Efficient Bimetallic Catalysis of Nitrile Hydration to Amides with a Simple Pd(OAc)2/Lewis Acid Catalyst at Ambient Temperature
Transition-metal-catalyzed nitrile hydration is an atom-economic method for the synthesis of various amides. This work demonstrates for the first time that the addition of non-redox metal ions like Sc3+ dramatically accelerate the hydration of various nitriles to amides at ambient temperature with the simple Pd(OAc)2 salt as catalyst, whereas the reactions with Pd(OAc)2 alone were very sluggish. The formation of a heterobimetallic PdII/ScIII species has been proposed as the key species for the hydration that demonstrates a bimetallic synergistic effect in this process.
Zhang, Sicheng,Xu, Haosheng,Lou, Chenlin,Senan, Ahmed M.,Chen, Zhuqi,Yin, Guochuan
p. 1870 - 1875
(2017/04/21)
Facile and highly selective conversion of nitriles to amides via indirect acid-catalyzed hydration using TFA or AcOH-H2SO4
(Chemical Equation Presented) Both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles are conveniently and selectively converted in a single step, via an indirect acid-catalyzed hydration, into the corresponding amides in 1-8 h using a TFA-H2SO4 mixture as a reagent system. Although the same reagent did not work for the sterically hindered nitriles such as mesitonitrile, the transformation could be accomplished by changing TFA to AcOH at higher temperatures (>90°C).
Moorthy, Jarugu Narasimha,Singhal, Nidhi
p. 1926 - 1929
(2007/10/03)
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