- Sustainable Method for the Large-Scale Preparation of Fe3O4 Nanocrystals
-
In this work, a facile synthetic process is reported for the large-scale synthesis of Fe3O4 nanocrystals. Thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 (100 g) in 1-hexadecanol produced Fe3O4 nanocrystals with well-controlled sizes and morphologies. The nanocrystals were spherically shaped with average diameters of 7.8 ± 0.6, 6.5 ± 0.4, and 5.9 ± 0.2 nm when prepared at 300°C, 270°C, and 250°C, respectively. Mechanisms of crystal formation were elucidated on the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis, enabling the large-scale preparation of Fe3O4 nanocrystals. To provide an environmentally benign route, Fe3O4 nanocrystals were prepared with recycled solvent which was recovered from the initial experiment. The resulting porous Fe3O4 nanocrystals had larger average sizes than those of the initial nanocrystals. Structural characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction.
- Lee, SungWoo,Yoon, Jae-Sik,Kang, Sungkyoung,Kwon, Kihyun,Chang, Ki Soo,Lee, SangGap,Choi, Sang-Il,Jeong, Jong-Ryul,Lee, Gaehang,Nam, Ki Min,Davies
-
-
Read Online
- PROCESS FOR TREATING KERATIN FIBRES WITH A CATIONIC DISULFIDE COMPOUND
-
Process for treating keratin fibres with a cationic disulfide compound The invention relates to a process for treating keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising: (i) a step of applying a compound (I) and also the acid or base salts thereof, the optical or geometrical isomers thereof, and the solvates thereof such as hydrates, in which compound of formula (I) R1, R2, R3, R4, x, m, n, X-, areas defined in the description; (ii) a step of heating the keratin fibres to a temperature of at least 100°C, preferably ranging from 100 to 250°C; it is understood that steps (i) and (ii) may be performed at the same time or separately. The process makes it possible to obtain good hair-conditioning cosmetic properties, with a long-lasting effect. The invention also relates to the novel compounds and to a cosmetic composition comprising such a compound.
- -
-
Page/Page column 22
(2017/06/09)
-
- ALKANE OXIDATION BY MODIFIED HYDROXYLASES
-
This invention relates to modified hydroxylases. The invention further relates to cells expressing such modified hydroxylases and methods of producing hydroxylated alkanes by contacting a suitable substrate with such cells.
- -
-
Paragraph 0339
(2016/02/16)
-
- Human cytochrome P450 4F11: Heterologous expression in bacteria, purification, and characterization of catalytic function
-
Human cytochrome P450 (P450) 4F11 is still considered an "orphan" because its function is not well characterized. A bacterial expression system was developed for human P450 4F11, producing ～230 nmol P450 from a 3-l culture of Escherichia coli. P450 4F11 was purified and utilized for untargeted substrate searches in human liver extract using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and isotopic labeling approach (Tang et al., 2009 [19]). Four fatty acids-palmitic, oleic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic-were identified in human liver and verified as substrates of P450 4F11. The products were characterized as ω-hydroxylated fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Kinetic analysis of the oxidation products confirmed that the fatty acids are substrates oxidized by P450 4F11. P450 4F11 also exhibited low activity for some drug N-demethylation reactions but none for activation of several pro-carcinogens.
- Tang, Zhongmei,Salamanca-Pinzon, Sandra Giovanna,Wu, Zhong-Liu,Xiao, Yi,Guengerich, F. Peter
-
experimental part
p. 86 - 93
(2010/12/25)
-
- Enzymatic aminolysis of lactones in aqueous miniemulsion: Catalysis through a novel pathway
-
Lipase-catalyzed aminolysis of lactones under aqueous conditions usually leads to the hydrolysis of the ester bond with only a minor content of the corresponding amide. However, the aminolysis of pentadecanolide (PD) and hexadecanolide (HD), respectively, with oleylamine (OA) in aqueous miniemulsion under optimized conditions (temperature, concentration of enzyme, reaction time) yields >90% amide. Kinetic investigations performed with OA and PD reveal that the lipase catalyzes a novel reaction pathway, i.e., the hydrolysis of a lactone followed by the amidation requiring 30. min and 8 days reaction time, respectively. The demands of a high amount of lipase as well as the long reaction time are caused by the low reactivity of the carboxylic group and the formation of salt with the amine. Similar reactions were performed with PD and other amines such as dodecyl, decyl, octyl, benzyl and hexyl amine resulting the analogous amide compounds.
- Ragupathy, Laks,Pluhar, Bettina,Ziener, Ulrich,Keller, Harald,Dyllick-Brenzinger, Rainer,Landfester, Katharina
-
experimental part
p. 270 - 276
(2010/11/16)
-
- Dendrimeric alkylated polyethylenimine nano-carriers with acid-cleavable outer cationic shells mediate improved transfection efficiency without increasing toxicity
-
Purpose. Improved polycation-based non-viral DNA vectors were sought by preparing dendrimers with polyethylenimine cores surrounded by various shells incorporating structural features intended to facilitate steps in transfection mechanisms. Dendrimeric vectors were designed with (a) an outer oligocation shell, intended to facilitate DNA release inside cells, (b) a hydrophobic C-16 alkyl shell, and (c) a polycationic core, the latter two intended to combine lipid-depletion and osmotic burst endosome escape mechanisms, respectively, and were (d) attached through an a acid-cleavable linker reported to hydrolyze at endosomal pH values. Methods. Vectors and DNA complexes were characterized by dynamic and static light scattering. Flow cytometry was used to quantitate transfection activity and cytotoxicity in CHO-Kl cells. Results. About 5-fold increased transfection activity was obtained for a vector constructed with an outer shell of oligocations attached through acid-cleavable linkers, relative to a control dendrimer with an acidstable linker. The most effective oligocation component of outer shells tested was spermine. Neither modification was associated with increased cytotoxicity. This vector design did not permit an evaluation of the benefit of combining endosome release mechanisms. Conclusion. Using acid-cleavable linkers to attach an outer shell of short, highly-charged oligocations to a PEI-based dendrimeric vector substantially increased transfection efficiency without increasing cytotoxicity.
- Steele, Terry W. J.,Shier, Wayne Thomas
-
experimental part
p. 683 - 698
(2011/03/20)
-
- Methods for ameliorating icthyosiform skin diseases
-
The present invention relates to the discovery of a method to provide stabilized transglutaminase 1 enzyme, involucrin, and other molecules necessary for the assembly of the cell envelope to skin cells. Novel biological tools, prophylactics, therapeutics, cosmetics, and methods of use of the foregoing for study, prevention, and treatment of skin disorders are also disclosed.
- -
-
-
- Method for producing 2-(ω-alkoxycarbonyl alkanoyl)-4-butanolide and a long-chain ω-hydroxycarboxylic acid
-
2-(ω-alkoxycarbonyl alkanoyl)-4-butanolide can be produced unexpectedly with a high selectivity and yield through condensation reaction of γ-butyrolactone with a highly available, loω-price dicarboxylate as represented by the following general formula: (where n denotes an integer of 7-13, and R denotes an alkyl group or an alkenyl group). Furthermore, a long-chain ω-hydroxycarboxylic acid can be produced by subjecting 2-(ω-alkoxycarbonyl alkanoyl)-4-butanolide to hydrolysis and decarboxylation and reducing the carbonyl groups in the resultant product into methylene groups.
- -
-
-
- Process of preparing ω-hydroxy acids
-
A new synthesis of ω-hydroxy acids, which employs commercially available starting materials and lowers the cost of production. The process involves coupling a fatty acyl group by enamine chemistry, followed by a ring expansion and selective reduction of ketoacid.
- -
-
-
- A facile racemic synthesis of eicosane-1,16-diol, an aglycone of a marine natural product forbesin
-
Eicosane-1,16-diol (3), the aglycone of forbesin isolated from the starfish Asterias forbesi, has been synthesised in racemic form by a facile approach from aleuritic acid.
- Subbaraman, A S,Mithran, S,Mamdapur, V R
-
p. 262 - 263
(2007/10/02)
-
- Methode de synthese d'acides gras marques substitues ou non en α et en β
-
2-Propyn-1-ol and the dibromides Br(CH2)nBr (n = 10-12) have been used as starting materials for the synthesis of α- and β-methyl-branched fatty acids (C16) labeled with 123I at the ω-position.The methyl groups are introduced through the use of the lithium salt of either propanoic or isobutyric acid.The synthesis of *IC6H5(CH2)14COOH and *IC6H5(CH2)12CH(CH3)CH2COOH have been achieved in the same way starting from phenylacetylene.In each case, the radioactive iodine atom is introduced by an I/*I exchange reaction.
- Apparu, Marcel,Comet, Michel,Leo, Pierre M.,Mathieu, Jean-Paul,Du Moulinet, Amaury,et al.
-
p. 118 - 124
(2007/10/02)
-
- Acides gras marques en position ω par un nucleide radioactif emetteur γ
-
The synthesis of many saturated, acetylenic, olefinic (Z or E) fatty acids labeled with 123I or 131I at the ω-position has been achieved.The radioactive iodine atom is introduced by a I-, *I- exchange reaction; the influence on the yield of several parameters - presence of iodine carrier, fatty acid and water concentrations, solution acidity - has been studied.Experimental conditions which produce labeling yields higher than 95percent have been defined; these results have lead to a very easy labeling method used in several hospitals in the external study of myocardial metabolism of fatty acids.
- Riche, Francoise,Mathieu, Jean-Paul,Vincens, Maurice,Bardy, Andre,Comet, Michel,Vidal, Michel
-
-
- Phosphonium Iodide in Organic Synthesis
-
Phosphonium iodide is found useful in the stereospecific conversion of some vicinal diols to olefins.Synthesis of cis-hexadec-9-enolide has been achieved.
- Chatterjea, J. N.,Majee, R. N.,Mukherjee, S. N.
-
p. 733 - 735
(2007/10/02)
-
- TRIPHESE CATALYTIC SAPONIFICATION
-
Poly(ethylene glycol)s grafted to cross-linked polystyrene are active and stable triphase catalysts for the saponification of esters.
- Kimura, Yoshikazu,Regen, Steven L.
-
p. 442 - 448
(2007/10/02)
-
- New compounds: fatty acid and long chain hydrocarbon derivatives containing a strong chelating agent
-
Fatty acid and long chain hydrocarbon analogs that contain a strong chelating group were synthesized as part of an effort to determine if the biological function of the fatty acid can be used to transport metallic isotopes to the myocardium.
- Eckelman,Karesh,Reba
-
p. 704 - 706
(2007/10/05)
-
