- Selective Production of Linear Aldehydes and Alcohols from Alkenes using Formic Acid as Syngas Surrogate
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Performing carbonylation without the use of carbon monoxide for high-value-added products is an attractive yet challenging topic in sustainable chemistry. Herein, effective methods for producing linear aldehydes or alcohols selectively with formic acid as both carbon monoxide and hydrogen source have been described. Linear-selective hydroformylation of alkenes proceeds smoothly with up to 88 % yield and >30 regioselectivity in the presence of single Rh catalyst. Strikingly, introducing Ru into the system, the dual Rh/Ru catalysts accomplish efficient and regioselective hydroxymethylation in one pot. The present processes utilizing formic acid as syngas surrogate operate simply under mild condition, which opens a sustainable way for production of linear aldehydes and alcohols without the need for gas cylinders and autoclaves. As formic acid can be readily produced via CO2 hydrogenation, the protocols represent indirect approaches for chemical valorization of CO2.
- Chen, Junjun,Hua, Kaimin,Liu, Xiaofang,Deng, Yuchao,Wei, Baiyin,Wang, Hui,Sun, Yuhan
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p. 9919 - 9924
(2021/05/31)
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- A Bifunctional Copper Catalyst Enables Ester Reduction with H2: Expanding the Reactivity Space of Nucleophilic Copper Hydrides
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Employing a bifunctional catalyst based on a copper(I)/NHC complex and a guanidine organocatalyst, catalytic ester reductions to alcohols with H2 as terminal reducing agent are facilitated. The approach taken here enables the simultaneous activation of esters through hydrogen bonding and formation of nucleophilic copper(I) hydrides from H2, resulting in a catalytic hydride transfer to esters. The reduction step is further facilitated by a proton shuttle mediated by the guanidinium subunit. This bifunctional approach to ester reductions for the first time shifts the reactivity of generally considered "soft"copper(I) hydrides to previously unreactive "hard"ester electrophiles and paves the way for a replacement of stoichiometric reducing agents by a catalyst and H2.
- Kaicharla, Trinadh,Ngoc, Trung Tran,Teichert, Johannes F.,Tzaras, Dimitrios-Ioannis,Zimmermann, Birte M.
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supporting information
p. 16865 - 16873
(2021/10/20)
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- Access to Trisubstituted Fluoroalkenes by Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cross-Metathesis
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Although the olefin metathesis reaction is a well-known and powerful strategy to get alkenes, this reaction remained highly challenging with fluororalkenes, especially the Cross-Metathesis (CM) process. Our thought was to find an easy accessible, convenient, reactive and post-functionalizable source of fluoroalkene, that we found as the methyl 2-fluoroacrylate. We reported herein the efficient ruthenium-catalyzed CM reaction of various terminal and internal alkenes with methyl 2-fluoroacrylate giving access, for the first time, to trisubstituted fluoroalkenes stereoselectively. Unprecedent TON for CM involving fluoroalkene, up to 175, have been obtained and the reaction proved to be tolerant and effective with a large range of olefin partners giving fair to high yields in metathesis products. (Figure presented.).
- Nouaille, Augustin,Pannecoucke, Xavier,Poisson, Thomas,Couve-Bonnaire, Samuel
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supporting information
p. 2140 - 2147
(2021/03/06)
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- HETEROCYCLIC MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
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Heterocyclic compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed. The use of such heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of cancers, and more particularly cancers sensitive to mitochondrial activity inhibition and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, is also disclosed. Such cancers include acute myeloid leukemia (AML), preferably AML characterized by certain features, such as high level of expression of one or more Homeobox (HOX)-network genes, high and/or low expression of specific genes, the presence of one or more cytogenetic or molecular risk factors such as intermediate cytogenetic risk, Normal Karyotype (A/K), mutated NPM1, mutated CEBPA, mutated FLT3, mutated DNMT3A, mutated TET2, mutated IDH1, mutated IDH2, mutated RUNX1, mutated WT1, mutated SRSF2, intermediate cytogenetic risk with abnormal karyotype (intern(abnK)), trisomy 8 (+8) and/or abnormal chromosome (5/7), and/or a high leukemic stem cell (LSC) frequency.
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Page/Page column 200
(2019/05/22)
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- Heterocyclization involving benzylic C(sp3)-H functionalization enabled by visible light photoredox catalysis
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A general and efficient method for heterocyclization involving benzylic C(sp3)-H functionalization enabled by visible light photoredox catalysis to access a wide range of structurally diverse oxygen as well as nitrogen heterocycles up to a gram scale is reported. The potential application of this new methodology is demonstrated by the total synthesis of (-)-codonopsinine and (+)-centrolobine. Herein it is proposed that selectfluor, unlike a fluorinating reagent, acts as an oxidative quencher and a hydrogen radical acceptor.
- Pandey, Ganesh,Laha, Ramkrishna,Mondal, Pradip Kumar
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supporting information
p. 9689 - 9692
(2019/08/15)
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- Dual Rh?Ru Catalysts for Reductive Hydroformylation of Olefins to Alcohols
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An active and selective dual catalytic system to promote domino hydroformylation–reduction reactions is described. Apart from terminal, di- and trisubstituted olefins, for the first time the less active internal C?C double bond of tetrasubstituted alkenes can also be utilized. As an example, 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene is converted into the corresponding n-alcohol with high yield (90 %) as well as regio- and chemoselectivity (>97 %). Key for this development is the use of a combination of Rh complexes with bulky monophosphite ligands and the Ru-based Shvo's complex. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes can be directly used to obtain mainly linear alcohols.
- Rodrigues, Fábio M. S.,Kucmierczyk, Peter K.,Pineiro, Marta,Jackstell, Ralf,Franke, Robert,Pereira, Mariette M.,Beller, Matthias
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p. 2310 - 2314
(2018/07/31)
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- Catalytic Oxygenative Allylic Transposition of Alkenes into Enones with an Azaadamantane-Type Oxoammonium Salt Catalyst
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The first catalytic oxygenative allylic transposition of unactivated alkenes into enones has been developed using an oxoammonium salt as the catalyst. This reaction converts various tri- and trans-disubstituted alkenes into their corresponding enones with transposition of their double bonds at ambient temperature in good yields. The use of a less-hindered azaadamantane-type oxoammonium salt as the catalyst and a combination of two distinct stoichiometric oxidants, namely, iodobenzene diacetate and magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate (MMPP?6 H2O) are essential to facilitate the enone formation efficiently.
- Nagasawa, Shota,Sasano, Yusuke,Iwabuchi, Yoshiharu
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supporting information
p. 10276 - 10279
(2017/08/07)
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- Targeting an Aromatic Hotspot in Plasmodium falciparum 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase with β-Arylpropyl Analogues of Fosmidomycin
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Blocking the 2-C-methyl-d-erythrithol-4-phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis offers new ways to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium spp. Fosmidomycin [(3-(N-hydroxyformamido)propyl)phosphonic acid, 1] and its acetyl homologue FR-900098 [(3-(N-hydroxyacetamido)propyl)phosphonic acid, 2] potently inhibit 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (Dxr), a key enzyme in this biosynthetic pathway. Arylpropyl substituents were introduced at the β-position of the hydroxamate analogue of 2 to study changes in lipophilicity, as well as electronic and steric properties. The potency of several new compounds on the P. falciparum enzyme approaches that of 1 and 2. Activities against the enzyme and parasite correlate well, supporting the mode of action. Seven X-ray structures show that all of the new arylpropyl substituents displace a key tryptophan residue of the active-site flap, which had made favorable interactions with 1 and 2. Plasticity of the flap allows substituents to be accommodated in many ways; in most cases, the flap is largely disordered. Compounds can be separated into two classes based on whether the substituent on the aromatic ring is at the meta or para position. Generally, meta-substituted compounds are better inhibitors, and in both classes, smaller size is linked to better potency.
- Sooriyaarachchi, Sanjeewani,Chofor, René,Risseeuw, Martijn D. P.,Bergfors, Terese,Pouyez, Jenny,Dowd, Cynthia S.,Maes, Louis,Wouters, Johan,Jones, T. Alwyn,Van Calenbergh, Serge,Mowbray, Sherry L.
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p. 2024 - 2036
(2016/10/22)
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- Terminal-Selective Functionalization of Alkyl Chains by Regioconvergent Cross-Coupling
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Hydrocarbons are still the most important precursors of functionalized organic molecules, which has stirred interest in the discovery of new C?H bond functionalization methods. We describe herein a new step-economical approach that enables C?C bonds to be constructed at the terminal position of linear alkanes. First, we show that secondary alkyl bromides can undergo in situ conversion into alkyl zinc bromides and regioconvergent Negishi coupling with aryl or alkenyl triflates. The use of a suitable phosphine ligand favoring Pd migration enabled the selective formation of the linear cross-coupling product. Subsequently, mixtures of secondary alkyl bromides were prepared from linear alkanes by standard bromination, and regioconvergent cross-coupling then provided access to the corresponding linear arylation product in only two steps.
- Dupuy, Stéphanie,Zhang, Ke-Feng,Goutierre, Anne-Sophie,Baudoin, Olivier
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supporting information
p. 14793 - 14797
(2016/11/23)
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- Uncaging Alcohols Using UV or Visible Light Photoinduced Electron Transfer to 9-Phenyl-9-tritylone Ethers
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The clean and efficient photorelease of primary and secondary alcohols is reported from the deprotection of a new photoremovable protecting group, the 9-phenyltritylone (PTO) group. Deprotection is initiated by 350 nm excitation of the PTO chromophore in the presence of triethylamine or using 447 nm light in the presence of a visible light absorbing photocatalyst and triethylamine. Laser flash photolysis results are reported in support of a proposed deprotection mechanism for the release of alcohols on a ca. 20 μs time scale.
- Denning, Derek M.,Pedowitz, Nichole J.,Thum, Matthew D.,Falvey, Daniel E.
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supporting information
p. 5986 - 5989
(2016/01/09)
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- Benzoxazolone Carboxamides as Potent Acid Ceramidase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies
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Ceramides are lipid-derived intracellular messengers involved in the control of senescence, inflammation, and apoptosis. The cysteine amidase, acid ceramidase (AC), hydrolyzes these substances into sphingosine and fatty acid and, by doing so, regulates their signaling activity. AC inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of pathological conditions, such as cancer, in which ceramide levels are abnormally reduced. Here, we present a systematic SAR investigation of the benzoxazolone carboxamides, a recently described class of AC inhibitors that display high potency and systemic activity in mice. We examined a diverse series of substitutions on both benzoxazolone ring and carboxamide side chain. Several modifications enhanced potency and stability, and one key compound with a balanced activity-stability profile (14) was found to inhibit AC activity in mouse lungs and cerebral cortex after systemic administration. The results expand our arsenal of AC inhibitors, thereby facilitating the use of these compounds as pharmacological tools and their potential development as drug leads.
- Bach, Anders,Pizzirani, Daniela,Realini, Natalia,Vozella, Valentina,Russo, Debora,Penna, Ilaria,Melzig, Laurin,Scarpelli, Rita,Piomelli, Daniele
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supporting information
p. 9258 - 9272
(2015/12/23)
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- Iron-catalyzed arene alkylation reactions with unactivated secondary alcohols
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A simple, iron-based catalytic system allows for the inter- and intramolecular arylation of unactivated secondary alcohols. This transformation expands the substrate scope beyond the previously required activated alcohols and proceeds under mild reaction conditions, tolerating air and moisture. Furthermore, the use of an enantioenriched secondary alcohol provides an enantioenriched product for the intramolecular reaction, thereby offering a convenient approach to nonracemic products.
- Jefferies, Latisha R.,Cook, Silas P.
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p. 2026 - 2029
(2014/05/06)
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- Discovery of synthetic methoxy-substituted 4-phenylbutyric acid derivatives as chemical chaperones
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In this study, we evaluated the chemical chaperone activity of synthetic 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) derivatives. These derivatives have a methoxy group at the benzene ring and/or longer or shorter fatty acid portions. Several 4-PBA derivatives demonstrated higher antiaggregation activity than 4-PBA. Moreover, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butanoic acid (7b) showed protective effects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal cell death.
- Mimori, Seisuke,Okuma, Yasunobu,Kaneko, Masayuki,Kawada, Koichi,Nomura, Yasuyuki,Murakami, Yasuoki,Hamana, Hiroshi
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supporting information
p. 1051 - 1052
(2013/09/24)
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- Compounds and methods of arylmethylation (benzylation) as protection for alcohol groups during chemical synthesis
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A process for benzylating an alcohol includes mixing 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a predetermined boiling point; adding an acid scavenger to the mixture; combining the alcohol to be benzylated with the mixture; reacting the alcohol with the 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate by heating above ambient temperature to generate the benzylated alcohol; and separating the benzylated alcohol from the mixture.
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Page/Page column 4-5; 10
(2010/07/14)
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- Discovery of a highly orally bioavailable c-5-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)hexyl]-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-r-2-carbo xylic acid as a potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent
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A series of novel 1,3-dioxane-2-carboxylic acid derivatives containing alkyl chain tether and substituted phenyl group as a lipophilic tail have been prepared as agonists of PPARα and γ. c-5-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)hexyl]-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-r-2-carbo xylic acid 13c exhibited potent hypoglycemic and lipid lowering activity with high oral bioavailability in animal models.
- Pingali, Harikishore,Jain, Mukul,Shah, Shailesh,Basu, Sujay,Makadia, Pankaj,Goswami, Amitgiri,Zaware, Pandurang,Patil, Pravin,Godha, Atul,Giri, Suresh,Goel, Ashish,Patel, Megha,Patel, Harilal,Patel, Pankaj
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scheme or table
p. 5586 - 5590
(2009/06/18)
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- Asymmetric hydrogenation of α-primary and secondary amino ketones: Efficient asymmetric syntheses of (-)-arbutamine and (-)-denopamine
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Two ss-receptor agonists (-)-denopamine and (-)-arbutamine were prepared in good yields and enantioselectivities by asymmetric hydrogenation of unprotected amino ketones for the first time by using Rh catalysts bearing electron-donating phosphine ligands. A series of α-primary and secondary amino ketones were synthesized and hydrogenated to produce various 1,2-amino alcohols in good yields and with good enantioselectivies. This Rh electron-donating phosphine-catalyzed asymmetric hyderogenation repI resents one of the most promising and convenient approaches towards the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino alcohols.
- Shang, Gao,Liu, Duan,Allen, Scott E.,Yang, Qin,Zhang, Xumu
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p. 7780 - 7784
(2008/04/03)
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- Inhibition of IGF-1R and lipoxygenase by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) analogs
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Herein, we pursue the hypothesis that the structure of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) can be refined for selective potency against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer while diminishing its action against other cellular targets. Thus, a set of NDGA analogs (7a-7h) was prepared and examined for inhibitory potency against IGF-1R kinase and an alternative target, 15-lipoxygenase (15 LOX). The anti-cancer effects of these compounds were determined by their ability to inhibit IGF-1 mediated cell growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The design of the analogs was based upon a cursory Topliss approach in which one of NDGA's aromatic rings was modified with various substituents. Structural modification of one of the two catechol rings of NDGA was found to have little effect upon the inhibitory potency against both kinase activity of the IGF-1R and IGF-1 mediated cell growth of MCF-7 cells. 15-LOX was found to be most sensitive to structural modifications of NDGA. From the limited series of NDGA analogs examined, the compound that exhibited the greatest selectivity for IGF-1 mediated growth compared to 15-LOX inhibition was a cyclic analog 7h with a framework similar to a natural product isolated from Larrea divaricata. The results for 7h are significant because while NDGA displays biological promiscuity, 7h exhibits greater specificity toward the breast cancer target IGF-1R with that added benefit of possessing a 10-fold weaker potency against 15-LOX, an enzyme which has a purported tumor suppressing role in breast cancer. With increased specificity and potency, 7h may serve as a new lead in developing novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
- Blecha, Joseph E.,Anderson, Marc O.,Chow, Jennifer M.,Guevarra, Christle C.,Pender, Celia,Penaranda, Cristina,Zavodovskaya, Marianna,Youngren, Jack F.,Berkman, Clifford E.
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p. 4026 - 4029
(2008/02/12)
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- A facile synthesis of di-O-methyl centrolobol
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A facile route to (±)di-O-methyl centrolobol 4 has been explored starting from 4-oxo-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) butanoic acid 7 and 4-methoxycinnamic acid 13.
- Panda, Atulya Kumar
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p. 372 - 375
(2007/10/03)
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- Structure-activity relationship for a series of 2-substituted 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles: Potent subtype-selective inhibitors of N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors
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A series of 2-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles was synthesized as potential antagonists for the NR1(A)/2B subtype of N-methyl- D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Assayed by electrical recording under steady- state conditions, 7-hydroxy-2-(4-phenylbutyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido-[3,4- b]indole (30) was the most potent compound in the series having an IC50 value of 50 nM at the NR1(A)/2B receptors.
- Tamiz, Amir P.,Whittemore, Edward R.,Woodward, Richard M.,Upasani, Ravindra B.,Keana, John F.W.
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p. 1619 - 1624
(2007/10/03)
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- Cyclic imino derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
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The invention relates to cyclic imino compounds which have, inter alia, valuable pharmacological properties, especially inhibitory effects on cell aggregation, pharmaceutical compositions which contain these compounds and processes for preparing them.
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- The Enantiospecific Nicholas Reaction
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The enantiospecific Nicholas reaction, i.e. cobalt-promoted Friedel-Crafts reaction leading from chiral reactant to chiral product, was demonstrated for the first time. - Key Words: Nicholas reaction; enantiospecific; cobalt-stabilized carborations; 1-ethynyltetralin
- Muehldorf, Alexander V.,Guzman-Perez, Angel,Kluge, Arthur F.
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p. 8755 - 8758
(2007/10/02)
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- An approach to the biomimetic synthesis of aryltetralin lignans
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The BF3 catalysed cyclisation of 3-arylpropyl substituted quinone-methide ketals affords a mild, biomimetic route to aryltetralins. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of the products are reported.
- Pelter, Andrew,Ward, Robert S.,Rao, Ramohan R.
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p. 2933 - 2938
(2007/10/02)
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- PREPARATION OF HOMOLOGS OF L-2-AMINO-5-(p-METOXYPHENYL)PENTANOIC ACID
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Lower and higher homologs, L-2-amino-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)butanoic acid (L-amb) and L-2-amino-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)hexanoic acid (L-Amh), of L-2-amino-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)pentanoic acid were prepared by optical resolution of N-acetyl-DL-Amb and of N-acetyl-DL-Amh with Aspergillus acylase.N-acetyl DL-Amb or N-acetyl-DL-Amh was synthesized from (acetamido malonic acid by heating with p-xylene.
- Kosui, Nobuo,Waki, Michinori,Kato, Tetsuo,Izumiya, Nobuo
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p. 918 - 920
(2007/10/02)
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- Methods for the Construction of Linear 1,7-Diarylheptanoids; Synthesis of Di-O-methylcentrolobol and Precursors (Synthetic and Biosynthetic) to the meta,meta-Bridged Biphenyls Myricanol and Myricanone
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1,7-diarylheptanoids are a varied natural product class in which 'linear' types appear to be biosynthetic precursors to macro(carbo)cyclic (3), macro(oxa)cyclic (4), and condensed polycyclic (5) examples.Various methods (suitable for radiolabelling) are described for constructing 'linear' diarylheptanoids, including Grignard couplings (employing activated magnesium) with arylpropanals and oxazonium salts (11a), (11h), (15a), and (15b)> and dithian alkylation (15c)>.Alkyl-lithium treatment of the benzyloxydithian (19b) gave 1,2,3-triphenylcyclopropane.Syntheses via trialkylcyanoborates were frustrated by disproportionation of the intermediate trialkylboranes.The diarylheptanoids synthesised (11a-h) and (15a-e) include synthetic and biosynthetic precursors to meta,meta-bridged biphenyls and related macrocyclic ethers.
- Henley-Smith, Peter,Whiting, Donald A.,Wood, Andrew F.
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p. 614 - 622
(2007/10/02)
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