Rawat, Diwan S.
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p. 785 - 791
(2017/04/13)
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- Water-soluble small-molecule probes for RNA based on a two-photon fluorescence "off-on" process: Systematic analysis in live cell imaging and understanding of structure-activity relationships
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The conveniently obtained water-soluble small-molecule L1-5 were selective for RNA with remarkable "off-on" two-photon fluorescence responses in vitro and in vivo, showing that L1-5 can surprisingly stain mitochondria or nucleoli individually with orange
- Li, Hong,Li, Yuncang,Zhang, Huihui,Xu, Guoyong,Zhang, Yuliang,Liu, Xiaohu,Zhou, Hongping,Yang, Xingyuan,Zhang, Xuanjun,Tian, Yupeng
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supporting information
p. 13245 - 13248
(2017/12/26)
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- Orthopalladated complexes of phosphorus ylide: Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-stabilized palladium nanoparticles as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki and Heck cross-coupling reactions
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The phosphorus ylide [Ph3PCHC(O)C6H4-NO2–4] reacted with Pd(OAc)2 to give the C,C-orthometallated complex [Pd{κ2(C,C)-C6H4PPh2C(H)CO(C6H4-NO2–4)}(μ-OAc)]2, which underwent bridge exchange reaction with NaN3, NaCl, KBr and KI, respectively, to afford the binuclear C,C-orthopalladated complexes [Pd{κ2(C,C)-C6H4PPh2C(H)CO(C6H4-NO2–4)}(μ-X)]2 (X?=?N3 (1), Cl (2), Br (3) and I (4)). The complexes were identified using spectroscopy (infrared and NMR), CHNS technique and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Thereafter, palladium nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were easily prepared using the refluxing reaction of iodo-bridged orthopalladated complex 4 with poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the protecting group. The PVP-stabilized palladium nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of techniques including X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of the PVP-stabilized palladium nanoparticles was evaluated in the Suzuki reaction of phenylboronic acid and the Heck reaction of styrene with aryl halides of varying electron densities. This catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions in ethanol–water. Notably, aryl chlorides which are cheaper and more accessible than their bromide and iodide counterparts also reacted satisfactorily using this catalyst. After completion of reactions, the catalyst could be separated using a simple method and used many times in repeat cycles without considerable loss in its activity.
- Karami, Kazem,Abedanzadeh, Sedigheh,Vahidnia, Omolbanin,Herves, Pablo,Lipkowski, Janusz,Lyczko, Krzysztof
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- An efficient Pd-NHC catalyst system in situ generated from Na2PdCl4 and PEG-functionalized imidazolium salts for Mizoroki-Heck reactions in water
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Three PEG-functionalized imidazolium salts L1-L3 were designed and prepared from commercially available materials via a simple method. Their corresponding water soluble Pd-NHC catalysts, in situ generated from the imidazolium salts L1-L3 and Na2PdCl4 in water, showed impressive catalytic activity for aqueous Mizoroki-Heck reactions. The kinetic study revealed that the Pd catalyst derived from the imidazolium salt L1, bearing a pyridine-2-methyl substituent at the N3 atom of the imidazole ring, showed the best catalytic activity. Under the optimal conditions, a wide range of substituted alkenes were achieved in good to excellent yields from various aryl bromides and alkenes with the catalyst TON of up to 10,000.
- Sun, Nan,Chen, Meng,Jin, Liqun,Zhao, Wei,Hu, Baoxiang,Shen, Zhenlu,Hu, Xinquan
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supporting information
p. 1735 - 1744
(2017/09/27)
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- Encaging palladium(0) in layered double hydroxide: A sustainable catalyst for solvent-free and ligand-free Heck reaction in a ball mill
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In this paper, the synthesis of a cheap, reusable and ligand-free Pd catalyst supported on MgAl layered double hydroxides (Pd/MgAl-LDHs) by co-precipitation and reduction methods is described. The catalyst was used in Heck reactions under highspeed ball milling (HSBM) conditions at room temperature. The effects of milling-ball size, milling-ball filling degree, reaction time, rotation speed and grinding auxiliary category, which would influence the yields of mechanochemical Heck reactions, were investigated in detail. The characterization results of XRD, ICP-MS and XPS suggest that Pd/MgAl-LDHs have excellent textural properties with zero-valence Pd on its layers. The reaction results indicate that the catalyst could be utilized in HSBM systems to afford a wide range of Heck coupling products in satisfactory yields. Furthermore, this catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for at least five times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
- Shi, Wei,Yu, Jingbo,Jiang, Zhijiang,Shao, Qiaoling,Su, Weike
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supporting information
p. 1661 - 1668
(2017/09/27)
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- A simple synthetic entryway into palladium cross-coupling catalysis
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The simple synthesis of a family of palladates containing an imidazolium counterion is presented. These "ate" complexes can be easily converted into well-defined palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The synthetic protocols leading to the "ate
- Zinser, Caroline M.,Nahra, Fady,Brill, Marcel,Meadows, Rebecca E.,Cordes, David B.,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Nolan, Steven P.,Cazin, Catherine S. J.
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supporting information
p. 7990 - 7993
(2017/07/22)
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- Microwave assisted Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross-couplings catalyzed by non-symmetric Pd(II) CNS pincers supported by iminophosphorane ligands
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Two new PdII non-symmetrical CNS pincer type complexes [PdCl{C6H4(Ph2P?=?NC6H4SR-κ3-C,N,S)}] [R?=?Bn (3) and 4-C6H5NO2 (4)], supported by iminophosphorane ligands functionalized with a thioether moiety, were prepared and fully characterized. These compounds and the already known complexes 1 (R?=?Me) and 2 (R?=?Ph) were evaluated as catalysts in microwave assisted Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions. Whereas compound 1 instantaneously decomposed under MW irradiation, as visible black Pd0 precipitated in both processes, compounds 2–4 showed good conversions without apparent decomposition. The coupling reactions were dramatically accelerated under MW radiation when compared to conventional heating, with 3 (R?=?4-C6H4NO2) showing the highest catalytic efficiency of all in both processes. The catalytic activity of complex 2 was further examined in the two cross-couplings with a series of para-substituted bromo-benzenes. Both catalyses proceeded under normal aerobic conditions and were not affected by an excess of elemental Hg. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction operated with high regioselectivity, yielding only the linear 1,2-products.
- Ramírez-Rave, Sandra,Morales-Morales, David,Grévy, Jean-Michel
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p. 249 - 255
(2017/04/13)
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- Selective hydrogenation method, catalyst used for the method
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a selective hydrogenation method for selectively hydrogenating, into amino groups with high efficiency, nitro groups of an aromatic compound including carbon-carbon double bonds and nitro groups and a selective hydrogenation method for selectively hydrogenating, into hydroxyl groups, aldehyde groups of a terpenoid including carbon-carbon double bonds and aldehyde groups.SOLUTION: The provided selective hydrogenation method of an aromatic compound including carbon-carbon double bonds and nitro groups or a terpenoid including carbon-carbon double bonds and aldehyde groups features the contact, with a hydrogen gas in the presence of a silver-cerium oxide composite comprising silver component particles and cerium oxide supported on surfaces of the silver component particles within a liquid phase including an organic solvent, of an aromatic compound including carbon-carbon double bonds and nitro groups or a terpenoid including carbon-carbon double bonds and aldehyde groups so as to induce a selective hydrogenation and conversion, into amino groups or hydroxyl groups, of the nitro groups included within the aromatic compound or aldehyde groups included within the terpenoid.
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Paragraph 0080-0081
(2017/05/02)
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- Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles with N-Doped Graphene Shells for Catalytic Reduction Reactions
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The synthesis of novel nanoparticles is of general importance for the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, the preparation of carbon-supported nickel-based nanoparticles (NPs), modified by nitrogen-doped graphene layers, is reported for the first time. The resulting materials were characterized in detail by TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), XRD, elemental analysis (EA), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), BET, and Raman analysis. Initial catalytic tests revealed the potential of this class of compounds in hydrogenation reactions.
- Pisiewicz, Sabine,Formenti, Dario,Surkus, Annette-Enrica,Pohl, Marga-Martina,Radnik, J?rg,Junge, Kathrin,Topf, Christoph,Bachmann, Stephan,Scalone, Michelangelo,Beller, Matthias
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p. 129 - 134
(2016/01/25)
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