- Zirconium-hydride-catalyzed site-selective hydroboration of amides for the synthesis of amines: Mechanism, scope, and application
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Developing mild and efficient catalytic methods for the selective synthesis of amines is a longstanding research objective. In this respect, catalytic deoxygenative amide reduction has proven to be promising but challenging, as this approach necessitates selective C–O bond cleavage. Herein, we report the selective hydroboration of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides at room temperature catalyzed by an earth-abundant-metal catalyst, Zr-H, for accessing diverse amines. Various readily reducible functional groups, such as esters, alkynes, and alkenes, were well tolerated. Furthermore, the methodology was extended to the synthesis of bio- and drug-derived amines. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed a reaction pathway entailing aldehyde and amido complex formation via an unusual C–N bond cleavage-reformation process, followed by C–O bond cleavage.
- Han, Bo,Jiao, Haijun,Wu, Lipeng,Zhang, Jiong
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p. 2059 - 2067
(2021/09/02)
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- A practical catalytic reductive amination of carboxylic acids
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We report reductive alkylation reactions of amines using carboxylic acids as nominal electrophiles. The two-step reaction exploits the dual reactivity of phenylsilane and involves a silane-mediated amidation followed by a Zn(OAc)2-catalyzed amide reduction. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of amines and carboxylic acids and has been demonstrated on a large scale (305 mmol of amine). The rate differential between the reduction of tertiary and secondary amide intermediates is exemplified in a convergent synthesis of the antiretroviral medicine maraviroc. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that a residual 0.5 equivalents of carboxylic acid from the amidation step is responsible for the generation of silane reductants with augmented reactivity, which allow secondary amides, previously unreactive in zinc/phenylsilane systems, to be reduced.
- Andrews, Keith G.,Denton, Ross M.,Hirst, David J.,Stoll, Emma L.,Tongue, Thomas,Valette, Damien
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p. 9494 - 9500
(2020/10/02)
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- Synthesis of tertiary amines by direct Br?nsted acid catalyzed reductive amination
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Tertiary amines are ubiquitous and valuable compounds in synthetic chemistry, with a wide range of applications in organocatalysis, organometallic complexes, biological processes and pharmaceutical chemistry. One of the most frequently used pathways to synthesize tertiary amines is the reductive amination reaction of carbonyl compounds. Despite developments of numerous new reductive amination methods in the past few decades, this reaction generally requires non-atom-economic processes with harsh conditions and toxic transition-metal catalysts. Herein, we report simple yet practical protocols using triflic acid as a catalyst to efficiently promote the direct reductive amination reactions of carbonyl compounds on a broad range of substrates. Applications of this new method to generate valuable heterocyclic frameworks and polyamines are also included.
- Hussein, Mohanad A.,Dinh, An H.,Huynh, Vien T.,Nguyen, Thanh Vinh
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supporting information
p. 8691 - 8694
(2020/08/21)
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- Visible-Light-Mediated C(sp3)–H Thiocarbonylation for Thiolactam Preparation with Potassium Sulfide
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We report herein a protocol for thiolactam preparation with potassium sulfide via visible-light-mediated C(sp3)–H thiocarbonylation, in which polysulfide dianions and radical anions generated from potassium sulfide were the key active species. A variety of thiolactams were straightforward established under mild conditions. Moreover, it was successfully applied to structural modification of tetrahydroberberine.
- Tan, Wei,Wang, Cuihong,Jiang, Xuefeng
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supporting information
p. 1234 - 1238
(2019/11/21)
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- Dehydrogenative Aromatization and Sulfonylation of Pyrrolidines: Orthogonal Reactivity in Photoredox Catalysis
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Oxidative dehydrogenative aromatization and selective sulfonylation reactions of N-heterocycles under visible-light photoredox catalysis were established. The mild reaction conditions make this approach an appealing and versatile strategy to functionalize/oxidize pyrrolidines whereby arylsulfonyl chlorides were identified to be both catalyst regeneration and sulfonylation reagents.
- Muralirajan, Krishnamoorthy,Kancherla, Rajesh,Rueping, Magnus
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supporting information
p. 14787 - 14791
(2018/10/20)
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- Structure-based optimization leads to the discovery of NSC765844, a highly potent, less toxic and orally efficacious dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor
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The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family is one of the most frequently activated enzymes in a wide range of human cancers; thus, inhibition of PI3K represents a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, a series of benzylamine substituted arylsulfonamides were designed and synthesized as dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors using a strategy integrating focused library design and virtual screening, resulting in the discovery of 13b (NSC765844). The compound 13b exhibits highly potent enzyme inhibition with IC50s of 1.3, 1.8, 1.5, 3.8 and 3.8?nM for PI3Kα, β, γ, δ, and mTOR, respectively. 13b was further evaluated in NCI by an in?vitro cytotoxic screening program. Broad-spectrum antitumor activities with mean GI50value of 18.6?nM against approximately 60 human tumor cell lines were found. 13b displayed favorable physicochemical properties and superior pharmacokinetic profiles for animal studies. It significantly inhibited tumor growth when administered orally in an A549 non-small-cell lung carcinoma xenograft and BEL7404 human hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft models. On the basis of its excellent in?vivo efficacy and superior pharmacokinetic profiles, 13b has been selected for further preclinical investigation as a promising anticancer drug candidate.
- Han, Jinsong,Chen, Ying,Yang, Chao,Liu, Ting,Wang, Mingping,Xu, Haojie,Zhang, Ling,Zheng, Canhui,Song, Yunlong,Zhu, Ju
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p. 684 - 701
(2016/07/21)
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- Novel Potent Proline-Based Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Design, (Radio)Synthesis, and First in Vivo Evaluation as Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography
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As dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is associated with a wide range of pathophysiological processes like cancer, atherosclerosis, and arthritis, MMPs represent a valuable target for the development of new therapeutics and diagnostic tools. We herein present the chiral pool syntheses, in vitro evaluation, and SAR studies of a series of d- and l-proline- as well as of (4R)-4-hydroxy-l-proline-derived MMP inhibitors possessing general formula 1. Some of the synthesized hydroxamic acids were found to be potent MMP inhibitors with IC50 values in the nanomolar range, also demonstrating no off-target effects toward the other tested Zn2+-dependent metalloproteases (ADAMs and meprins). Utilizing the structure of the (2S,4S)-configured 4-hydroxyproline derivative 4, a selective picomolar inhibitor of MMP-13, the radiolabeled counterpart [18F]4 was successfully synthesized. The radiotracer's biodistribution in mice as well as its serum stability were evaluated for assessing its potential use as a MMP-13 targeting PET imaging agent.
- Kalinin, Dmitrii V.,Wagner, Stefan,Riemann, Burkhard,Hermann, Sven,Schmidt, Frederike,Becker-Pauly, Christoph,Rose-John, Stefan,Sch?fers, Michael,Holl, Ralph
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supporting information
p. 9541 - 9559
(2016/11/11)
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- Interfacial hydrogenation and deamination of nitriles to selectively synthesize tertiary amines
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A novel one-pot method has been developed for the interfacial hydrogenation of nitriles to synthesize asymmetrical tertiary amines. The active Pt NWs allow for the preparation of a series of tertiary amines in excellent yields (up to 99.0%) and a mixed solvent is vital for the adjustment of the yield. And also, the reaction proceeded under mild conditions and is environmentally friendly.
- Lu, Shuanglong,Li, Chao,Wang, Jiaqing,Pan, Yue,Cao, Xueqing,Gu, Hongwei
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supporting information
p. 11110 - 11113
(2014/10/15)
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- Iridium-catalyzed decarboxylative N-alkylation of α-amino acids with primary alcohols
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A new decarboxylative N-alkylation reaction of α-amino acids has been developed. A variety of tertiary amines were obtained in good to excellent yields via the decarboxylative N-alkylation reaction of α-amino acids with primary alcohols catalyzed by a CpIr complex. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
- Wu, Jiashou,Jiang, Huajiang,Chen, Dingben,Shen, Jianfen,Zhao, Datong,Xiang, Jing,Zhou, Qizhong
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p. 539 - 542
(2014/03/21)
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- The structure-activity relationships of L3MBTL3 inhibitors: Flexibility of the dimer interface
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We recently reported the discovery of UNC1215, a potent and selective chemical probe for the L3MBTL3 methyllysine reader domain. In this article, we describe the development of structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a second series of potent L3MBTL3 antagonists which evolved from the structure of the chemical probe UNC1215. These compounds are selective for L3MBTL3 against a panel of methyllysine reader proteins, particularly the related MBT family proteins, L3MBTL1 and MBTD1. A co-crystal structure of L3MBTL3 and one of the most potent compounds suggests that the L3MBTL3 dimer rotates about the dimer interface to accommodate ligand binding.
- Camerino, Michelle A.,Zhong, Nan,Dong, Aiping,Dickson, Bradley M.,James, Lindsey I.,Baughman, Brandi M.,Norris, Jacqueline L.,Kireev, Dmitri B.,Janzen, William P.,Arrowsmith, Cheryl H.,Frye, Stephen V.
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supporting information
p. 1501 - 1507
(2013/11/19)
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- LINCOMYCIN DERIVATIVES AND ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS CONTAINING THE SAME AS THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT
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An objective of the present invention is to provide compounds of formula (1) or their pharmacologically acceptable salts or solvates wherein A represents aryl; R1 represents N-optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl-N-optionally substituted C1-6 alkylamino-C1-6 alkyl; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; R3 represents optionally substituted C1-6alkyl or C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-4 alkyl; m is 1 to 3; n is 0; and p is 0 to 2. The compounds are novel lincomycin derivatives that have a potent activity against resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, which have recently posed problems, in the treatment of infectious diseases. Further, the compounds are usable as antimicrobial agents and are useful for preventing or treating bacterial infectious diseases.
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Page/Page column 39
(2010/03/02)
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- (HETERO)ARYL COMPOUNDS WITH MCH ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY AND MEDICAMENTS COMPRISING THESE COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to (hetero)aryl compounds of general formula (I) wherein the groups and radicals A, B, Q, W, X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, have the meanings given in cl
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Page/Page column 76
(2010/11/27)
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- New carboxamide compounds having melanin concentrating hormone antagonistic activity, pharmaceutical preparations comprising these compounds and process for their manufacture
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The present invention relates to carboxamide compounds of general formula I wherein the groups and residues A, B, W, X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R3 and k have the meanings given in claim 1. Moreover the invention relates to process for preparing the above mentioned carboxamides as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one carboxamide according to the invention. In view of their MCH-receptor antagonistic activity the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of metabolic disorders and/or eating disorders, particularly obesity, bulimia, anorexia, hyperphagia and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 66-67
(2010/02/09)
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- NOVEL ALKYNE COMPOUNDS HAVING AN MCH ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT AND MEDICAMENTS CONTAINING THESE COMPOUNDS
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The invention relates to alkyne compounds of general formula (I), in which groups and residues A, B, W, X, Y, Z, R1 and R2 have the meanings as cited in Claim 1. The invention also relates to medicaments containing at least one inventive alkyne. The MCH receptor antagonistic effect renders the inventive medicaments suitable for treating metabolic disorders and/or eating disorders, in particular, obesity, bulimia, anorexia, hyperphagia and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 116
(2008/06/13)
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- Alkyne compounds with MCH antagonistic activity and medicaments comprising these compounds
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The present invention relates to alkyne compounds of general formula I wherein the groups and residues A, B, W, X, Y, Z, R1 and R2 have the meanings given in claim 1. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one alkyne according to the invention. In view of their MCH-receptor antagonistic activity the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of metabolic disorders and/or eating disorders, particularly obesity, bulimia, anorexia, hyperphagia and diabetes.
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- Bicyclic compounds
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Substituted N-substituted alkoxyphenyl compounds, compositions containing them, and methods of making and using them.
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- Antithrombotic diamines
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This application relates to the use as thrombin inhibitors, coagulation inhibitors and thromboembolic disorder agents of diamines of formula I as defined herein. It also provides novel compounds of formula I, processes and intermediates for their preparation, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising the novel compounds of formula I.
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- Tetraalkylammonium Trihydridocyanoborates. Versatile, Selective Reagents for Reductive Aminations in Nonpolar Media
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Tetrabutylammonium cyanoborohydride or the combination of sodium cyanoborohydride with Aliquat 336 provides useful, convenient reagents for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones in aprotic or protic media.
- Hutchins, Robert O.,Markowitz, Morris
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p. 3571 - 3574
(2007/10/02)
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