- Dynamic extension-contraction motion in supramolecular springs
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We have prepared coordination polymers with bent conformations that adopt a helical structure with reversible extension-contraction motions, triggered by temperature. Furthermore, this dynamic conformational change leads to a fluorescence switching between the fluorescent stretched and nonfluorescent compressed states of the supramolecular springs. Copyright
- Kim, Ho-Joong,Lee, Eunji,Park, Hye-Seo,Lee, Myongsoo
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- Steering power of perfluoroalkyl substituents in crystal engineering: Tuning the π-π Distance while maintaining the lamellar packing motif for aromatics with various sizes of π-conjugation
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Previously, we reported that introducing perfluoroalkyl substituents onto aromatics promotes the formation of lamellar π-π stacked crystalline materials with short interplanar distances. In this report, we developed a new synthetic route that effectively prepares perfluoroalkylated N-containing aromatics by eliminating a side perfluoroalkylation reaction occurring on nonsubstituted Csp2-H sites of the corresponding bromoaromatics without regioselectivity. This results in a significant improvement of the yield of target perfluoroalkylated aromatics and facilitates the purification and scale-up processes. X-ray single crystal structural analyses show that lamellar π-π stacked structures with tunable interplanar distances are achieved with fused N-containing aromatics with varying sizes of π-conjugation. Both crystal structures and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the interplanar distance can be fine-tuned with the size of π-conjugation, with larger π-conjugation favoring shorter interplanar distances while still maintaining a lamellar π-π stacked packing motif. Compared to our previous results, we find that simply changing the perfluoroalkyl substituent positions and patterns can change molecular topology to exclusively form lamellar π-π stacked packing motifs through prioritization of specific steric effects. Electrochemical results and absorption spectra confirm that the band gap is reduced due to increasing π-conjugation, and the first reduction potential exhibits a significant positive shift due to both increasing π-conjugation and perfluoroalkylation.
- Banikhaled, Mohammad O.,Mottishaw, Jeffery D.,Sun, Haoran
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- Blue-orange emitting carbazole based donor-acceptor derivatives: Synthesis and studies of modulating acceptor unit on opto-electrochemical and theoretical properties
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In order to demonstrate an effect of varying acceptor unit on optoelectronic properties of Donor–Acceptor (D–A) assembly, we herein designed and synthesized C–N coupled, carbazole based dyes 1–8 by employing Buchwald–Hartwig coupling amination reaction and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. Presence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions (λmax = 403–467 nm) in absorption spectra of all dyes reminiscent D–A assembly in it and emit in blue–yellow region (λemm = 467–565 nm) in solution state with marked positive solvatochromism. The photophysical studies of some of the dyes in different THF/water mixtures revealed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature with the nanoparticles formation, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The HOMO (?5.42 to ?5.74 eV) and LUMO (?3.03 to ?3.50 eV) energy level of these molecules measured by cyclic voltammetry suggest electron transporting property in it. Further, DFT/TDDFT calculation of dyes, indicate quite comparable theoretical and experimental photophysical and electrochemical data. Moreover, calculated singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excitation energy levels by DFT/B3LYP/6–311 G+(d,p) shows small ΔEST value for some dyes and hence called as TADF emitters. Thus obtained all optoelectrochemical properties of dyes propose its potential use in optoelectronic devices and in biosensing.
- Badani, Purav M.,Kamble, Rajesh M.,Singh, Pooja S.
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- Fully Conjugated [4]Chrysaorene. Redox-Coupled Anion Binding in a Tetraradicaloid Macrocycle
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[4]Chrysaorene, a fully conjugated carbocyclic coronoid, is shown to be a low-bandgap π-conjugated system with a distinct open-shell character. The system shows good chemical stability and can be oxidized to well-defined radical cation and dication states. The cavity of [4]chrysaorene acts as an anion receptor toward halide ions with a particular selectivity toward iodides (Ka = 207 ± 6 M-1). The interplay between anion binding and redox chemistry is demonstrated using a 1H NMR analysis in solution. In particular, a well-resolved, paramagnetically shifted spectrum of the [4]chrysaorene radical cation is observed, providing evidence for the inner binding of the iodide. The radical cation-iodide adduct can be generated in thin solid films of [4] chrysaorene by simple exposure to diiodine vapor.
- Gregolińska, Hanna,Majewski, Marcin,Chmielewski, Piotr J.,Gregoliński, Janusz,Chien, Alan,Zhou, Jiawang,Wu, Yi-Lin,Bae, Youn Jue,Wasielewski, Michael R.,Zimmerman, Paul M.,Stepień, Marcin
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- Synthesis and investigation of the photophysical, electrochemical and theoretical properties of phenazine-Amine based cyan blue-red fluorescent materials for organic electronics
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To understand the structure-property relationship, we have designed and synthesized seven novel donor-Acceptor based phenazine-Amines, 2-8, by the Buchwald-Hartwig coupling amination reaction in moderate yield. The synthesized molecules were fully characterized and the influence of modulating the donor and phenazine core on the optoelectrochemical properties was studied. The absorption spectra of 2-8 display intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions in the range of 431-501 nm. Dyes 2-8 exhibit positive solvatofluorochromism and emit in the cyan blue-red region with emission maxima at 498-641 nm on excitation at their respective ICT maxima in toluene, chloroform, DCM and neat solid film. The photophysical studies of the dyes in different THF/water mixtures revealed aggregation induced emission (AIE) features in dyes 2, 3 and 5. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels were found to be in the ranges of-5.39 to-5.68 eV and-3.59 to-3.71 eV, respectively, with electrochemical band gaps within the range 1.73-2.04 eV. Theoretical studies of the molecules were also carried out by using TD-DFT calculations. The comparable electrochemical energy levels to ambipolar materials, solid state luminescence with AIE characteristics and good thermal stability of the synthesized dyes signify their potential to be used as solid state emitters and ambipolar materials in optoelectronics.
- Chacko, Sajeev,Kanekar, Deepali N.,Kamble, Rajesh M.
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- A soluble ladder-conjugated star-shaped oligomer composed of four perylene diimide branches and a fluorene core: Synthesis and properties
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A new ladder-conjugated star-shaped oligomer electron-transporting material TetraPDI-PF, with four perylene diimide (PDI) branches and a fluorene core, was efficiently synthesized. The oligomer is highly soluble in dichlorobenzene with a solubility of 155 mg mL-1, which is higher than those of PDI (35 mg mL-1) and PDI-Phen (70 mg mL-1). Demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the oligomer exhibits excellent thermal stability with the decomposition temperature (Td) of 291.2 °C, which is 65 °C higher than that of PDI. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to investigate the electrochemical properties. Although the CV curves of TetraPDI-PF are successively scanned for 15 cycles, they still remain invariable reduction potentials. The oligomer also shows outstanding photostability, even better than PDI, which maintains 99 % fluorescence intensity after irradiation for 10 min using maximum laser intensity. In the steady-state space-charge-limited current (SCLC) devices, TetraPDI-PF exhibits higher intrinsic electron mobility of 2.22×10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1, three orders of magnitude over that of PDI (3.52×10-8 cm2 V-1 s-1). The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) using TetraPDI-PF as non-fullerene acceptors and P3HT as donors give optimum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.64 %, which is 64 times that of the PDI:P3HT BHJ cells.
- Zhang, Youdi,Chen, Lingcheng,Zhang, Kaichen,Wang, Helin,Xiao, Yi
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- Novel electroluminescent donor-acceptors based on dibenzo[a,c]phenazine as hole-transporting materials for organic electronics
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A series of novel donor-acceptor type of molecules (2-6) based on dibenzo[a,c]phenazine were synthesized by employing a palladium = catalyzed C-N bond forming amination reaction in a good yield and were then fully characterized, whereby the optical properties of 2-6 were determined by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and the electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry. The absorption spectra of 2-6 showed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions in the range of 447-513 nm in solution. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of 2-6 were in the range from ?5.03 to ?5.29 eV and ?2.75 to ?2.87 eV, respectively, with an electrochemical band gap within 2.26-2.45 eV. The HOMO energy levels of 2-6 are comparable with those of the most commonly used hole-transporting materials, which makes them potential candidates for hole-transporting materials in organic electronics.
- Shaikh, Azam M.,Sharma, Bharat K.,Chacko, Sajeev,Kamble, Rajesh M.
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- A triangular macrocycle altering planar and bulky sections in its molecular backbone
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A triangular macrocyclic molecule has been synthesized which consists of substituted phenanthrene vertices interconnected by 1,3-diethynylbicyclo[1.1.1] pentane sides. The molecule is the very first example of exploiting the bicyclopentane motif in the construction of a shape persistent macrocycle's backbone. It carries new features such as bulkiness, nonconjugated σ-bonding, and a certain conformational flexibility due to its easy longitudinal rotation. We have used some of the features in order to rationalize the observed tendency of the compound to form films on various surfaces.
- Kaleta, Jiri,Mazal, Ctibor
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- Study of modulating opto-electrochemical properties in Suzuki coupled phenazine derivatives for organic electronics
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In this work, five 3,6,11-trisubstituted-dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (2–6) derivatives were synthesized by employing Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura ‘C–C bond’ coupling reaction and characterized. Absorption spectra of 2–6 show the formation of charge-transfer complexes. Dyes exhibit blue-green fluorescence with emission maxima 434–506?nm in various solvents and neat solid film. To elucidate AIE phenomenon, photophysical properties of dye 2 and 3 in different THF/water mixture were studied. The HOMO and LUMO energy level were found in the range of ? 6.38 to ? 6.82?eV and ? 3.67 to ? 3.75?eV with an electrochemical bandgap of 2.71–3.08?eV. The HOMO and LUMO distribution in molecules were further studied by DFT/TD–DFT calculations. Herein, characteristic blue emission, comparable energy levels with n-type materials, and good thermal stability of derivatives make them a potential candidate for their application in optoelectronics. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Kanekar, Deepali N.,Badani, Purav M.,Kamble, Rajesh M.
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- Concentration dependent halogen-bond density in the 2D self-assembly of a thienophenanthrene derivative at the aliphatic acid/graphite interface
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The supramolecular patterns of a thienophenanthrene derivative could be switched among dissimilar polymorphs with different halogen-bond densities by solution concentration, which is demonstrated through a combination of STM and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Zha, Bao,Miao, Xinrui,Liu, Pei,Wu, Yumeng,Deng, Wenli
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- Highly fluorescent blue-green emitting phenanthroimidazole derivatives: Detail experimental and DFT study of structural and donating group effects on fluorescence properties
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A series of highly fluorescent blue-green emitting phenanthrene and 3,6-diphenylphenanthrene based compounds have been synthesized to study the effect of different electron donating groups on photophysical properties. A very unique and different fluorescence properties are observed in the case of N-phenyl carbazole donor based compounds as compared to the other electron donating groups. Observed intramolecular charge transfer and highly polar excited states of these compounds are elucidated by Lipert-Mataga correlations. The positive and negative solvatochromism observed from non-polar to polar solvents is also supported using Kamlet-Taft and Catalan multilinear regression analysis. Comparative study of photophysical properties between benzil, phenanthrene and 3,6-diphenylphenanthrene based hydroxyl imidazole derivatives is presented to study the effect of rigidity and extended conjugation. Observed experimental results are also correlated theoretically using Density Functional theory computations.
- Kothavale, Shantaram,Bhalekar, Sulochana,Sekar, Nagaiyan
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- T and V-shaped donor-acceptor-donor molecules involving pyridoquinoxaline: Large Stokes shift, environment-sensitive tunable emission and temperature-induced fluorochromism
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The intramolecular charge transfer-driven emission properties of T and V-shaped donor-acceptor-donor molecules involving a new acceptor core of pyridoquinoxaline were demonstrated. The T-shaped molecule exhibits a large Stokes shift, red emission in the solid state and remarkable viscosity and temperature-dependent tunable fluorescence including a thermally-induced single-component near white-light emission.
- Sk, Bahadur,Khodia, Saurabh,Patra, Abhijit
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- Geometric Complementarity in Assembly and Guest Recognition of a Bent Heteroleptic cis-[Pd2 L A2 L B2] Coordination Cage
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Due to the inherent difficulties in achieving a defined and exclusive formation of multicomponent assemblies against entropic predisposition, we present the rational assembly of a heteroleptic [Pd2LA2LB2]4+ coordination cage achieved through the geometric complementarity of two carefully designed ligands, LA and LB. With Pd(II) cations as rigid nodes, the pure distinctly angular components readily form homoleptic cages, a [Pd2LA4]4+ strained helical assembly and a [Pd4LB8]8+ box-like structure, both of which were characterized by X-ray analysis. Combined, however, the two ligands could be used to cleanly assemble a cis-[Pd2LA2LB2]4+ cage with a bent architecture. The same self-sorted product was also obtained by a quantitative cage-to-cage transformation upon mixing of the two homoleptic cages revealing the [Pd2LA2LB2]4+ assembly as the thermodynamic minimum. The structure of the heteroleptic cage was examined by ESI-MS, COSY, DOSY, and NOESY methods, the latter of which pointed toward a cis-conformation of ligands in the assembly. Indeed, DFT calculations revealed that the angular ligands and strict Pd(II) geometry strongly favor the cis-[Pd2LA2LB2]4+ species. The robust nature of the cis-[Pd2LA2LB2]4+ cage allowed us to probe the accessibility of its cavity, which could be utilized for shape recognition toward stereoisomeric guests. The ability to directly combine two different backbones in a controlled manner provides a powerful strategy for increasing complexity in the family of [Pd2L4] cages and opens up possibilities of introducing multiple functionalities into a single self-assembled architecture.
- Bloch, Witold M.,Abe, Yoko,Holstein, Julian J.,Wandtke, Claudia M.,Dittrich, Birger,Clever, Guido H.
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- Metal-free phenanthrenequinone cyclotrimer as an effective heterogeneous catalyst
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A phenanthrenequinone macrocyclic trimer was synthesized and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. This model molecule under comparable kinetic conditions is up to 47 times more active than extended solid catalysts including nanocarbons, metal phosphates, and oxides, confirming the hypothesis that diketone -like groups can serve as active sites.
- Zhang, Jian,Wang, Xuan,Su, Qi,Zhi, Linjie,Thomas, Arne,Feng, Xinliang,Dang, Sheng Su,Schloegl, Robert,Muellen, Klaus
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- On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of a Cycloarene: C108 Graphene Ring
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The synthesis of cycloarenes in solution is challenging because of their low solubility and the often hindered cyclodehydrogenation reaction of their nonplanar precursors. Using an alternative on-surface synthesis protocol, we achieved an unprecedented double-stranded hexagonal cycloarene containing 108 sp2 carbon atoms. Its synthesis is based on hierarchical Ullmann coupling and cyclodehydrogenation of a specially designed precursor on a Au(111) surface. The structure and other properties of the cycloarene are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and density functional theory calculations.
- Fan, Qitang,Martin-Jimenez, Daniel,Werner, Simon,Ebeling, Daniel,Koehler, Tabea,Vollgraff, Tobias,Sundermeyer, J?rg,Hieringer, Wolfgang,Schirmeisen, André,Gottfried, J. Michael
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- Synthesis and opto-electrochemical properties of tribenzo[: A, c, i] phenazine derivatives for hole transport materials
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In this work, five novel 3,6-disubstituted-tribenzo[a,c,i]phenazine (2-6) derivatives were synthesized in good yield by employing a palladium catalyzed C-N bond forming amination reaction and fully characterized. Photophysical properties of 2-6 were studied both in solvent and neat solid film by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry. Absorption spectra of 2-6 showed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions in the range of 460-512 nm in solution. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of 2-6 are in the range of -5.18 to -5.35 eV and -3.06 to -3.17 eV respectively with electrochemical bandgap within the range of 2.12-2.29 eV. HOMO energy levels of 2-6 are comparable with most commonly used hole transporting materials such as TPD, α-NPD and spiro-OMe-TADetc. and thus make them potential candidates for the hole transporting material in organic electronics.
- Shaikh, Azam M.,Sharma, Bharat K.,Chacko, Sajeev,Kamble, Rajesh M.
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- Rechargeable Aluminum Organic Batteries
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Disclosed herein are rechargeable aluminum organic batteries and active materials used therein. The cathodic materials used herein comprise a macrocycle comprising a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenequinone unit and a graphite flake.
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Paragraph 0102; 0103
(2021/08/06)
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- A Family of Superhelicenes: Easily Tunable, Chiral Nanographenes by Merging Helicity with Planar π Systems
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We designed a straightforward synthetic route towards a full-fledged family of π-extended helicenes: superhelicenes. They have two hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) in common that are connected via a central five-membered ring. By means of structurally altering this 5-membered ring, we realized a versatile library of molecular building blocks. Not only the superhelicene structure, but also their features are tuned with ease. In-depth physico-chemical characterizations served as a proof of concept thereof. The superhelicene enantiomers were separated, their circular dichroism was measured in preliminary studies and concluded with an enantiomeric assignment. Our work was rounded-off by crystal structure analyses. Mixed stacks of M- and P-isomers led to twisted molecular wires. Using such stacks, charge-carrier mobilities were calculated, giving reason to expect outstanding hole transporting properties.
- Amsharov, Konstantin Y.,B?nisch, Simon,G?rling, Andreas,Guldi, Dirk M.,Haines, Philipp,Hampel, Frank,Jelfs, Kim E.,Jux, Norbert,Nelson, Jenny,Reger, David,Schmidt, Julia A.,Ullrich, Tobias
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supporting information
p. 18073 - 18081
(2021/07/16)
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- Regioisomers of Organic Semiconducting Dumbbell-Shaped Molecules: Synthesis and Structure-Properties Relationship
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Two new dumbbell-shaped molecules based on two solubilizing and structuring triazatruxene (TAT) units linked by a central chromophore were synthesized and studied. The central chromophore was an electro-deficient fluorene-malononitrile (FM) unit, that can be functionalized symmetrically on two different positions, giving rise to two positional isomers, called TAT-pFM and TAT-mFM, when the TATs are connected to the 2,7- and 3,6-positions, respectively. The two isomers exhibited different electronic conjugation pathways that drastically affect their absorption properties and energy levels. Moreover, while TAT-pFM was organized in a stable 3D mesomorphic structure from room-temperature to the melting point, TAT-mFM remained crystalline and decomposed before melting. Finally, despite a lower hole mobility, the TAT-mFM exhibited the highest Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of about 2 % in organic solar cells. This higher PCE was attributed essentially to the pronounced internal charge transfer band contribution to the charge photogeneration observed in TAT-mFM solar cells.
- Bulut, Ibrahim,Fall, Sadiara,Heinrich, Beno?t,Heiser, Thomas,Jing, Jiang,Lévêque, Patrick,Leclerc, Nicolas,Méry, Stéphane,Mahmoudi, Chaima,Majdoub, Mustapha,Steveler, Emilie
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supporting information
p. 3170 - 3177
(2021/06/28)
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- Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Electrofluorescence from a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecule
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Near-IR organic light-emitting diodes (NIR-OLEDs) are potential light-sources for various sensing applications as OLEDs have unique features such as ultra-flexibility and low-cost fabrication. However, the low external electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency (EQE) of NIR-OLEDs is a critical obstacle for potential applications. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient NIR emitter with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and its application to NIR-OLEDs. The NIR-TADF emitter, TPA-PZTCN, has a high photoluminescence quantum yield of over 40 % with a peak wavelength at 729 nm even in a highly doped co-deposited film. The EL peak wavelength of the NIR-OLED is 734 nm with an EQE of 13.4 %, unprecedented among rare-metal-free NIR-OLEDs in this spectral range. TPA-PZTCN can sensitize a deeper NIR fluorophore to achieve a peak wavelength of approximately 900 nm, resulting in an EQE of over 1 % in a TADF-sensitized NIR-OLED with high operational device durability (LT95>600 h.).
- Balijapalli, Umamahesh,Nagata, Ryo,Yamada, Nishiki,Nakanotani, Hajime,Tanaka, Masaki,D'Aléo, Anthony,Placide, Virginie,Mamada, Masashi,Tsuchiya, Youichi,Adachi, Chihaya
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supporting information
p. 8477 - 8482
(2021/03/08)
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- SYNTHESES, CHARACTERIZATIONS, AND APPLICATIONS OF HELI-ACENES
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A method is provided for using twisted acenes, and more particularly to configurationally stable twisted acenes that are imbedded into the structure of [7]helicene at the fulcrum ring to form useable material structures. The helicene propagates its chiral nature into the acene, while acting as a locking mechanism to thermal racemization. These doubly-helical compounds are part of a new homologous series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, namely the [7]helitwistacenes. Such [7]helitwistacenes have utility as materials suitable for forming a circularly polarized organic light emitting diode (CP-OLED) for direct emission of circularly polarized (CP) light for the fabrication of high efficiency electronic displays.
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Paragraph 0042
(2020/12/04)
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- Heteroporous bifluorenylidene-based covalent organic frameworks displaying exceptional dye adsorption behavior and high energy storage
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In this study we performed one-pot polycondensations of BFTB-4CHO with PyTA-4NH2, BFTB-4NH2, and BCTA-4NH2 to prepare the bifluorenylidene-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) BFTB-PyTA, BFTB-BFTB, and BFTB-BCTA, respectively. These three COFs possessed extremely high thermal stabilities, excellent crystallinities, and high specific surface areas. The BFTB-PyTA COF featured pores of a single size, whereas the BFTB-BFTB and BFTB-BCTA COFs had dual porosities. The COFs were exceptional adsorbers of the small dye molecule rhodamine B (RhB) in water; the maximum adsorption capacities reached as high as 2127 mg g-1, outpacing those of all previously reported COFs, conjugated polymers, activated carbons, and other common nanoporous adsorbents. In addition, our COFs reached up to 99.2% of their maximum adsorption capabilities very rapidly (within 5 min). Furthermore, these COFs displayed good performance when used in electrodes for supercapacitors, with high stability after 2000 cycles. The superior adsorption efficiencies, ultrafast kinetics, and excellent reusability endow such COFs with tremendous potential for use as materials for removing RhB-and, presumably, other organic pollutants-from wastewater.
- Chen, Tao,El-Mahdy, Ahmed F. M.,Kuo, Shiao-Wei,Wang, Hao-Xin,Yamauchi, Yusuke,Zakaria, Mohamed Barakat
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supporting information
p. 25148 - 25155
(2020/12/23)
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- N-Rich electron acceptors: triplet harvesting in multichromophoric pyridoquinoxaline and pyridopyrazine-based organic emitters
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Controlling the nonradiative deactivation of triplet states and tuning the singlet-triplet energy gap are the major challenges in developing materials that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Additionally, the conformational flexibility/rigidity around the donor-acceptor bond and the π-spacer unit significantly alters the charge transfer efficiency, subsequently impacting the relative propensity of TADF and RTP. Herein, we propose a new class of multichromophoric tridonor-acceptor (D3-A) compounds with rigid and flexible π-spacers having N-rich pyridoquinoxaline and pyridopyrazine acceptor cores, respectively. The molecule with carbazole donorsmetato the quinoxaline nitrogen of the rigid pyridoquinoxaline core exhibits TADF, whereas the variation of the linkage position of carbazole to the pyridoquinoxaline as well as the twisted and flexible pyridopyrazine core shows predominantly RTP due to a relatively higher singlet-triplet energy gap. Increasing the donor strength with phenoxazine in the pyridopyrazine system leads to TADF and RTP simultaneously. Furthermore, we demonstrate the promising scope of the all-organic triplet harvesting materials in solid-state security encryption.
- James, Anto,Kundu, Subhankar,Patra, Abhijit,Sharma, Samarth,Sk, Bahadur
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supporting information
p. 12943 - 12950
(2020/10/18)
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- COMPOUND, METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING COMPOUND HAVING PYRIDINE RING, AND LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT
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The invention provides a compound, a method for synthesizing a compound having a pyridine ring, and a light-emitting element. The compound has a structure represented by the following formula (1), wherein ring A and ring B are respectively the same or different substituted or unsubstituted pyridine rings; a1 and A2 are the same or different organic groups; r1 and R2 are the same or different substituents; and m and n are respectively 0, 1, 2 or 3.
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Paragraph 0056-0058
(2020/05/30)
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- Photophysical properties and optical power limiting ability of Pt(II) polyynes bearing fluorene-type ligands with ethynyl units at different positions
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Two series of Pt(II) polyynes bearing fluorene-type ligands with ethynyl units at different positions have been synthesized. In the absorption spectra, the Pt(II) polyynes bearing fluorene-type ligands with ethynyl units at 3,6-position have blue-shift with respect to the corresponding analogs bearing fluorene-type ligands with ethynyl units at 2,7-position, showing better transparency in the visible light region. Moreover, the Pt(II) polyynes bearing fluorene-type ligands with ethynyl units at 3,6-position show stronger triplet emission than corresponding analogs bearing fluorene-type ligands with ethynyl units at 2,7-position in the photoluminescent (PL) spectra. Furthermore, these Pt(II) polyynes were applied to optical power limiting (OPL) field. The Pt(II) polyynes bearing fluorene-type ligands with ethynyl units at 2,7-position show better OPL performance than the corresponding analogs with fluorene-type ligands of ethynyl units at 3,6-position. Therefore, changing the position of the ethynyl units in fluorene-type ligands can not only effectively control the photophysical properties of the Pt(II) polyynes, but also has an important effect on their OPL ability.
- Tian, Zhuanzhuan,Yang, Xiaolong,Liu, Boao,Zhong, Daokun,Zhou, Guijiang
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supporting information
p. 28 - 36
(2019/06/05)
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- Tailoring of the self-assembled structures and optical waveguide behaviour of arylaminofluorenone derivatives
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In this work, the fluorenone molecule was symmetrically difunctionalised in the 3,6-positions with four different arylamine moieties. Using slow evaporation, the four fluorenone derivatives (FO1-4) exhibit good ability to arrange into microstructures in the solid state. The electronic and steric effects of arylamine substituents influence both optical features and aggregation processes, as evidenced by photophysical and XRD characterization. SEM investigations have shown that the four FO1-4 derivatives arrange in four different microstructures. More specifically, the self-assembled 1D microribbon – shaped structure of FO1 exhibited an excellent optical loss coefficient (α) as low as 0.006 dBμm?1, suggesting a potential use of these materials in the field of optical waveguide.
- Manni, Francesca,Fabiano, Eduardo,Clarkson,Accorsi, Gianluca,Fieramosca, Antonio,Nobile, Concetta,Saracino, Michela,Zanelli, Alberto,Farran, Angeles,Sanvitto, Daniele,Gigli, Giuseppe,Capodilupo, Agostina-Lina
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- COMPOUND FOR ORGANIC ELECTRONIC ELEMENT, ORGANIC ELECTRONIC ELEMENT USING THE SAME, AND A ELECTRONIC DEVICE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a compound for an organic electronic element containing triphenylene derivatives, and an organic electronic element and an electronic device using the same. By the present invention, the luminance efficiency, color purity, and lifetime of the element can be increased, and the driving voltage can be decreased. [Reference numerals] (401) Substrate;(402) Anode;(404) Hole transporting layer;(405) Light-emitting layer;(406) Electron transporting layer;(408) Cathode
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Paragraph 0064-0068
(2019/02/28)
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- A Trefoil Macrocycle Synthesized by 3-Fold Benzannulation
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A new trefoil-shaped molecular architecture consisting of three conjugated macrocycles was synthesized through an unprecedented 3-fold copper catalyzed [4 + 2] benzannulation. DFT calculations indicate that the most stable conformation of this trefoil macrocycle is D3-symmetric. In agreement with the calculated results, the trefoil macrocycle in single crystals exists as a pair of enantiomers with D3-symmetry and exhibits interesting honeycomb-like supramolecular structures.
- Yang, Xuejin,Yuan, Luyan,Chen, Ziyi,Liu, Zhifeng,Miao, Qian
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supporting information
p. 6952 - 6956
(2018/11/02)
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- White-Fluorescent Dual-Emission Mechanosensitive Membrane Probes that Function by Bending Rather than Twisting
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Bent N,N′-diphenyl-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine amphiphiles are introduced as mechanosensitive membrane probes that operate by an unprecedented mechanism, namely, unbending in the excited state as opposed to the previously reported untwisting in the ground and twisting in the excited state. Their dual emission from bent or “closed” and planarized or “open” excited states is shown to discriminate between micelles in water and monomers in solid-ordered (So), liquid-disordered (Ld) and bulk membranes. The dual-emission spectra cover enough of the visible range to produce vesicles that emit white light with ratiometrically encoded information. Strategies to improve the bent mechanophores with expanded π systems and auxochromes are reported, and compatibility with imaging of membrane domains in giant unilamellar vesicles by two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy is demonstrated.
- Humeniuk, Heorhii V.,Rosspeintner, Arnulf,Licari, Giuseppe,Kilin, Vasyl,Bonacina, Luigi,Vauthey, Eric,Sakai, Naomi,Matile, Stefan
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supporting information
p. 10559 - 10563
(2018/08/17)
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- DICYANOPYRAZINE COMPOUND, LUMINESCENT MATERIAL, LUMINESCENCE DEVICE USING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2,5-DICYANO-3,6-DIHALOGENOPYRAZINE
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A compound represented by formula (I) or formula (1I): in formula (I), R3 represents an electron donating group, R4 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an electron donating group, L3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, L4 represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, L3 and L4 may bond together to form a ring with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, in formula (II), R5 represents an electron donating group, R6 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an electron donating group, L5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, L6 represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.
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Paragraph 0176
(2018/10/19)
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- A stable organic light-emitting diode
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The invention relates to a stable organic light emitting diode (OLED). The stable OLED is characterized by comprising a cathode, an anode and an organic semiconductor layer between the cathode and the anode. The organic semiconductor light-emitting layer takes an organic semiconductor compound as a host material, and the general formula (I) of the organic semiconductor compound is as shown in the specification. The organic semiconductor compound is characterized in that high-efficiency triphenylene with thermal stability is connected with an aromatic fused heterocycle, thus the charge injection balance and thermal stability can be improved, and the OLED with high stability, high efficiency and long service life can be obtained.
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Paragraph 0067; 0068; 0069
(2017/04/07)
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- Bis(benzofurano)[5,6-a;6',5'-c]phenazine derivative and preparation method of same
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The invention discloses a series of bis(benzofurano)[5,6-a;6',5'-c]phenazine derivatives, which are characterized by being produced through a coupling ring-closure one-step reaction, having a structural feather of C2 symmetry, and being represented as the following structure formula, wherein R is n-propyl group, n-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group or n-octyl group. The preparation method of the derivatives includes the steps of: 1) with 9,10-phenanthrenequinone as a raw material, performing bromination to obtain 3,6-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrenequinone; 2) performing a reduction reaction to obtain 3,6,9,10-tetramethoxylphenanthrene; 3) performing a reaction with acetonitrile as a solvent under the effect of ceric ammonium nitrate to produce 3,6-dimethoxyl-9,10-phenanthrenequinone; 4) performing NIS iodination to prepare 2,7-diiodo-3,6-dimethoxyl-9,10-phenanthrenequinone; 5) performing demethylation under the effect of boron tribromide to obtain 2,7-diiodo-3,6-dihydroxy-9,10-phenanthrenequinone; 6) performing a reaction under a carbonyl group protection effect of o-phenylenediamine to prepare 2,7-diiodo-3,6-dihydroxy substituted dibenzophenazine; and 7) performing a Sonogashira coupling reaction with alkyne under the effect of a palladium catalyst to obtain a coupling ring-closure one-step reaction target product. The compounds in the invention develop the range of organic photoelectric materials.
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Page/Page column 0050; 0051
(2017/09/01)
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- Dibenzo-benzimidazole derivative and application thereof
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The invention provides dibenzo-benzimidazole derivatives and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of organic optoelectronic materials. The compounds are a series of dibenzo-benzimidazole derivatives which adopt imidazole as a mother nucleus structure modified with a substituent group. The dibenzo-benzimidazole derivatives are simple in preparation method and easy in raw material obtaining, can be used as main body materials applied to OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) devices, can improve the light emission efficiency of the devices and reduce driving voltage to a certain extent, and are organic electroluminescence materials with excellent properties.
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-
Paragraph 0070-0074
(2017/12/27)
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- Spirofluorene derivatives and OLED (organic light-emitting device)
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The invention provides spirofluorene derivatives and an OLED (organic light-emitting device) adopting the spirofluorene derivatives as host materials. The spirofluorene derivatives are represented as a general formula I. The 3-position and the 6-position of spirofluorene are modified with groups with electron and hole transportation performance respectively for regulating hole and electron transportation performance of molecules, so that the problem that high triplet state energy level, carrier transport matching and high glass transition temperature cannot be realized simultaneously by a traditional phosphorescence host material is solved.
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-
Paragraph 0055; 0059; 0060
(2017/07/19)
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- Bipolar highly solid-state luminescent phenanthroimidazole derivatives as materials for blue and white organic light emitting diodes exploiting either monomer, exciplex or electroplex emission
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Four phenanthroimidazole-based bipolar compounds having electron-donating carbazole or diphenylamino moieties were synthesized and characterized. All compounds form glasses and exhibit high glass transition temperatures ranging from 183 to 239 °C. Solid state blue emission was detected for all synthesized compounds and quantum yields in solid state reached 0.55. Room temperature hole and electron mobilities in the layers of phenanthroimidazole derivatives reached 3.14 × 10?4 and 5.69 × 10?4 cm2/V·s, respectively, at an electric field of 3.6 × 105 V/cm. Quantum chemical calculations on the molecular level were employed to interpret optical, photophysical and photoelectrical properties of the compounds. Due to the efficient blue solid-state emission and ambipolar charge transport the phenanthroimidazole-based derivatives were used for the preparation of non-doped emitting layers of blue OLEDs. The electroplex forming properties of the compounds were observed in a host:guest emitting layer with a commercial hole-transporting material 4,4′-cyclohexylidenebis [N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine]. Two most promising phenanthroimidazole-based compounds were used for the fabrication of white OLEDs which were based on both fluorescence and either electroplex or exciplex emissions. The best almost blue and white OLEDs were characterized by maximal current efficiency of 1.3 and 5.3 cd/A, power efficiency of 0.8 and 1.7 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency of 0.95 and 2.9 %.
- Butkute, Rita,Lygaitis, Ramunas,Mimaite, Viktorija,Gudeika, Dalius,Volyniuk, Dmytro,Sini, Gjergji,Grazulevicius, Juozas Vidas
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p. 425 - 437
(2017/07/26)
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- Synthesis and characterization of phenanthrene derivatives with anticancer property against human colon and epithelial cancer cell lines
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A variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been synthesized and structurally characterized in our laboratory. Phenanthrene derivatives were efficiently prepared in excellent yields and high purity via a two-step sequence. Heck coupling yielded the corresponding diarylethenes, followed by classical oxidative photocyclization to achieve the expected phenanthrenes. First, we envisioned to synthesize a variety of substituted phenanthrenequinones. Second, we investigated the possibility of a dibenz[a,c]phenazine formation by addition of o-phenylenediamine after completion of the oxidation process. Moreover, because phenanthrenequinones are available so simply, it is likely that other uses will be found for these compounds. For example, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone can be sequentially reduced, alkylated, acetylated, and sulfonated. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxic activity in vitro against the human epidermoid carcinoma epithelial cells Hep-2 and human colon carcinoma cells Caco-2 using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. From the structure–activity point of view, position and nature of the electron donating and electron withdrawing functional groups attached to the phenanthrene skeleton may contribute to the anticancer action. Interestingly, the analysis of the IC50 values suggests that most compounds exerted cytotoxic effects with selectivity against both cancer cells. Among them, methyl 8-methyl-9,10-phenanthrenequinone-3-carboxylate 11d showed the highest potency with IC50 values of 2.81 and 0.97 μg/mL.
- Guédouar, Habiba,Aloui, Faouzi,Beltifa, Asma,Ben Mansour, Hedi,Ben Hassine, Béchir
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p. 841 - 849
(2017/06/20)
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- A heat resistance of organic electro-negativity semiconductor
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The invention discloses a heat-resistant organic electronegative semiconductor. Electrophilic groups EW1 and EW2 are connected with aromatic heterocycle-substituted benzophenanthrene compound structural bond to obtain compounds (I). The heat-resistant organic electronegative semiconductor can be used in organic photoelectric electronic devices to enhance the efficiency of the devices, lower the working voltage of the devices and prolong the high-temperature service life.
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Paragraph 0071; 0072; 0073
(2018/11/03)
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- Fused imidazoles as potential chemical scaffolds for inhibition of heat shock protein 70 and induction of apoptosis. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenanthro[9,10-d] imidazoles and imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthrolines
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The imidazole ring is widespread in biologically active compounds, and hence imidazole-containing scaffolds are useful starting points for drug discovery programmes. We report the synthesis of a series of novel imidazole-containing compounds fused with either phenanthrene or phenanthroline, which show enhanced growth inhibitory potency against human colon, breast and melanoma cancer cell lines, as well as evidence of inhibition of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) pathway in cells, as shown by depletion of downstream oncogenic client proteins of the Hsp90 chaperone pathway, and induction of apoptosis.
- Patel, Alpa,Sharp, Swee Y.,Hall, Katelan,Lewis, William,Stevens, Malcolm F.G.,Workman, Paul,Moody, Christopher J.
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p. 3889 - 3905
(2016/05/19)
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- COMPOUND HAVING DIAZATRIPHENYLENE RING STRUCTURE, AND ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE
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A compound that emits fluorescence and delayed fluorescence is provided as a material for an organic electroluminescent device of high efficiency, and an organic photoluminescent device and an organic electroluminescent device of high efficiency and high luminance are provided using this compound. The compound of a general formula (1) having a diazatriphenylene ring structure is used as a constituent material of at least one organic layer in the organic electroluminescent device that includes a pair of electrodes, and one or more organic layers sandwiched between the pair of electrodes.
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- Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of chemically modified bi-fluorenylidenes
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The development of new light harvesting materials is a key issue for the progress of the research on organic & hybrid photovoltaics. Here, we report a new class of organic sensitizers based on the bi-fluorenylidene moiety as π-linker within the donor-π-linker-acceptor (D-π-A) scheme. The new dyes are endowed with electron donor and electron acceptor units at strategic positions in order to improve their electronic and light-harvesting properties. The comprehensive study of these compounds through the use of different experimental and theoretical techniques, provides an in-depth understanding of their electronic and photophysical properties, and reveal their interest as photovoltaic materials.
- Wielopolski, Mateusz,Marszalek, Magdalena,Brunetti, Fulvio G.,Joly, Damien,Calbo, Joaquín,Aragó, Juan,Moser, Jacques-E.,Humphry-Baker, Robin,Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.,Delgado, Juan Luis,Gr?tzel, Michael,Ortí, Enrique,Martín, Nazario
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supporting information
p. 3798 - 3808
(2016/05/24)
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- DIBENZOSUBERANE-BASED ELECTRON-TRANSPORT MATERIALS
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Novel dibenzosuberane-based compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and electronic devices containing such compounds as electron transport materials are described herein. Methods for making the dibenzosuberane-based compounds of the present invention are also described.
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Page/Page column 49
(2015/07/16)
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- Spirobifluorene compounds
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Novel substituted spirobifluorene compounds useful as intermediates for materials in organic electronics devices
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Page/Page column 11-12
(2015/07/15)
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- Optimizing electron transfer mediators based on arylimidazoles by ring fusion: Synthesis, electrochemistry, and computational analysis of 2-aryl-1-methylphenanthro[9,10-d ]imidazoles
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A significant improvement of the properties of redox catalysts based on the triarylimidazole framework can be achieved with a simple structural modification. By linking the ortho-carbons of the aromatics positioned at C-4 and C-5, a fused framework is generated, removing the distortion from planarity and enhancing the influence of the substituents on the redox properties. This modification leads not only to a much broader range of available redox potentials for the resulting phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles but also to improved stability of the corresponding radical cation. These concepts were verified with eight new phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives, using cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. For this purpose, an optimized and general synthetic route to the desired compounds was developed. An excellent linear correlation of the calculated effective ionization potentials with the experimental oxidation potentials was obtained, allowing for an accurate prediction of oxidation potentials of derivatives yet to be synthesized. Moreover, high catalytic activity was found for electro-oxidative C-H activation reactions.
- Francke, Robert,Little, R. Daniel
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supporting information
p. 427 - 435
(2014/01/23)
-
- Synthesis and supramolecular assembly of pentacyclic dithienofluorene and diselenophenofluorene derivatives
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2,7-Diiodo-3,6-dibromofluorene and 2,7-dichloro-3,6-dibromofluorene have been successfully synthesized. The two key intermediates enable us to implement a regioselective Sonogashira reaction followed by intramolecular thiolate/acetylene cyclization, forming two regiospecific pentacyclic dithieno[2,3-b:7,6-b′]fluorene (2,7-DTF) and dithieno[3,2-b:6,7-b′] fluorene (3,6-DTF) isomeric molecules, respectively. By using a similar strategy, selenophene-based diselenopheno[2,3-b:7,6-b′]fluorene (2,7-DSF) as well as diselenopheno[3,2-b:6,7-b′]fluorene (3,6-DSF) were also prepared. The isomeric and sulfur/selenium effects determine the optical, electrochemical, and orbital properties. X-ray crystallography revealed that 2,7-DTF and 3,6-DTF molecules assemble into supramolecular helical structures.
- Lee, Chia-Hao,Lai, Yu-Ying,Cheng, Sheng-Wen,Cheng, Yen-Ju
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supporting information
p. 936 - 939
(2014/03/21)
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- The extension of conjugated system in pyridyl-substituted monoazatriphenylenes for the tuning of photophysical properties
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We propose a method for the synthesis of diaryl-substituted pyridylmonoazatriphenylenes by the heterocyclization reaction of dihalosubstituted phenanthrenequinones with pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amidrazone, followed by aza-Diels-Alder reaction and Suzuki cross coupling. The obtained compounds showed more promising photophysical properties, compared to non-arylated analogs.
- Kopchuk,Khasanov,Kovalev,Zyryanov,Kim,Nikonov,Rusinov,Chupakhin
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p. 871 - 879
(2014/11/08)
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- The extension of conjugated system in pyridyl-substituted monoazatriphenylenes for the tuning of photophysical properties
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We propose a method for the synthesis of diaryl-substituted pyridylmonoazatriphenylenes by the heterocyclization reaction of dihalosubstituted phenanthrenequinones with pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amidrazone, followed by aza-Diels-Alder reaction and Suzuki cross coupling. The obtained compounds showed more promising photophysical properties, compared to non-arylated analogs.
- Kopchuk,Khasanov,Kovalev,Zyryanov,Kim,Nikonov,Rusinov,Chupakhin
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p. 871 - 879
(2015/09/28)
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- Oligo(3,6-phenanthrene ethynylenes): Synthesis, characterization, and photoluminescence
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A series of highly fluorescent, oligo(3,6-phenanthrene ethynylenes) (F1-F7) were synthesized, and their photophysical behavior was systematically investigated. They emitted light with highly emissive quantum yields, up to 0.92. Emissive wavelengths of these compounds relied on the number of phenanthrene blocks existing in the oligomers. Red-shifted emissions were observed as the number of phenanthrenes increased. On the basis of theoretical calculations, helical structures could be formed for F4-F7, indicating that the excimer emissions might be observed for F4-F7 due to the intramolecular π-π stackings of phenanthrenes in the helical structures. However, excimer emissions were only observed for F5-F7 in dilute cyclohexane and for F6 and F7 in dilute methylene chloride, respectively. No excimer emission was observed for F4-F7 in dilute tetrahydrofuran due to the degree of solvation.
- Li, Jichao,Hu, Gongfang,Wang, Ningning,Hu, Tao,Wen, Qiaodong,Lu, Ping,Wang, Yanguang
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p. 3001 - 3008
(2013/06/05)
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- Oxygen insertion of o-quinone under catalytic hydrogenation conditions
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An oxygen-insertion reaction that transforms an o-quinone and a conjugated α-diketone substrate into an anhydride product or derivative under catalytic hydrogenation conditions is reported. The experiments and computations indicate that the oxygen insertion proceeds via a radical mechanism mediated by an acetoxyl radical.
- Zhang, Da-Li,Zhou, Li-Yan,Quan, Jun-Min,Zhang, Wei,Gu, Lian-Quan,Huang, Zhi-Shu,An, Lin-Kun
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supporting information
p. 1162 - 1165
(2013/04/23)
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- Vacuum-processable ladder-type oligophenylenes for organic-inorganic hybrid structures: Synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties upon increasing planarization as well as thin film growth
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A novel synthetic route to even-numbered ladder-type oligo(p-phenylene)s (LOPPs) carrying no solubilizing groups to facilitate vacuum-processing is presented. The influence of increasing bridging adjacent phenylene units on the optical and electrochemical properties is discussed in the series of p-sexiphenyl 6P, terfluorene 3F, and ladder-type sexiphenyl L6P. The influence of the extension of the π-system is taken into consideration as well. Furthermore it is shown that highly ordered thin films of L6P on alumina surfaces can be prepared by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD).
- Kobin, Bjoern,Grubert, Lutz,Blumstengel, Sylke,Henneberger, Fritz,Hecht, Stefan
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experimental part
p. 4383 - 4390
(2012/07/30)
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- Synthesis and photo- and electroluminescence properties of 3,6-disubstituted phenanthrenes: Alternative host material for blue fluorophores
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Three deep-blue fluorescent 9,10-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)phenanthrenes with diphenyl, -naphthyl, and -pyrenyl moieties at C3 and C6 positions were synthesized and used as the host for doped blue fluorescent devices; one of these devices reveals excellent external quantum efficiency of 7.7% and current efficiency of 9.8 cd A-1 with low efficiency roll-off, deep-blue color coordinates (0.14, 0.14) and long operational lifetime.
- Chen, Yu-Han,Chou, Ho-Hsiu,Su, Tsu-Hui,Chou, Pei-Yu,Wu, Fang-Iy,Cheng, Chien-Hong
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8865 - 8867
(2011/09/16)
-
- Design and synthesis of 60° dendritic donor ligands and their coordination-driven self-assembly into supramolecular rhomboidal metallodendrimers
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The design and self-assembly of novel rhomboidal metallodendrimers via coordination-driven self-assembly is described. By employing newly designed 60° ditopic donor linkers substituted with Frechet-type dendrons and appropriate 120° rigid di-Pt(II) acceptor subunits, a variety of [G-1] - [G-3] rhomboidal metallodendrimers with well-defined shape and size were prepared under mild conditions in high yields. The supramolecular metallodendrimers were characterized with multinuclear NMR (1H and 31P), mass spectrometry (CSI-TOF-MS), and elemental analysis. Isotopically resolved mass spectrometry data support the existence of the metallodendrimers with rhomboidal cavities, and NMR data were consistent with the formation of all ensembles. The shape and size of all rhomboidal metallodendrimers were investigated with the PM6 semiempirical molecular orbital method.
- Han, Qing,Li, Quan-Jie,He, Jiuming,Hu, Bingjie,Tan, Hongwei,Abliz, Zeper,Wang, Cui-Hong,Yu, Yihua,Yang, Hai-Bo
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scheme or table
p. 9660 - 9669
(2012/01/04)
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- Synthesis and photophysics of dibenz[a,c]phenazine derivatives
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The synthesis of dipolar dibenz[a,c]phenazine (DBP) derivatives is described. The compounds possess little electronic communication between donor and acceptor units in the ground state regardless of the pattern of substitution. The dipolar derivatives deactivate mostly via electron transfer (eT) under polar conditions. Intersystem crossing is likely to compete for S1 relaxation.
- Estrada, Leandro A.,Neckers, Douglas C.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3304 - 3307
(2011/09/15)
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