- The N-Hydroxymethyl Group as a Traceless Activating Group for the CAL-B-Catalysed Ring Cleavage of β-Lactams: A Type of Two-Step Cascade Reaction
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An efficient enzymatic two-step cascade procedure has been devised for rapid access to diverse amino acids from N-hydroxymethyl-β-lactams; representative amino acids include the antifungal agent cispentacin, intermediates for the taxol side-chain, and assorted cathepsin inhibitors. When CAL-B-catalysed hydrolyses of racemic N-hydroxymethyl-β-lactams were performed with H2O (0.5 equiv.) in iPr2O at 60 °C, relatively quick (vs. non-activated counterparts) and enantioselective (E > 200) ring cleavage reactions took place. As the ring-opened amino acids formed, the hydroxymethyl group, as a traceless activating group, underwent spontaneous in situ degradation. Consequently, the desired β-amino acid and unreacted N-hydroxymethyl-β-lactam enantiomers (ee > 95 %) were formed. The formation of polymers, induced by liberation of formaldehyde, was successfully restricted by the addition of benzylamine as a capture agent, to the enzymatic reactions. An efficient enzymatic two-step cascade procedure was devised for CAL-B-catalysed hydrolysis of racemic N-hydroxymethyl-β-lactams. Conditions in which the hydroxymethyl group serves as a traceless activating group (E > 200), giving desired β-amino acid along with unreacted starting lactam enantiomers (ee > 95 %) were identified; polymerization was controlled by addition benzylamine addition.
- Forró, Enik?,Galla, Zsolt,Fül?p, Ferenc
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p. 2647 - 2652
(2016/06/09)
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- Enzymatic preparation of (S)-3-amino-3-(o-tolyl)propanoic acid, a key intermediate for the construction of Cathepsin inhibitors
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Enantiomerically pure (S)-3-amino-3-(o-tolyl)propanoic acid [(S)-6], identified as the preferred enantiomeric form for the construction of novel β-amino acid derivatives as inhibitors of Cathepsin, was prepared through both indirect and direct enzymatic strategies. Resolution of hydroxymethylated β-lactam (±)-1 through Burkholderia cepacia lipase PSIM-catalysed R-selective butyrylation (E > 200) was first carried out in t-BuOMe. Treatment of the unreacted (S)-1 with 18% HCl then furnished the desired (S)-6·HCl. Next, Candida antarctica lipase B catalysed the ring cleavage of racemic 4-(o-tolyl)azetidin-2-one [(±)-2] with excellent R enantioselectivity (E > 200), either in t-BuOMe with added H2O as nucleophile or in H2O at 60 C. Hydrolysis of the less reactive β-lactam enantiomer [(S)-2] with 18% HCl afforded (S)-6·HCl. A direct enzymatic route to enantiomeric (S)-6 was finally optimized through the lipase PSIM-catalysed S-enantioselective (E > 200) hydrolysis of racemic ethyl 3-amino-3-(o-tolyl)propanoate [(±)-3] in t-BuOMe with added H 2O at 45 C or in H2O at 3 C.
- Forro, Enik,Tasnadi, Gabor,Fueloep, Ferenc
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