Microwave-promoted acid-catalyzed rearrangement of morphinans - A high-yield synthesis of R(-)-apomorphine
The microwave-promoted acid-catalyzed rearrangement of morphine (1), codeine (2), and thebaine (3) was investigated. In all cases, a significant improvement in the yields were achieved compared to the traditional techniques. R(-)-Apomorphine (4), which is a clinically important dopamine agonist, was synthesized from morphine (1) in 75% yield. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Salutaridine and its derivatives as thebaine-equivalents in the synthesis of aporphines
Here we report the transformation of tetracyclic morphinan salutaridine (1) into 2,3,10,11-tetrasubstituted (R)-aporphines. This method serves as another chemical proof of the previously verified biosynthetic connection with pentacyclic morphinan-6,8-dien
Udvardy, Antal,Sipos, Attila
p. 2022 - 2030
(2013/10/22)
Synthesis and binding studies of 2-arylapomorphines
From codeine, four different 2-aryl substituted apomorphines were synthesised in 6 steps each. Oxidation of codeine with IBX followed by acid catalysed rearrangement gave morphothebaine, which was selectively triflylated at the 2-position and subsequently O-acetylated at the 11-position. The resulting triflate was coupled in a Suzuki-Miyaura type reaction with a series of 4-substituted arylboronic esters which, after deprotection, gave the desired 2-aryl apomorphines. The analogues were tested for affinity towards a range of dopaminergic, serotonergic and adrenergic receptors. 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)- apomorphine exhibited high affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor. A putative ligand-receptor interaction was put forward. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.