- Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Determination of Urea in Plasma and Application to Urea Metabolism Study
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The study of urea metabolism in human necessitates sensitive methods, so that very low isotopic enrichments of plasma or urinary urea can be measured.A stable derivative of urea, suitable for the measurements of 15N or 13C enrichments of urea using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, is described.The trimethylsiloxypyrimidine could be used to measure - and urea enrichments as low as 0.5percent with a coefficient of variation below 5percent.Determination of a lower enrichment of urea required the use of 2-trifluoroacetoxypyrimidine, which had a background of0.4 percent at the (M+2) ion.The coefficient of variation in determining the background was 1.6percent; this means a low enrichment, such as 0.1percent, could be determined with confidence.This technique was applied to the study of urea metabolism in humans and dogs.
- Tserng, Kou-Yi,Kalhan, Satish C.
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- MILD ACID HYDROLYSIS OF 2-PYRIMIDINONE-CONTAINING DNA FRAGMENTS GENERATES APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC SITES
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Facile glycosidic bond cleavage of 2-pyrimidinone-2'-deoxynucleosides occurs under mildly acidic conditions (pH 3.0) and ambient temperature.When a 2-pyrimidinone nucleoside residue is present in a DNA fragment, hydrolysis results in an apurinic/apyrimidinic (abasic) site.The incorporation of 2-pyrimidinones into chemically synthesized DNA provides a route for the chemical generation of an abasic site at a preselected position in the sequence.
- Iocono, Joseph A.,Gildea, Brian,McLaughlin, Larry W.
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- Discovery of BI 207524, an indole diamide NS5B thumb pocket 1 inhibitor with improved potency for the potential treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection
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The development of interferon-free regimens for the treatment of chronic HCV infection constitutes a preferred option that is expected in the future to provide patients with improved efficacy, better tolerability, and reduced risk for emergence of drug-resistant virus. We have pursued non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase allosteric inhibitors as combination partners with other direct acting antivirals (DAAs) having a complementary mechanism of action. Herein, we describe the discovery of a potent follow-up compound (BI 207524, 27) to the first thumb pocket 1 NS5B inhibitor to demonstrate antiviral activity in genotype 1 HCV infected patients, BILB 1941 (1). Cell-based replicon potency was significantly improved through electronic modulation of the pKa of the carboxylic acid function of the lead molecule. Subsequent ADME-PK optimization lead to 27, a predicted low clearance compound in man. The preclinical profile of inhibitor 27 is discussed, as well as the identification of a genotoxic metabolite that led to the discontinuation of the development of this compound.
- Beaulieu, Pierre L.,Anderson, Paul C.,Bethell, Richard,B?s, Michael,Bousquet, Yves,Brochu, Christian,Cordingley, Michael G.,Fazal, Gulrez,Garneau, Michel,Gillard, James R.,Kawai, Stephen,Marquis, Martin,McKercher, Ginette,Poupart, Marc-André,Stammers, Timothy,Thavonekham, Bounkham,Wernic, Dominik,Duan, Jianmin,Kukolj, George
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p. 10130 - 10143
(2015/02/05)
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- Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological study of 4,5-dihydropyrazolines carrying pyrimidine moiety
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A series of 5-bromo-2-(3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine were prepared under conventional heating as well as microwave reaction condition. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental, spectral and single crystal X-ray studies. These new compounds were screened for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Some of these compounds exhibited potent biological activities compared to the standard drug.
- Adhikari, Adithya,Kalluraya, Balakrishna,Sujith, Kizhakke Veedu,Gouthamchandra, Kuluvar,Jairam, Ravikumar,Mahmood, Riaz,Sankolli, Ravish
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p. 467 - 474
(2012/11/07)
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- VIRAL POLYMERASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to compounds represented by formula (I) wherein A, B, D, E, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9, a, b, d and e are as defined herein, their salt or ester and pharmaceutical compositions thereof useful in the treatment of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Said compounds were found to have inhibitory activity against HCV polymerase, especially as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase
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Page/Page column 54-55
(2010/11/26)
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- VIRAL POLYMERASE INHIBITORS
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A compound, represented by formula (I) or an enantiomer, diastereoisomer or tautomer thereof : wherein either A or B is nitrogen and the other B or A is C, and the radicals R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R9, and R10 are as defined herein, or a salt, ester or derivative thereof as viral polymerase inhibitors. The compound is used as an inhibitor of RNA dependent RNA polymerases, particulary those viral polymerases within the Flaviviridae family, more particulary to HCV polymerase.
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Page/Page column 64
(2010/02/15)
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- Alpha-substituted pyrimidine-thioalkyl and alkylether compounds as inhibitors of viral reverse transcriptase
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The subject invention relates to pyrimidine-thioalkyl and alkylether compounds of Formula (I) and pyrimidine-thioalkyl and alkylethers of Formula (IA), namely the compounds of Formula (I) where R 4 is selected from the group consisitng of --H or --NR 15 R 16 where R 15 is --H and R 16 is --H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, NH 2 or R 15 and R 16 taken together with the --N form 1-pyrrolidino, 1-morpholino or 1-piperidino; and R 6 is selected from the group consisting of --H, or halo (preferably --Cl); with the overall proviso that R 4 and R 6 are not both --H. The compounds of Formula (IA) are useful in the treatment of individuals who are HIV positive being inhibitors of viral reverse transcriptase. STR1
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- Pyrimidine-thioalkyl and alkylether compounds
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The subject invention relates to pyrimidine-thioalkyl and alkylether compounds of Formula (I) and pyrimidine-thioalkyl and alkylethers of Formula (IA), namely the compounds of Formula (I) where R 4 is selected from the group consisting of --H or --NR 15 R 16 where R 15 is --H and R 16 is --H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, --NH 2 or R 15 and R 16 taken together with the --N form 1-pyrrolidino, 1-morpholino or 1-piperidino; and R 6 is selected from the group consisting of --H, or halo (preferably --Cl); with the overall proviso that R 4 and R 6 are not both --H. The compounds of Formula (IA) are useful in the treatment of individuals who are HIV positive.
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- Ring-Centered Heterocyclic Cations and the Direct Heteroarylation of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Compounds
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(matrix presented) The protonation of heterocyclic diazotates (attachment adjacent to a nitrogen atom) yields ring-centered heterocyclic carbocations that are highly reactive. The carbocations were found to alkylate aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, such as benzene, N-methylpyrrole, and 2-aminopyridine, in reactions that are synthetically useful. This carbocation involvement may serve as a paradigm for the cross-linking of DNA by nitrous acid and the anticancer activity of heterocyclic diazotates.
- Song, Fenhong,St. Hilaire, Valentine R.,White, Emil H.
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p. 1957 - 1959
(2008/02/11)
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- Thiapyran formation via an unexpected thioaldehyde intermediate by the thermal decomposition of phenacyl sulfoxides bearing some heterocycles
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Thermolysis of phenacyl sulfoxide bearing some nitrogen-containing heterocycles in the presence of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butadiene led to 6-benzoyl-5,6-dihydro-3,4-dimethyl-2H-thiapyran. This product was considered to be formed by the Diels-Alder reaction of the diene with thioaldehyde formed initially by the thermal decomposition of the sulfoxide.
- Morita, Hiroyuki,Takeda, Masahiro,Kamiyama, Hideo,Hashimoto, Tadaaki,Yoshimura, Toshiaki,Shimasaki, Choichiro,Tsukurimichi, Eiichi
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p. 3739 - 3740
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for the manufacture of 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimine
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Hydroxypyrimidine, a key intermediate in the manufacture of diazinon, is prepared in high yields and high purity by reacting an amidine with methyl-acetoacetate in a dry, i.e. non-aqueous, medium in the presence of a methanolic base in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent while azeotropically distilling off water formed during the reaction.
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- Herbicidal sulfonamides
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Certain sulfonylurea compounds such as 2-[[[4-methoxy-6-(methylselenylmethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]benzoic acid, methyl ester and 2-[[[4-methoxy-6-(phenylthiomethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]benzoic acid, methyl ester provide herbicidal activity.
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- Theoretical Description of Solvent Effects. V. The Medium Influence on the Lactim-Lactam Tautomerism of Hydroxyazines
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Der Loesungsmitteleffekt auf die Tautomeriegleichgewichte der Titelverbindungen wird mit Hilfe klassischer und quantenchemischer Versionen der Solvatonen- und der Reaktionsfeldtheorie berechnet.In Uebereinstimmung mit dem Experiment ergeben alle getesteten Verfahren eine Gleichgewichtsverschiebung zugunsten der Lactamform.Zur quantitativen Beschreibung dieses Effektes ist jedoch das Reaktionsfeldmodell besser geeignet.
- Krebs, C.,Foerster, W.,Weiss, C.,Hofmann, H.-J.
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p. 369 - 378
(2007/10/02)
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- Kinetics and Mechanism of Reaction between 2-Aminopyrimidine and Sodium Hydroxide
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The title reaction has been investigated in strong alkaline medium (1.0 to 3.0 M NaOH solution) at 95 deg.The reaction is pseudo-first order and the rate constants increase with increasing .The dependence of rate on is linear at =1.0 to 2.0 M, thereafter a sharp increase in the reaction rate is observed.A suitable mechanism involving monoanionic and dianionic tetrahedral intermediates is suggested and the following rate equation has been derived.
- Jain, S. K.,Khan, A. Aziz
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p. 397 - 399
(2007/10/02)
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- EQUILIBRE LACTIME-LACTAME DES HYDROXY-PYRIDINES ET DES HYDROXY-PYRIMIDINES (URACILES) EN MILIEU APOLAIRE: ETUDE INFRA-ROUGE
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In contrast to what observed with mono hydroxy-pyridines and -pyrimidines the lactim-lactam equilibrium of uracils is not found to be markedly influenced by solvent polarity.
- Chevrier, Marianne,Bensaude, Olivier,Guillerez, Jean,Dubois, Jacques-Emile
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p. 3359 - 3362
(2007/10/02)
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