- A process for preparing 3 - pentenenitrile method
-
The invention discloses a 2 - methyl - 2 - buten preparation 3 - pentenenitrile method, said method comprising: the 2 - methyl - 2 - buten in catalyst and double-[...] ligand under catalytic action of the isomerization reaction, in order to obtain 3 - pentenenitrile, wherein said catalyst is a transition metal with low monodentate phosphorus ligand complex. The method is simple in operation, easily available raw materials, high yield.
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Page/Page column 9-13
(2019/05/16)
-
- Method for generating 3-pentenenitrile through isomerization reaction of 2-pentenenitrile
-
The invention discloses a method for generating 3-pentenenitrile through isomerization reaction of 2-pentenenitrile. The method is characterized by including the following steps of mixing 2-pentenenitrile, a catalyst, bidentate phosphorus ligand, Lewis acid and a solvent to obtain a reaction system, making the reaction system in the first step react under the reaction pressure of 0.1-0.5 Mpa and the reaction temperature of 80-150 DEG C under the condition of nitrogen protection, separating the unreacted 2-pentenenitrile from the product (3-pentenenitrile) through decompression distillation after the reaction ends. The method has the advantages of increasing the target product yield, shortening the reaction process and reducing the product separation difficulty.
- -
-
Paragraph 0051; 0052
(2019/04/29)
-
- Process for producing pentenenitriles
-
The invention provides methods useful in the industrial scale process for hydrocyanation of butadiene to adiponitrile for recycle of unwanted byproduct 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile (2M3BN) by conversion to process intermediate pentenenitrile. The invention provides a process for generating catalysts useful for carrying out the hydrocyanation of butadiene to adiponitrile, the process comprising contacting the 2M3BN and a solution of a nickel-ligand catalyst in cis-2-pentenenitrile (cis-2PN), trans-2-pentenenitrile (trans-2PN), or a mixture thereof. The improved methods of the invention can provide improved catalyst solubility for bidentate ligands without a requirement for a Lewis acid catalyst promoter such as zinc chloride to be present.
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Page/Page column 26
(2018/04/20)
-
- Theoretical and experimental study of the nickel-catalyzed isomerization of 2-Methyl-3-butenenitrile and the effect of a Lewis acid
-
A combined experimental and theoretical study was conducted to investigate the isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile (2M3BN) to 3-pentenenitrile (3PN) and to 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile (2M2BN) catalyzed by nickel diphosphine complexes. Ni(1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) (dppb) was identified as the most reactive catalyst among the complexes that we examined experimentally. Quantum mechanics (density functional theory) was then used to study the two isomerization mechanisms catalyzed by this complex. We find that for the 2M3BN?→?3PN isomerization, the reaction is initiated with [Formula presented] bond cleavage, followed by an allyl direct rotation and [Formula presented] bond reformation. For the 2M3BN?→?2M2BN isomerization, the most energetically favorable pathway begins with [Formula presented] bond activation, followed by a π-σ-σ-π allyl rearrangement and [Formula presented] bond reformation. Our proposed mechanism for the 2M3BN?→?2M2BN isomerization is slightly different (yet energetically more favorable) than that described in previous studies, where it has been suggested that 2M2BN is obtained through a π-σ-σ allyl rearrangement rather than a π-σ-σ-π type rearrangement. Additionally, we investigated the effect of Lewis acids in the 2M3BN?→?3PN isomerization, which has been shown in most experiments to attenuate the reaction. Notably, our calculations indicated that ZnCl2, which is used as a model Lewis acid, actually reduces the barriers for all elementary steps. However, the effective kinetic barrier for the isomerization increases from 23.7 (without ZnCl2) to 24.0?kcal/mol because of the formation of a very stable Ni(π-allyl) ([Formula presented]2) intermediate, causing a decrease in the reaction rate. This theoretical result was further confirmed by our own experiments.
- Liu, Kun,Liu, Kai-Kai,Cheng, Mu-Jeng,Han, Ming-Han
-
-
- A using 2-methyl-3-crotonization of a method of isomerizing hexanedinitrile;
-
The invention discloses a method for synthesizing adiponitrile by isomerization liquid of 2-methyl-3-crotononitrile. The method comprises steps of (1) carrying out isomerization reaction on 2-methyl-3-crotononitrile in the presence of zero valent nickel catalyst, phosphorus-containing ligand and lewis acid so as to generate 3-pentenenitrile; (2) mixing the isomerization liquid obtained in step (1) with hydrocyanic acid for reaction so as to generate the product containing adiponitrile. In the presence of zero valent nickel catalyst, phosphorus-containing ligand and lewis acid, the 2-methyl-3-crotononitrile generates 3-pentenenitrile through isomerization reaction; as the composition of the isomerization liquid is relatively the same as the material for secondary hydrocyanic reaction, the method directly adopts the isomerization liquid and hydrocyanic acid for reaction so as to synthesize adiponitrile. Therefore, the method saves the step of separating and purifying 3-pentenenitrile from the isomerization liquid, thus greatly lowering equipment cost and production cost, and reducing poisoning caused by zero valent nickel catalyst and phosphorus-containing ligand.
- -
-
Paragraph 0022; 0023
(2017/02/24)
-
- Synthetic hexanedinitrile pyprolylene law inhibiting phosphorus containing ligand degradation method
-
The invention discloses a method for inhibiting degradation of phosphorus containing ligand in process of synthesizing adiponitrile via a butadiene method, and the method comprises the step of adding organic alkali in isomerization reaction and secondary hydrocyanation reaction, wherein the organic alkali comprises triethylamine, diethylamine, dimethylamine, hexamethylenediamine, pyridine, phenylamine, phenylamine and N,N-dimethylaniline or N,N-diethylaniline. According to the method, organic alkali is added in the isomerization reaction and secondary hydrocyanation reaction, then the degradation of the phosphorus containing ligand in the isomerization reaction and secondary hydrocyanation reaction is effectively inhibited, and the degradation rate of the phosphorus containing ligand is controlled within 5%, so that the magnitude of recruitment of the phosphorus containing ligand is decreased, the separation recovery rate of the zero-valence nickel catalyst and the phosphorus containing ligand is improved at the same time and the raw material cost for synthesizing the adiponitrile via the butadiene method is reduced; and the method provided by the invention does not influence the conversion rate and the selectivity of the isomerization reaction and secondary hydrocyanation reaction.
- -
-
Paragraph 0023-0024
(2017/04/03)
-
- A synthesis section of the mixed solution directly isomerization of 2-methyl-2-crotonization method
-
The invention discloses a method for synthesizing 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile through direct isomerization of alkene-nitrile mixed liquid. The method is characterized in that isomerization reaction occurs by adding calcium-containing inorganic base to the alkene-nitrile mixed liquid containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile and 3-pentenenitrile so as to generate a product containing the 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile. According to the method, the process of purifying the 2M3BN through reduced pressure rectification is omitted, the calcium-containing inorganic base is used as a catalyst and directly isomerizes the alkene-nitrile mixed liquid containing the 2M3BN and 3PN into the 2M2BN, and the reaction conversion rate and the selectivity are greater than 95% respectively. Compared with a conventional method, the method has the advantages that the rectification separation process of the alkene-nitrile mixed liquid is omitted, so that the whole process route is shortened, the technological process is simplified, the equipment cost and the production cost are reduced, the calcium-containing inorganic base is used as the catalyst, low in price and easy to obtain and can be recycled, and industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues are basically not generated in the whole technological process.
- -
-
Paragraph 0004
(2017/02/09)
-
- A metal-ligand cooperative pathway for intermolecular oxa-michael additions to unsaturated nitriles
-
An unprecedented catalytic pathway for oxa-Michael addition reactions of alcohols to unsaturated nitriles has been revealed using a PNN pincer ruthenium catalyst with a dearomatized pyridine backbone. The isolation of a catalytically competent Ru-dieneamido complex from the reaction between the Ru catalyst and pentenenitrile in combination with DFT calculations supports a mechanism in which activation of the nitrile through metal-ligand cooperativity is a key step. The nitrile-derived Ru-N moiety is sufficiently Br?nsted basic to activate the alcohol and initiate conjugate addition of the alkoxide to the α,β-unsaturated fragment. This reaction proceeds in a concerted manner and involves a six-membered transition state. These features allow the reaction to proceed at ambient temperature in the absence of external base.
- Perdriau, Sébastien,Zijlstra, Douwe S.,Heeres, Hero J.,De Vries, Johannes G.,Otten, Edwin
-
supporting information
p. 4236 - 4240
(2015/04/14)
-
- PENTENENITRILE ISOMERIZATION
-
Disclosed is a process for isomerizing cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitrile in the presence of a non-aluminium metal oxide catalyst, wherein: (a) the metal in the catalyst has an oxidation state in the range from +1 to +4; (b) the metal has a cation radius in the range from 0.35 to 1.0 ?; (c) the metal of the catalyst has a polarising power, C/r, is in the range from 2 to >8, wherein C is the charge of the metal and r is the ionic radius in ?; (d) the bond network of the catalyst has a % ionicity of >20; (e) the metal oxide has an acidity strength in the range from strong to very weak; and (f) the metal oxide has a basicity (nucleophilicity) strength of weak to strong.
- -
-
Paragraph 0038; 0056
(2015/11/18)
-
- PENTENENITRILE ISOMERIZATION
-
Pentenenitrile oligomers formed in a process for isomerizing cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitrile are minimized in the presence of an aluminium oxide catalyst. The process comprises providing an aluminium oxide catalyst having an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal and/or iron content, measured in the form of alkali metal oxide and/or alkaline earth metal oxide and/or iron oxide, respectively of less than 5000 ppm by weight.
- -
-
Paragraph 00039
(2014/06/24)
-
- Process for Isomerization of CIS-2-Pentenenitrile to 3-Pentenenitriles
-
The present invention relates to an improved process for batchwise or continuous isomerization of cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitriles in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as catalyst.
- -
-
Paragraph 0059; 0060; 0061
(2013/11/06)
-
- ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS BASED ON TETRAPHENOL (TP)-SUBSTITUTED STRUCTURES
-
The invention relates to the synthesis of tetraphenol-substituted structures, in particular meta-substituted xylenes. Said tetraphenol-type structures are reacted to obtain organic phosphorus compounds, in particular organophosphites. The invention further relates to the production of catalytically active compositions which contain transition metals in addition to the aforementioned organic phosphorus compounds. According to another subject matter of the invention, said catalytically active compositions are used in chemical reactions with small molecules, e.g. HCN, CO, hydrogen, and amines.
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-
Page/Page column 14-15
(2012/08/08)
-
- PROCESS FOR MAKING NITRILES
-
Adiponitrile is made by reacting 3-pentenenitrile with hydrogen cyanide. The 3- pentenenitrile is made by reacting 1,3-butadiene with hydrogen cyanide. The catalyst for the reaction of 1,3-butadiene with hydrogen cyanide to make 3-pentenenitrile is recycled. At least a portion of the recycled catalyst is purified by an extraction process, which separates catalyst degradation products and reaction byproduct from the catalyst.
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Page/Page column 54; 89-93
(2012/02/01)
-
- NICKEL METAL COMPOSITIONS AND NICKEL COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM BASIC NICKEL CARBONATES
-
Nickel-metal-containing solids for use in manufacturing nickel metal complexes are disclosed. The nickel-metal-containing solids are made by reducing basic nickel carbonates. By varying the molar ratios of carbonates and bicarbonates to nickel salts, the methods provide basic nickel carbonates that produce superior nickel metal-containing solids that react more effectively with phosphorous-containing ligands. The phosphorous containing ligands can be both monodentate and bidentate phosphorous-containing ligands.
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-
Page/Page column 9
(2011/08/22)
-
- PROCESS FOR MAKING AND REFINING 3-PENTENENITRILE, AND FOR REFINING 2-METHYL-3-BUTENENITRILE
-
The invention provides an integrated, continuous process for the production of 3-pentenenitrile, the refining of 3-pentenenitrile, and the refining of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, the process comprising: (a) contacting, in a reaction zone, a hydrogen cyanide-containing feed, a butadiene-containing feed, and a catalyst composition, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a zero-valent nickel and at least one bidentate phosphorus-containing ligand selected from the group consisting of a phosphite, a phosphonite, a phosphinite, a phosphine, a mixed phosphorus-containing ligand, and combination thereof; (b) maintaining a residence time in the reaction zone sufficient to convert about 95% or more of the hydrogen cyanide and to produce a reaction mixture comprising 3-pentenenitrile and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, wherein the 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile concentration is maintained below about 15 weight percent of the total mass of the reaction mixture; (c) distilling the reaction mixture to obtain a first stream comprising 1,3-butadiene, a second stream comprising 3-pentenenitrile, 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile, and optionally 1,3-butadiene, and a third stream comprising the catalyst composition; (d) distilling the second stream to obtain a fourth stream comprising 1,3-butadiene, a fifth stream comprising 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile, and optionally 1,3-butadiene, and a sixth stream comprising 3-pentenenitrile; and (e) distilling the fifth stream to obtain a seventh stream comprising 1,3-butadiene, an eighth stream comprising (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile, and a ninth stream comprising 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile.
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-
Page/Page column 23-24
(2009/07/25)
-
- PROCESS FOR MAKING 3-PENTENENITRILE BY HYDROCYANATION OF BUTADIENE
-
The invention provides a continuous process for the production of 3-pentenenitrile, comprising: (a) contacting, in a reaction zone, a hydrogen cyanide-containing feed, a 1,3-butadiene-containing feed, and a catalyst precursor composition, wherein the cata
- -
-
Page/Page column 9; 9-10; 10
(2008/06/13)
-
- Binaphthol-based diphosphite ligands in asymmetric nickel-catalyzed hydrocyanation of styrene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene: Influence of steric properties
-
A series of chiral (R)-binaphthol-based diphosphite ligands with different substituents was prepared and applied in the asymmetric nickel-catalyzed hydrocyanation of styrene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene to investigate the influence of their steric properties. The optimum steric properties for the hydrocyanation reaction lie within a narrow window. With the optimized ligand, hydrocyanation of styrene gave full conversion (Subs/Ni = 100) with 49% ee, the TON was determined to be 600. Hydrocyanation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene gave 50% conversion (Subs/Ni = 500) with an excellent ee of 86 %. This demonstrates that high ees are not only accessible for vinylarenes but also for conjugated dienes in the asymmetric nickelcatalyzed hydrocyanation.
- Wilting, Jos,Janssen, Michele,Mueller, Christian,Lutz, Martin,Spek, Anthony L.,Vogt, Dieter
-
p. 350 - 356
(2008/02/07)
-
- Reactivity of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile in the presence of catalytic amounts of various cobalt complexes in ionic liquid
-
The behavior of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile (2M3BN) in the presence of catalytic amount of several cobalt complexes was evaluated. Irrespective of the nature of cobalt complexes and the experimental conditions (presence of ligand [such as P(OPh)3 or pyridine], or/and of Lewis acid [ZnCl 2, AlCl3], organic solvent or ionic liquid), the product of isomerization 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile was obtained instead of the expected rearranged product 3-pentenenitrile (3PN). This result was explained by the activation of CH bond instead of CCN bond. With 3PN, the first example of a reversible cleavage of the CCN with complex derived from Co+ was evidenced.
- Lecocq, Vincent,Santini, Catherine C.,Chauvin, Yves,Basset, Jean-Marie,Galland, Jean-Christophe
-
p. 242 - 247
(2008/10/09)
-
- Catayzed vapor-phase hydrocyanation of diolefinic compounds
-
A catalysed vapor-phase process for the hydrocyanation of acyclic diolefinic compounds to olefinic nitriles in which the olefinic double bond is not conjugated to the triple bond of the cyano group, wherein a supported catalyst composition comprising at least one multidentate phosphite ligand and zero-valent nickel is preferably used with specially selected or treated supports.
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Page/Page column 7-8
(2008/06/13)
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- METHOD FOR THE HYDROCYANATION OF BUTADIENE
-
The invention relates to a method for producing 3-pentenenitrile by means of the hydrocyanation of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of at least one catalyst, the reaction being carried out in a loop-type bubble column comprising an external pumping circuit and a jet nozzle for driving the inner circulation.
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Page/Page column 16; 17
(2008/06/13)
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- STERICALLY HINDERED CHELATE PHOSPHINITE-PHOSPHITE LIGAND, CATALYST, COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE NICKEL(0) COMPLEX STABILIZED BY SAID LIGAND AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF NITRILES
-
The invention relates to phosphinite phosphites I of formula 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and mixtures thereof, wherein R1, R2, R4 independently represent an alkyl or alkylene group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R4 is different from H; R5 to R22 independently represent H, an alkyl or alkylene group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R3 is H, methyl or ethyl; X is F, Cl or CF3, if n = 1 or 2 and X is H, if n = 0.
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Page/Page column 20
(2008/06/13)
-
- CONTINUOUS METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LINEAR PENTENE NITRILES
-
The invention relates to a method for continuous hydrocyanation of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of at least one nickel(0)-catalyst with chelate ligands, wherein 1,3-butadiene and cyanohydrogen are used in a molar ratio of 1,6 - 1,1 to 1.
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Page/Page column 18-19
(2008/06/13)
-
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING LINEAR PENTENENITRILE
-
The invention relates to a method for producing 3-pentenenitrile, characterised by the following steps: (a) isomerisation of an educt stream containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile on at least one dissolved or dispersed isomerisation catalyst to form a stream (1), which contains the isomerisation catalyst(s), 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 3-pentenenitrile and (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile; (b) distillation of the stream (1) to obtain a stream (2) as the overhead product, which contains 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 3-pentenenitrile and (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile and a stream (3) as the bottom product, which contains the isomerisation catalyst(s); (c) distillation of the stream (2) to obtain a stream (4) as the overhead product, which is enriched with (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile in comparison to stream (2), (in relation to the sum of all pentenenitriles in stream (2)) and a stream (5) as the bottom product, which is enriched with 3-pentenenitrile and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile in comparison to stream (2), (in relation to the sum of all pentenenitriles in stream (2); (d) distillation of stream (5) to obtain a stream (6) as the bottom product, which contains 3-pentenenitrile and a stream (7) as the head product, which contains 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile.
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Page/Page column 91
(2008/06/13)
-
- METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PENTENE NITRILES FROM N-BUTANE
-
The invention relates to a method for hydrocyanation of 1,3-butadiene on at least one nickel(o) complex with phosphor-containing ligands as a catalyst, wherein 1,3-butadiene is used in a mixture with n-butane and the mixture contains 60 - 90 vol. % 1,3-butadiene and 40 -10 vol. % n-butane.
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Page/Page column 27
(2008/06/13)
-
- HYDROCYANATION METHOD
-
The invention relates to a method for the production of 3-pentene nitrile by hydrocyanation of 1,3-Butadiene with cyanohydrogen on at least one catalyst, wherein the 1,3-Butadiene and/or cyanohydrogen is brought into contact with at least one microporous solid prior to reaction.
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Page/Page column 16-17
(2008/06/13)
-
- Method for making nitrile compounds from ethylenically unsaturated compounds
-
The invention concerns a method for hydrocyanation of ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds comprising at least a nitrile function. The invention provides a method for hydrocyanation of an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon compound by reacting in liquid medium the hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal element selected among transition metals and an organophosphorous ligand, characterised in that the organophosphorous ligand is a furylphosphine. The invention is in particular useful for synthesizing adiponitrile from butadiene.
- -
-
-
- Hydrocyanation method for ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds
-
The invention concerns a method for hydrocyanation of ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds into compounds comprising at least a nitrile function. More particularly, it concerns a method for hydrocyanation of organic compounds comprising at least a ethylenical bond by reacting hydrogen cyanide, in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a transition metal and an organophosphorus ligand. The organophosphorus ligand is a compound with monophosphanorbornadiene structure. The invention concerns in particular hydrocyanation of butadiene into adiponitrile.
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-
-
- Phosphites
-
Novel phosphites have the formula I P(O—R1)x(O—R2)y(O—R3)z(O—R4)p??I where R1: aromatic radical having a C1-C18-alkyl substituent in the o position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, or having an aromatic substituent in the o position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, or having an aromatic system fused on in the o position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, R2: aromatic radical having a C1-C18-alkyl substituent in the m position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, or having an aromatic substituent in the m position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, or having an aromatic system fused on in the m position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, where the aromatic radical bears a hydrogen atom in the o position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, R3: aromatic radical having a C1-C18-alkyl substituent in the p position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, or having an aromatic substituent in the p position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, where the aromatic radical bears a hydrogen atom in the o position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, R4: aromatic radical which bears substituents other than those defined for R1, R2and R3in the o, m and p positions relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, where the aromatic radical bears a hydrogen atom in the o position relative to the oxygen atom which connects the phosphorus atom to the aromatic system, x: 1 or 2, y, z, p: independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that x+y+z+p=3.
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Page column 10-11
(2008/06/13)
-
- METHOD FOR ISOMERIZING 2-METHYL-3-BUTENENITRILE INTO LINEAR PENTENENITRILE
-
The invention relates to a method for isomerizing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile into linear pentenenitrile in the presence of a system containing: a) Ni(0); b) an Ni(0) provided in the form of a ligand-complexing, trivalent phosphorous-containing compound, and; c) a Lewis acid. The invention is characterized in that, during isomerization, a mixture containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile and linear pentenenitrile is removed from the reaction mixture.
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-
-
- Phosphorus-containing compositions and their use in hydrocyanation, isomerization and hydroformylation reactions
-
A polymeric, phosphorus-containing composition made by heating, in the presence of an initiator, preferably a free radical initiator, and optionally in the presence of one or more comonomers, at least one substituted phosphonylated 2,2′-dihydroxyl-1,1′-binaphthalene or at least one substituted 2,2′-dihydroxyl-1,1′-biphenylene.
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-
Page column 32
(2010/11/30)
-
- Process for the isomerization of nonconjugated 2-alkyl-3-monoalkenenitriles
-
A process for isomerizing 2-alkyl-3-monoalkenenitrile to form linear nitriles employing a catalyst comprising the combination of a zero valent nickel compound and certain bidentate phosphorus compounds.
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-
-
- Chelating Diphosphite Complexes of Nickel(0) and Platinum(0): Their Remarkable Stability and Hydrocyanation Activity
-
The synthesis, stability and hydrocyanation catalytic activity of nickel(0) complexes af the diphosphite 1 derived from 2,2'-biphenol are described; the X-ray crystal structures of the legand 1 and its platinum(0) complexes 2b are reported.
- Baker, Michael J.,Harrison, Karl N.,Orpen, A. Guy,Pringle, Paul G.,Shaw, Gordon
-
p. 803 - 804
(2007/10/02)
-
- Preparation of dicyanobutenes from 3-pentenenitrile
-
Dinitriles are obtained by heating an olefinically unsaturated mononitrile in presence of an olefin disproportionation catalyst, for example, 3-pentenenitrile gives dicyanobutenes.
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-
-
- Manufacture of organic nitriles
-
Olefins are converted to nitriles by reacting with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of an organic thiol or sulphide and a catalytic amount of a cuprous salt which is soluble therein; especially for making 3-pentene nitrile from butadiene.
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-
-