- Crystal and molecular structure of 4-aminobenzohydrazide
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The molecule of 4-aminobenzohydrazide is essentially planar and geometric parameters conform to literature precedents. Supramolecular N- H???O and N-H???N interactions combine to link molecules of 4-aminobenzohydrazide into a three-dimensional network. Weaker N-H???N and N-H???π interactions consolidate the structure. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1/n with a = 5.411(2) A, b = 14.000(6) A, c = 9.894(4) A, β = 103.917(7)°, and Z = 4.
- Haider, Ali,Akhter, Zareen,Siddiqi, Humaira Masood,Tiekink, Edward R. T.
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Read Online
- Antibacterial and anticancer profiling of new benzocaine derivatives: Design, synthesis, and molecular mechanism of action
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The need for new chemotherapeutics to overcome development of resistance merits research to discover new agents. Benzocaine derivatives are essential compounds in medicinal chemistry due to their various biological activities including antibacterial and a
- Arafa, Reem K.,El-Zahabi, Heba S. A.,Hassan, Heba,Mousa, Safya M.,Nossier, Eman S.,Shalaby, AL Shimaa G.
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- Design, Synthesis, and Study of the Insecticidal Activity of Novel Steroidal 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles
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A series of novel steroidal derivatives with a substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole structure was designed and synthesized, and the target compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against five aphid species. Most of the tested compounds exhibited potent insecticidal activity against Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), Myzus persicae, and Aphis citricola. Compounds 20g and 24g displayed the highest activity against E. lanigerum, showing LC50 values of 27.6 and 30.4 μg/mL, respectively. Ultrastructural changes in the midgut cells of E. lanigerum were detected by transmission electron microscopy, indicating that these steroidal oxazole derivatives might exert their insecticidal activity by destroying the mitochondria and nuclear membranes in insect midgut cells. Furthermore, a field trial showed that compound 20g exhibited effects similar to those of the positive controls chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam against E. lanigerum, reaching a control rate of 89.5% at a dose of 200 μg/mL after 21 days. We also investigated the hydrolysis and metabolism of the target compounds in E. lanigerum by assaying the activities of three insecticide-detoxifying enzymes. Compound 20g at 50 μg/mL exhibited inhibitory action on carboxylesterase similar to the known inhibitor triphenyl phosphate. The above results demonstrate the potential of these steroidal oxazole derivatives to be developed as novel pesticides.
- Bai, Hangyu,Jiang, Weiqi,Li, Qi,Li, Tian,Ma, Shichuang,Shi, Baojun,Wu, Wenjun
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p. 11572 - 11581
(2021/10/12)
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- Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation against MRSA and molecular docking studies of novel pleuromutilin derivatives bearing 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole linker
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A class of pleuromutilin derivatives containing 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole were designed and synthesized as potential antibacterial agents against Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ultrasound-assisted reaction was proposed as a green chemistry method to synthesize 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (intermediates 85–110). Among these pleuromutilin derivatives, compound 133 was found to be the strongest antibacterial derivative against MRSA (MIC = 0.125 μg/mL). Furthermore, the result of the time-kill curves displayed that compound 133 could inhibit the growth of MRSA in vitro quickly (- 4.36 log10 CFU/mL reduction). Then, compound 133 (- 1.82 log10 CFU/mL) displayed superior in vivo antibacterial efficacy than tiamulin (- 0.82 log10 CFU/mL) in reducing MRSA load in mice thigh model. Besides, compound 133 exhibited low cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 133 was successfully localized in the binding pocket of 50S ribosomal subunit (ΔGb = -10.50 kcal/mol). The results indicated that these pleuromutilin derivatives containing 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole might be further developed into novel antibiotics against MRSA.
- Liu, Jie,Zhang, Guang-Yu,Zhang, Zhe,Li, Bo,Chai, Fei,Wang, Qi,Zhou, Zi-Dan,Xu, Ling-Ling,Wang, Shou-Kai,Jin, Zhen,Tang, You-Zhi
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- Synthesis, characterization and computational study of N-acylhydrazone derivatives
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The N-Acylhydrazone of benzoic acid and their derivatives are important intermediates in organic synthesis and have widespread applications in the medicinal industry. The N-Acylhydrazone was prepared through the condensing the phenyl hydrazide derivatives which prepared from phenylmethyl ester, with benzaldehyde and then identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis; FT-IR and 1HNMR. Computation calculations studies by using Semi-empirical-PM3 method through a molecular structure with optimized geometry showed that there is a high correlation between dipole moment, Electron affinity (EA), ionization potential (IP), electronegativity, ClogP and hardness. To Proof, the stability of N-Acylhydrazone derivatives by using Molecular orbital calculations supported a full description of the orbitals and the contributions of individual atoms. Highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies and structures are demonstrated, calculation atomic charge and molecular electrostatic potential. Through the data obtained from the computational chemistry program, Hyper Chem 8, we were able to demonstrate that the N-acylhydrazone derivatives have a close values and within the limits of stability.
- Alrubaie, Leaqaa A. Raheem
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p. 5067 - 5075
(2021/08/31)
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- Pleuromutilin derivative with 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole side chain and preparation and application thereof
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The invention belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry, and particularly relates to a pleuromutilin derivative with a 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole side chain and preparation and application thereof The pleuromutilin derivative with the 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole side chain is a compound shown in a formula 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a solvent compound, an enantiomer, a diastereoisomer and a tautomer of the compound shown in the formula 2 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a mixture of the solvent compound, the enantiomer, the diastereoisomer and the tautomer in any proportion, including a racemic mixture. The pleuromutilin derivative has good antibacterial activity, is especially suitable for being used as a novel antibacterial agent for systemic system infection of animals or human beings, and has good water solubility.
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Paragraph 0055-0056; 0070; 0090; 0093; 0095; 0103
(2021/07/24)
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- Aqueous Zn2+ analysis: Specific recognition and instant imaging by Schiff base fluorescent probes
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Two Schiff base fluorescence probes for aqueous Zn2+ were synthesized by introducing salicylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazine as the recognition group and C=N as the characteristic fluorescence chromophore. Spectroscopic analyses, mainly FS, illuminated the probes’ highly specific recognition towards Zn2+ over other metal ions, accompanied by steady optical properties at a wide pH range of 6.0 to 9.0. Moreover, cytotoxicity and fluorescence imaging in living ECV304 cells identified the probes’ instant response and membrane permeability. These results predicted the probes’ future applications for instant Zn2+ detection in a clinical diagnosis and dynamic analysis of Zn2+ in biological systems.
- He, Hao,Cheng, Zhao,Zheng, Lei
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- Hydrazones in anion transporters: The detrimental effect of a second binding site
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Synthetic anion transporters can be developed using anion receptors that are able to bind the anion and stabilize it in the lipophilic interior of a bilayer membrane, and they usually contain functional groups with acidic NHs, such as ureas, thioureas and squaramides. To assess the suitability of acylhydrazones as a new functional group for the preparation of anion transporters, we have studied a family of thioureas functionalized with these and related functional groups.1H NMR titrations and DFT calculations indicate that the thioureas bearing acylhydrazone groups behave as chloride receptors with two separate binding sites, of which the acylhydrazone binds weaker than the thiourea. Chloride transport studies show that the additional binding site has a detrimental effect on thiourea-based transporters, and this phenomenon is also observed for bis(thio)ureas with two separate binding sites. We propose that the presence of a second anion binding unit hinders the transport activity of the thiourea due to additional interactions with the phospholipids of the membrane. In agreement with this hypothesis, extensive molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the molecules will tend to be positioned in the water/lipid interface, driven by the interaction of the NHs of the thiourea and of the acylhydrazone groups with the POPC polar head groups and water molecules. Moreover, the interaction energies show that the poorest transporters have indeed the strongest interactions with the membrane phospholipids, inhibiting chloride transport. This detrimental effect of additional functional groups on transport activity should be considered when designing new ion transporters, unless these groups cooperatively promote anion recognition and transmembrane transport.
- Félix, Vítor,Halgreen, Lau,Marques, Igor,Martínez-Crespo, Luis,Soares, Márcio,Valkenier, Hennie
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supporting information
p. 8324 - 8337
(2021/10/12)
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- Selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild conditions by the optimization of active sites in a well defined Co?NC catalyst
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The catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds containing multiple functional groups into amino compounds with high conversion rates, selectivity, and stability under mild conditions is a great challenge. Herein, a well defined catalyst (Co?NC) is prepared through the pyrolysis of the Co-centered metal-organic framework (MOF) at the optimized temperature. The as-synthesized catalyst exhibits a high conversion rate and selectivity for the hydrogenation of 12 aromatic nitro compounds with different competing groups into desired amino compounds with hydrazine hydrate under mild conditions (80 °C, 30 min, and 1 atm). The catalyst also shows excellent stability and can be reused over 20 times without considerably losing its activity. It is found that the Co-Nx site is the main active site for catalytic hydrogenation, and the Mott-Schottky effect between the surface Co NPs and N-doped carbon can further promote the hydrogenation reaction. EXAFS, TEM, XPS, and Raman analyses confirm that cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) are properly encapsulated by the N-doped carbon matrix at the optimized temperature, and the Co species maintain a high spin state after the catalysis, which may be responsible for the high performance of Co?NC. This work demonstrates not only a highly efficient catalyst for hydrogenation under mild conditions, but also provides insight into the active sites in Co-based catalysts for hydrogenation.
- Chen, Shuo,Jiang, Hong,Jiang, Shun-Feng,Ling, Li-Li
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supporting information
p. 5730 - 5741
(2020/09/21)
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- Efficient Synthesis of 1,4-Bis(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenes
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Abstract: An efficient acid-catalyzed condensation between substituted benzohydrazides and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid to form 1,4-bis(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenes is reported. The products were isolated in 74–87% yield and were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, and mass spectra.
- Dhotre, B. K.,Khandebharad, A. U.,Pathan, A.,Raut, S. V.
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p. 1324 - 1326
(2020/10/02)
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- Fluorescent material applied to zinc ion content detection and preparation method thereof
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The invention discloses a fluorescent material applied to zinc ion content detection, and further discloses a preparation method of the fluorescent material applied to zinc ion content detection. Thefluorescent material is prepared by taking methyl 4-aminobenzoate, hydrazine hydrate, substituted benzaldehyde and the like as raw materials. Zinc ion fluorescent probe molecule design is carried outon the basis of a long conjugated chain structure of an FRET resonance energy transfer mechanism and an electron transfer mechanism, a fluorescent probe material capable of specifically recognizing zinc ions is obtained, and accurate and effective detection of the content of the zinc ions in a water system is achieved. According to the method, complex sample pretreatment work does not need to be carried out on the zinc-ion-containing water sample, the detection speed is high and the anti-interference capability is high.
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Paragraph 0049; 0051; 0054; 0056; 0059; 0061; 0064; 0066
(2020/08/02)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new challenging thalidomide analogs as potential anticancer immunomodulatory agents
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Thalidomide and its analogs are immunomodulatory drugs that inhibit the production of certain inflammatory mediators associated with cancer. In the present work, a new series of thalidomide analogs was designed and synthesized to obtain new effective antitumor immunomodulatory agents. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of four cancer cell lines (HepG-2, HCT-116, PC3 and MCF-7). Compounds 33h, 33i, 42f and 42h showed strong potencies against all tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 14.63 to 49.90 μM comparable to that of thalidomide (IC50 values ranging from 32.12 to 76.91 μM). The most active compounds were further evaluated for their in vitro immunomodulatory activities via estimation of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), human caspase-8 (CASP8), human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nuclear factor kappa-B P65 (NF-κB P65) in HCT-116 cells. Thalidomide was used as a positive control. Compounds 33h and 42f showed a significant reduction in TNF-α. Furthermore, compounds 33i and 42f exhibited significant elevation in CASP8 levels. Compounds 33i and 42f inhibited VEGF. In addition, compound 42f showed significant decrease in levels of NF-κB p65. Moreover, apoptosis and cell cycle tests of the most active compound 42f, were performed. The results indicated that compound 42f significantly induce apoptosis in HCT-116 cells and arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
- El-Zahabi, Mohamed Ayman,Sakr, Helmy,El-Adl, Khaled.,Zayed, Mohamed,Abdelraheem, Adel S.,Eissa, Sally I.,Elkady, Hazem,Eissa, Ibrahim H.
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- Dual-functional chemical sensor for sensitive detection and bioimaging of Zn2+ and Pb2+ based on a water-soluble polymer
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Free lead and zinc ions are toxic to living cells and environment, we develop a multi-responsive fluorescence probe based on water-soluble double hydrophilic block copolymer. The polymer sensor with Schiff moiety can sensitively, selectively and simultaneously fluorescence probe Zn2+ (green) and Pb2+ (blue) through the different fluorescence color. The linear concentration ranges for Pd2+ and Zn2+ were 0.8–10.0 μM and 0–10.0 μM with the detection limits of 0.7 μM and 0.2 μM, respectively. The probe responding to Na+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ displays almost no significant interference with the assay process. The sensing mechanism of the PSAM probe to Pb2+ and Zn2+ was investigated by Job's plot experiment, 1H NMR analysis and density functional theory (DFT), the results show that the nitrogen atom of CH[dbnd]N and oxygen atom of OH may recognize with ions and the Job's plots for the PSAM complexes demonstrate 1:1 complexation, respectively. To achieve its application, the chemosensor is successfully applied to monitor Pd2+and Zn2+ in tap and lake water samples, its ability to monitor free Pd2+ and Zn2+ ions in living cells or in vivo is also validated by the intracellular imaging.
- Guang, Shanyi,Lin, Naibo,Wei, Gang,Xu, Hongyao,Zhao, Gang
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- Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of First-in-Class Multitarget N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives as Selective HDAC6/8 and PI3Kα Inhibitors
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Targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) is a very promising approach for cancer treatment. This manuscript describes the design, synthesis, in vitro pharmacological profile, and molecular modeling of a novel class of N-acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives that act as HDAC6/8 and PI3Kα dual inhibitors. The surprising selectivity for PI3Kα may be related to differences in the conformation in the active site. Cellular studies showed that these compounds act in HDAC6 inhibition and the PI3/K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The compounds that are selective for inhibition of HDAC6/8 and inhibit PI3Kα show potential for the treatment of cancer.
- Alves, Marina A.,Chaves, Lorrane S.,Fernandes, Patrícia D.,Fraga, Carlos A. M.,Guerra, Fabiana S.,Rodrigues, Daniel A.,Sagrillo, Fernanda S.,Sant'Anna, Carlos M. R.,Thota, Sreekanth,de Sena M. Pinheiro, Pedro
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supporting information
(2020/02/25)
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- Utilization of ultrasonic as an approach of green chemistry for synthesis of hydrazones and bishydrazones as potential antimicrobial agents
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Hydrazides 3,4, Hydrazones 6a-c, bishydrazones 8a,b, N-hydroxy-N'- arylpropanehydrazonamide 9a,b and 1-(piperidin-1-yl)-N2-arylamidrazones 10a,b were prepared under ultrasonic waves as an approach for green chemistry. a notable good yield and short reaction time were afforded under ultrasonic waves.The structures of compounds were confirmed in terms of spectroscopic and elemental analyses. The invitro antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds were evaluated. most of compounds exhibited an excellent growth inhibition such as compounds 2, 3 and 8b against gram positive bacteria, while 2, 3, 8b, 9a, 10a and 10b against gram negative bacteria. all of tested compounds have excellent or good antifungal activity except 3.
- Younis, Ahmed,Awad, Ghada E. A.
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p. 599 - 610
(2020/05/28)
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- Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of New Imides and Schiff Bases Derived from Ethyl-4-Amino Benzoate
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A series of disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, including: imides and Schiff bases, was achieved from the starting material, ethyl-4-aminobenzoate, which was converted to the corresponding 4-aminobenzohydrazide (1), by its reaction with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol. Two oxadiazole parent nuclei had been synthesized from (1), the first nucleus 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine(2), and the second is 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione (3). Compound (2) obtained from stirring methanolic solution of (1) with cyanogen bromide(CNBr) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) at RT. While compound (3) was synthesized by refluxing of (1) with CS2 in the presence of (KOH), the produced potassium salt of hydrazide underwent cyclization by acidification with 10% HCl. Meanwhile, the cyclic imides derivatives (4-6) and (10-12) were synthesized by thermal fusion of (2) or (3) with acid anhydrides, while Schiffs bases derivatives (7-9) and (13-15) were synthesized by a conventional method involved refluxing of (2) or (3) with different aromatic aldehydes, in acidic medium (using glacial acetic acid). The new derivatives had been tested against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus pumilus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and two fungal species: (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans). Among the synthesized derivatives, compound (15) displayed a moderate to potent antibacterial activity, against different (Gram - positive and Gram-negative) bacteria, and also showed a slight to moderate antifungal activity.
- Ahmed, Wurood S.,Al-Bayati, Redha I.,Razzak Mahmood, Ammar A.
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p. 2477 - 2486
(2020/12/21)
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- Synthesis of novel indole derivatives containing double 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety as efficient bactericides against phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae
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Abstract: A series of novel indole derivatives containing double 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities in vitro. These compounds were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Bioassay results indicated that most of title compounds exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against rice bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo). For example, compounds 7d, 7h, 7i, 7j, 7k, 7l and 7m had the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 52.31, 54.12, 40.65, 38.80, 51.13, 52.75 and 50.66?μg/mL, respectively, which was better than that of commercial product bismerthiazol (BMT) (85.18?μg/mL). The experimental results proved that indole derivatives bearing double 1,3,4-oxadiazole unit are promising candidates for the development of new agricultural bactericides against pathogenic bacterium Xoo. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Tian, Kun,Li, Xiao-Qin,Zhang, Li,Gan, Yi-Yuan,Meng, Jiao,Wu, Shou-Qun,Wan, Jin-Lin,Xu, Yang,Cai, Chao-Ting,Ouyang, Gui-Ping,Wang, Zhen-Chao
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel disulfides incorporating 1,3,4-thiadiazole scaffold as promising antitumor agents
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In the present study, fourteen 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives containing disulfide group were prepared. The resulting compounds 7a–7n were identified by IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Their antiproliferative properties in vitro were studied employing standard CCK-8 assay against SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and A549 lines. Bioassay indicated that some compounds showed stronger antitumor effects than reference drugs PX-12 and 5-fluorouracil. Among these screened compounds, compound 7h showed excellent biological activities in inhibiting SMMC-7721 cell proliferation with IC50 at 1.93 ± 0.08 μM. Compounds 7k and 7i manifested highly effective growth inhibitory activity versus MCF-7 cells, with IC50 at 3.04 ± 0.09 and 3.54 ± 0.17 μM, respectively. For A549 cells, compound 7m was found to have the highest antitumor potency with IC50 at 3.67 ± 0.13 μM.
- Li, Sha,Wang, Hai-Xin,Liu, Hai-Ying,Jing, Fen,Fu, Xiao-Yun,Li, Cai-Wen,Shi, Yan-Ping,Chen, Bao-Quan
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p. 1502 - 1508
(2019/07/30)
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- A novel dual-channel Schiff base fluorescent chemo-sensor for Zn2+ and Ca2+ recognition: Synthesis, mechanism and application
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A novel multifunctional chemo-sensor (RHCS-NH2), incorporating Schiff base, rhodamine B hydrazide, hydrazine hydrate group into triazine, was successfully designed and synthesized. It was found that the RHCS-NH2 sensor displays immediate multi-response toward Ca2+ in CH3CN-H2O (v/v = 9/1, Tris-HCl pH 7.0) and Zn2+ in DMF-H2O (95/5, v/v). Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of identifing Ca2+ ions are from 0.01 to 10.0 μM in CH3CN-H2O (v/v = 9/1, Tris-HCl pH 7.0), 0.03–10.0 μM for Zn2+ ions in DMF-H2O (95/5, v/v), and the detection limit were measured to be 0.10 nM for Ca2+ and 0.14 nM for Zn2+, respectively. The reaction mechanism between RHCS-NH2 and metal ions was investigated in detail based on fluorescence titration, Job's plots and 1H NMR titration curve, ESI-MS measurement and theoretical calculation respectively. Simultaneously, 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assays and inverted fluorescence microscopy imaging also demonstrated that the probe has well cell membrane permeability and hypotoxicity, indicating its potential applicability in vitro.
- Zhao, Gang,Guo, Binyuan,Wei, Gang,Guang, Shanyi,Gu, Zhengye,Xu, Hongyao
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- SAR Studies on Aromatic Acylhydrazone-Based Inhibitors of Fungal Sphingolipid Synthesis as Next-Generation Antifungal Agents
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Recently, the fungal sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthesis has emerged as a highly promising new target for drug discovery of next-generation antifungal agents, and we found two aromatic acylhydrazones as effective inhibitors of GlcCer synthesis based on HTP screening. In the present work, we have designed libraries of new aromatic acylhydrazones, evaluated their antifungal activities (MIC80 and time-kill profile) against C. neoformans, and performed an extensive SAR study, which led to the identification of five promising lead compounds, exhibiting excellent fungicidal activities with very large selectivity index. Moreover, two compounds demonstrated broad spectrum antifungal activity against six other clinically relevant fungal strains. These five lead compounds were examined for their synergism/cooperativity with five clinical drugs against seven fungal strains, and very encouraging results were obtained; e.g., the combination of all five lead compounds with voriconazole exhibited either synergistic or additive effect to all seven fungal strains.
- Del Poeta, Maurizio,Haranahalli, Krupanandan,Lazzarini, Cristina,Mallamo, John,McCarthy, J. Brian,Ojima, Iwao,Pathiranage, Senuri,Sun, Yi,Zambito, Julia
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- Structural design, synthesis and substituent effect of hydrazone-N-acylhydrazones reveal potent immunomodulatory agents
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4-(Nitrophenyl)hydrazone derivatives of N-acylhydrazone were synthesized and screened for suppress lymphocyte proliferation and nitrite inhibition in macrophages. Compared to an unsubstituted N-acylhydrazone, active compounds were identified within initial series when hydroxyl, chloride and nitro substituents were employed. Structure-activity relationship was further developed by varying the position of these substituents as well as attaching structurally-related substituents. Changing substituent position revealed a more promising compound series of anti-inflammatory agents. In contrast, an N-methyl group appended to the 4-(nitrophenyl)hydrazone moiety reduced activity. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds is achieved by modulating IL-1β secretion and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in macrophages and by inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity in lymphocytes. Compound SintMed65 was advanced into an acute model of peritonitis in mice, where it inhibited the neutrophil infiltration after being orally administered. In summary, we demonstrated in great details the structural requirements and the underlying mechanism for anti-inflammatory activity of a new family of hydrazone-N-acylhydrazone, which may represent a valuable medicinal chemistry direction for the anti-inflammatory drug development in general.
- Meira, Cássio S.,dos Santos Filho, José Maurício,Sousa, Caroline C.,Anjos, Pamela S.,Cerqueira, Jéssica V.,Dias Neto, Humberto A.,da Silveira, Rafael G.,Russo, Helena M.,Wolfender, Jean-Luc,Queiroz, Emerson F.,Moreira, Diogo R.M.,Soares, Milena B.P.
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p. 1971 - 1985
(2018/03/12)
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- N-(5-Methyl-1,3-Thiazol-2-yl)-2-{[5-((Un)Substituted- Phenyl)1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl]Sulfanyl}acetamides. Unique Biheterocycles as Promising Therapeutic Agents
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An electrophile, 2-bromo-N-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, was synthesized by the reaction of 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine and bromoacetyl bromide in an aqueous medium. In a parallel scheme, a series of (un)substituted benzoic acids was converted sequentially into respective esters, acid hydrazides, and then into 1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocyclic cores. The electrophile was coupled with the aforementioned 1,3,4-oxadiazoles to obtain the targeted bi-heterocyles. Structural analysis of the synthesized compounds was performed by IR, EI-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The enzyme inhibition study of these molecules was carried out against four enzymes, namely, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, and urease. The interactions of these compounds with respective enzymes were recognized by their in silico study. Moreover, their cytotoxicity was also determined to find out their utility as possible therapeutic agents.
- Abbasi,Ramzan,Aziz-ur-Rehman,Siddiqui,Shah,Hassan,Seo,Ashraf,Mirza,Ismail
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p. 801 - 811
(2019/02/27)
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- Synthesis of four liquid crystals and study of alkyl chain effect on the nematic range for application in GC
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Four liquid crystals (LCs) compounds which contain the 1,3,4-oxadiazole group were synthesized and characterized with spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H- and 13C NMR), their thermal properties were analyzed by the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and the polarizing microscope (POM). A comparative study of the mesomorphic properties of these LCs and three other compounds which have already been used as a stationary phase in gas chromatography (GC) was carried out. These compounds have the same main nucleus. LCs V1, LC1, LC2 and LC3 gave a nematic (N) phase to the heating, LCs V2 and V3 recorded smectic A (SmA) and N phases. However, the range (N) has disappeared in V4.
- Tafer,Benalia,Djedid,Bouchareb,Al-dujaili
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- Calcium ion and zinc ion double-channel rhodamine fluorescent probe as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to a calcium ion and zinc ion double-channel rhodamine fluorescent probe as well as a preparation method and application thereof. A structural formula of the calcium ion and zincion double-channel rhodamine fluorescent probe is as follows: the formula is shown in the description; the preparation method comprises the following steps: taking rhodamine B and hydrazine hydrate to react, so as to obtain rhodamine B hydrazide; carrying out reaction on p-aminobenzoate and the hydrazine hydrate; dissolving an obtained product into a solvent and dropwise adding salicylic aldehyde; reacting to obtain salicylic aldehyde-4-aminobenzoyl hydrazide hydrazone; dissolving cyanuric trichloride into the solvent and adding an acid binding agent; dropwise adding a THF (Tetrahydrofuran) solution of the rhodamine B hydrazide into an ice water bath under the protection of nitrogen gas; stirring to obtain RSH; dissolving the RSH and adding the acid binding agent; under the protection ofnitrogen gas, dropwise adding the salicylic aldehyde-4-aminobenzoyl hydrazide hydrazone and reacting to obtain RSHT; dissolving the RSHT and adding the acid binding agent; dropwise adding the hydrazine hydrate under the protection of N2 and reacting to obtain the probe. The fluorescent probe compound provided by the invention has very good selectivity on zinc ions and calcium ions, is convenientlyapplied to environmental applications and has a relatively good utilization effect.
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Paragraph 0048; 0053
(2018/07/30)
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- aluminum ion and zinc ion dual-channel fluorescein fluorescence probe and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to an aluminium ion and zinc ion dual-channel fluorescein fluorescence probe and a preparation method and an application thereof. A structural formula of the fluorescence probe is shown as the specification, and the preparation method comprises the followings steps: fluorescein is dissolved in a solvent, and is reacted with hydrazine hydrate to obtain fluorescein hydrazide; methyl p-aminobenzoate is dissolved in a solvent, and is reacted with hydrazine hydrate, the product is dissolved in the solvent, excessive salicylaldehyde is added drop by drop, and the materials arereacted to obtain salicylaldehyde-4-aminobenzoylhydrazone; cyanuric chloride is dissolved in an anhydrous solvent, an acid binding agent is added, under ice water-bath and nitrogen protection, a THF solution of fluorescein hydrazide is added drop by drop, and the materials are reacted to obtain a condensation product FHC; the FHC is dissolved in the anhydrous solvent, the acid binding agent is added, under nitrogen protection, the salicylaldehyde-4-aminobenzoylhydrazone is added drop by drop, and the reaction is carried out. The fluorescence probe compound has good selectivity on aluminium ions and zinc ions, and is convenient and in environment application and has good usage effect.
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Paragraph 0043; 0048
(2018/09/21)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of new imides and schiff bases derived from Ethyl-4-Amino Benzoate
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A series of disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, including: imides and Schiff bases, was achieved from the starting material, ethyl-4-aminobenzoate, which was converted to the corresponding 4-aminobenzohydrazide (1), by its reaction with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol. Two oxadiazole parent nuclei had been synthesized from (1), the first nucleus 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine(2) ,and the second is 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione (3). Compound (2) Obtained from stirring methanolic solution of (1) with cyanogen bromide(CNBr) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) at RT. While compound (3) was synthesized by refluxing of (1) with CS2 in the presence of (KOH), the produced potassium salt of hydrazide underwent cyclization by acidification with 10% HCl. Meanwhile, the cyclic imides derivatives (4-6) and (10-12) were synthesized by thermal fusion of (2) or (3) with acid anhydrides, While Schiffs bases derivatives (7-9) and (13-15) were synthesized by a conventional method involved refluxing of (2) or (3) with different aromatic aldehydes, in acidic medium (using glacial acetic acid). The new derivatives had been tested against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus pumilus), and two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), and two fungal species: (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans). Among the synthesized derivatives, compound (15) displayed a moderate to potent antibacterial activity, against different (Gram positive and Gram negative) bacteria, and also showed a slight to moderate antifungal activity.
- Ahmed, Wurood S.,Razzak Mahmood Kubba, Ammar A.,Al-Bayati, Redha I.
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p. 2477 - 2486
(2018/11/06)
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- Synthesis of novel 5-(aroylhydrazinocarbonyl)escitalopram as cholinesterase inhibitors
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A novel series of 5-(aroylhydrazinocarbonyl)escitalopram (58–84) have been designed, synthesized and tested for their inhibitory potential against cholinesterases. 3-Chlorobenzoyl- (71) was found to be the most potent compound of this series having IC50 1.80 ± 0.11 μM for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. For the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition, 2-bromobenzoyl- (76) was the most active compound of the series with IC50 2.11 ± 0.31 μM. Structure-activity relationship illustrated that mild electron donating groups enhanced enzyme inhibition while electron withdrawing groups reduced the inhibition except o-NO2. However, size and position of the substituents affected enzyme inhibitions.. In docking study of AChE, the ligands 71, 72 and 76 showed the scores of 5874, 5756 and 5666 and ACE of ?64.92,-203.25 and ?140.29 kcal/mol, respectively. In case of BChE, ligands 71, 76 and 81 depicted high scores 6016, 6150 and 5994 with ACE values ?170.91, ?256.84 and ?235.97 kcal/mol, respectively.
- Nisa, Mehr-un,Munawar, Munawar A.,Iqbal, Amber,Ahmed, Asrar,Ashraf, Muhammad,Gardener, Qurra-tul-Ann A.,Khan, Misbahul A.
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supporting information
p. 396 - 406
(2017/07/10)
-
- Design and optimization of N-acylhydrazone pyrimidine derivatives as E. coli PDHc E1 inhibitors: Structure-activity relationship analysis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study
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By targeting the thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) binding site of Escherichia coli (E. coli) pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex E1 (PDHc E1), a series of novel ‘open-chain’ classes of ThDP analogs A, B, and C with N-acylhydrazone moieties was designed and synthesized to explore their activities against E. coli PHDc E1 in vitro and their inhibitory activity against microbial diseases were further evaluated in vivo. As a result, A1–23 exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory activities against E. coli PDHc E1 (IC50 = 0.15–23.55 μM). The potent inhibitors A13, A14, A15, C2, had strong inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.60, 0.15, 0.39 and 0.34 μM against E. coli PDHc E1 and with good enzyme-selective inhibition between microorganisms and mammals. Especially, the most powerful inhibitor A14 could 99.37% control Xanthimonas oryzae pv. Oryzae. Furthermore, the binding features of compound A14 within E. coli PDHc E1 were investigated to provide useful insights for the further construction of new inhibitor by molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, and enzymatic assays. The results indicated that A14 had most powerful inhibition against E. coli PDHc E1 due to the establishment of stronger interaction with Glu571, Met194, Glu522, Leu264 and Phe602 at active site of E.coli PDHc E1. It could be used as a lead compound for further optimization, and may have potential as a new microbicide.
- He, Haifeng,Xia, Hongying,Xia, Qin,Ren, Yanliang,He, Hongwu
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p. 5652 - 5661
(2017/10/09)
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- Inhibitory growth evaluation and apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cancer cells by new 5-aryl-2-butylthio-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives
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Background: Cancer has become one of the global health issues and it is the life-threatening disease characterized by unrestrained growth of cells. Despite various advances being adopted by chemotherapeutic management, the use of the current anticancer drugs such as Doxorubicin, Asparginase, Methotrexate, Vincristine remains limited due to high toxicity, side effects and developing drug resistance. Apoptosis is a crucial cellular process and improper regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways may lead to cancer formation. Subsequently, the synthesis of effective chemotherapeutic agents that can induce apoptosis in tumor cell has emerged as a significant approach in cancer drug discovery. Methods: The goal of this work is to develop a potential antitumor agent exerting significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell and low cytotoxicity, for which we focused on the structural features of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as it a privileged scaffold in modern medicinal chemistry and have the ability to inhibit growth factors, enzymes and kinases potentially involved in the attainment of cellular immortality and carcinogenesis. Result: In vitro MTT screening assay showed the compound 5-aminophenyl-2-butylthio-1,3,4-oxadiazole (5e) showing the highest inhibitory effect against MCF-7 cancer cell with IC50 value 10.05?±?1.08?μM while it is much safer and less toxic on normal cell line (HEK-293). The dose-dependent treatment of MCF-7 cells with 5e resulted in inhibition of cell migration in the wound healing assay. The flow-cytometry analysis showed the cells arrested in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Compound 5e induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was characterized using DAPI staining and Annexin V-PE/7-AAD dual binding assay. Reduction of NBT by compound 5e showed a reduced generation of ROS. Western blotting studies showed high activation of apoptotic protein Caspase3 and decrease in expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. Conclusion: Based on the results of in vitro studies, it could be concluded that compound 5e showed a significant inhibitory growth effect on MCF-7 cells and have the potential to be developed as lead molecule and further structural modifications may result in promising new anticancer agents.
- Khanam, Rashmin,Ahmad, Kamal,Hejazi, Iram I.,Siddique, Ibrar A.,Kumar, Vikash,Bhat, Abdul Roouf,Azam, Amir,Athar, Fareeda
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p. 1027 - 1042
(2017/10/06)
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- THE EXOCYST AS A NOVEL DRUG TARGET OF ENDOSIDIN2 AND APPLICATION AS A THERAPEUTIC
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A method of altering exocytosis in a plant or animal cell is provided. The method includes exposing the cell to a compound that binds to an EXO70 protein isoform. Also provided is a method of treating diabetes or cancer in a subject in need thereof, which includes administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound that binds to an EXO70 protein isoform. In addition, a method of screening for a substance that alters exocytosis in a plant or animal cell is provided, and analogs of compound Endosidin2 are also provided.
- -
-
Paragraph 0093
(2017/05/02)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione as antimycobacterial agents
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Resistance among dormant mycobacteria leading to multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis is one of the major threats. Hence, a series of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione derivatives (4a–5c) have been synthesized and screened for their antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (H37Ra). The triazolethiones 4b and 4v showed high antitubercular activity (both MIC and IC50) against the dormant H37Ra by in vitro and ex vivo. They were shown to have more specificity toward mycobacteria than other Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The cytotoxicity was almost insignificant up to 100?μg/ml against THP-1, A549, and PANC-1 human cancer cell lines, and solubility was high in aqueous solution, indicating the potential of developing these compounds further as novel therapeutics against tuberculosis infection.
- Sonawane, Amol D.,Rode, Navnath D.,Nawale, Laxman,Joshi, Rohini R.,Joshi, Ramesh A.,Likhite, Anjali P.,Sarkar, Dhiman
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p. 200 - 209
(2017/07/13)
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- Functional reactive dye for zinc ion probe, and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to a functional reactive dye for a zinc ion probe, and a preparation method and application thereof. The dye has a structural formula as described in the specification. The preparation method comprises the following steps: subjecting rhodamine B and hydrazine hydrate to a heating reflux reaction so as to obtain rhodamine B hydrazide; subjecting methyl p-aminobenzoate and hydrazine hydrate to a heating reflux reaction, dissolving a product in a solvent, adding salicylaldehyde drop by drop and then carrying out a heating reflux reaction so as to obtain salicylaldehyde-4-aminobenzoyl hydrazone; and dissolving cyanuric chloride in a solvent, adding an acid binding agent, adding rhodamine B hydrazide drop by drop at a temperature in a range of -5 to 5 DEG C, carrying out a reaction under stirring so as to obtain a concentration product, dissolving the concentration product in a solvent, adding the acid binding agent, adding salicylaldehyde-4-aminobenzoyl hydrazone drop by drop and carrying out a reflux reaction with temperature controlled so as to obtain the functional reactive dye. The functional reactive dye has good selectivity on zinc ions, is convenient to use in sewage treatment and exerts good usage effect.
- -
-
Paragraph 0043; 0044
(2017/02/09)
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- A complex functional activity of zinc ion dye and its preparation method and application
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The invention relates to a functional active dye complexing with zinc ions and a preparation method and an application thereof. The structural formula of the functional active dye is shown in the specification. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving methyl p-aminobenzoate in anhydrous ethanol, dropping hydrazine hydrate, carrying out a reflux reaction and rotatably steaming to obtain p-aminobenzoyl hydrazide; then, dissolving the p-aminobenzoyl hydrazide in anhydrous ethanol, adding salicylaldehyde, heating reflux, cooling, recrystallizing and filtering to obtain salicylaldehyde-4-aminobenzoyl hydrazide; and (2) dissolving the product in acetone, heating the solution in an ice-water bath to 0-5 DEG C, then, dissolving cyanuric chloride by acetone, adding into the solution and then adding a NaHCO3 solution and stirring to react; and filtering and washing the product to obtain the functional active dye. The functional active dye provided by the invention is of good selectivity to zinc ions, is convenient and has a good using effect in sewage treatment application.
- -
-
Paragraph 0038; 0039
(2017/02/24)
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- Barbiturate bearing aroylhydrazine derivatives: Synthesis, NMR investigations, single crystal X-ray studies and biological activity
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A series of barbituric acid aroylhydrazine derivatives have been prepared from their corresponding 1,3-dimethyl-5-acetyl barbituric acid and aroylhydrazines. All compounds have been fully characterized by using FT-IR, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C) and Mass (MS) spectrometry. We also describe the X-ray crystal structure of 3a, which crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/n space group. The crystal structure is stabilized with infinite linear chains of dimeric units. Furthermore, all compounds were investigated for their tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidative and antimicrobial activies. The results from biological activity assays have shown that all of compounds have excellent antioxidant, significant tyrosinase inhibition and moderate antimicrobial activity.
- Giziroglu, Emrah,Sarikurkcu, Cengiz,Aygün, Muhittin,Basbulbul, Gamze,Soyleyici, H. Can,Firinci, Erkan,Kirkan, Bulent,Alkis, Ayse,Saylica, Tayfur,Biyik, Halil
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p. 325 - 333
(2016/02/05)
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- Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Screening of Some Novel 5-Substituted Aryl/Aralkyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-Yl 4-(Morpholin-4-Ylsulfonyl)Benzyl Sulfides As Potential Antibacterial Agents
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A series of new 5-substituted aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl 4-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)benzyl sulfides 6a-k were synthesized by converting multifarious aryl/aralkyl organic acids 1a-k successively into corresponding esters 2a-k, hydrazides 3a-k, and 5-substituted aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols 4a-k. Finally, the target compounds, 6a-k were prepared by stirring 5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols with 4-(4-(bromomethyl)phenylsulfonyl) morpholine (5) in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and sodium hydride (NaH). The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the antibacterial activity of all the synthesized compounds was investigated in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by using ciprofloxacin as reference standard drug and the results showed that some of the tested compounds possessed good antibacterial activity.
- Aziz-Ur-Rehman,Gul, Samreen,Abbasi, Muhammad Athar,Nafeesa, Khadija,Akhtar, Muhammad Nadeem,Ahmad, Irshad,Afzal, Saira
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p. 1045 - 1055
(2015/08/04)
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- Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and molecular docking studies of curcumin analogues bearing pyrazole ring
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Several curcumin analogues bearing pyrazole were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectral data. There were four tested compounds among 11 synthesized compounds, which were evaluated for antiproliferative activity and showed significant activity in both one-dose and five-dose assays. The antiproliferative effects were tested on a panel of 60 cell lines, according to the National Cancer Institute screening protocol. The most active compounds among the series were 3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylstyryl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (3k) which showed mean percent growth inhibition of 116.09 in one-dose assay at 10 μM, and GI50 values were ranging between 0.0912 and 2.36 μM in five-dose assay. The best results were recorded on the leukaemia cell lines with value ranging from 0.0912 to 0.365 μM. All the tested compounds showed broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity over different cancer cell lines. When compared with the standard drug paclitaxel, the compound 3k showed superior activity on nearly 42 cell lines. The molecular docking study was performed to explore the binding interaction of these curcumin analogues with the active site of EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK). The hydroxyl group of both phenyl rings was important for the rein-geminated hydrogen bonding by either side chain or backbone with the active site of EGFR-TK. Graphical Abstract: Four curcumin analogues were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity and showed promising results. The molecular docking studies showed that all the compounds (3a-k) were well accommodated in the EGFR tyrosine kinase.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Ahsan, Mohamed Jawed,Choudhary, Kavita,Jadav, Surender Singh,Yasmin, Sabina,Ansari, Md. Yousuf,Sreenivasulu, Reddymasu
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p. 4166 - 4180
(2015/11/02)
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- Synthesis of novel triazoles and a tetrazole of escitalopram as cholinesterase inhibitors
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A novel serie of escitalopram triazoles (60-88) and a tetrazole (89) have been synthesized and subjected to a study to establish the inhibitory potential of these compounds toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Some selectivity in inhibition has been observed. The 4-chlorophenyl- (75, IC50, 6.71 ± 0.25 μM) and 2-methylphenyl- (70, IC50, 9.52 ± 0.23 μM) escitalopram triazole derivatives depicted high AChE inhibition, while 2-fluorophenyl- (76, IC50 = 4.52 ± 0.17 μM) and 4-fluorophenyl- (78, IC50 = 5.31 ± 0.43 μM) have found to be excellent BChE inhibitors. It has also been observed that ortho, meta and para substituted electron donating groups increase the inhibition, while electron withdrawing groups reduce the inhibition. Docking analyses of inhibitors with AChE have depicted the binding energies for 70 and 75 as ΔGbind -6.42 and -6.93 kcal/mol, respectively, while ligands 76 and 78 have shown the binding affinity ΔGbind -9.04 and -8.51 kcal/mol, respectively, for BChE.
- Mehr-Un-Nisa,Munawar, Munawar A.,Chattha, Fauzia A.,Kousar, Samina,Munir, Jawaria,Ismail, Tayaba,Ashraf, Muhammad,Khan, Misbahul A.
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p. 6014 - 6024
(2015/11/11)
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- Study of some alkanes thermodynamic parameters using new liquid crystals containing sulfur as stationary phases
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Most of the synthesized compounds which have liquid crystalline character in their composition comprise aromatic molecules. Furthermore there are few jobs that replace this type of molecules by inhomogeneous molecules that have LC character. We will replace the aromatic rings by units of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and study the effects of these new components of the transition temperatures and the Thermodynamic characteristics of n-alkanes in these two LC's phases. have been investigated by inverse gas chromatography. The transition temperatures obtained by GC are in good agreement with those found by DSC. The results are interpreted in terms of parameters "b" and related thermodynamic quantities.
- Djedid, Mebrouk,Benalia, Mokhtar,Ferkous, Fouad,Boudaoud, Asma,Al-Dujaili, Ammar Hani
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p. 719 - 731
(2015/10/28)
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- Ultrasound-assisted, one-pot, three-component synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel indole derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole moieties
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Thirteen novel indole derivatives were efficiently synthesized through ultrasound irradiation by using 4-amino-5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiol (8) and 2-mercapto-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (5a-m). Compared with conventional and microwave methods, yields increased to 82-93%, and reaction times decreased to 15-35 min. The structures of these novel compounds were characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis. Two out of the synthesized compounds (10f and 10l) exhibited excellent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and thus warrant further research.
- Shi, Zhichuan,Zhao, Zhigang,Huang, Meiwei,Fu, Xiaolin
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p. 1320 - 1327
(2015/12/11)
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- Tuning the thermotropic properties of liquid crystalline p-substituted aroylhydrazones
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The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of forty substituted aroylhydrazones with peripheral mono-, di- and tri- alkoxy chains derived from a p-amino aroylhydrazone core are described. The compounds with two side chains exhibited a smectic A phase, while the compounds with six soft alkoxy side chains at symmetrical positions formed a rectangular columnar mesophase. The structures of these mesophases were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Raman studies with the help of density functional theory on some of the mesogenic members have been performed to understand the changes in the intermolecular interactions during phase transitions. A structure-property relationship has been deduced, and mesogenic properties are found to be dependent on the chain length, density and position of the alkoxy chains around the molecular core.
- Singh, Hemant Kumar,Singh, Sachin Kumar,Nandi, Rajib,Singh, Madan Kumar,Kumar, Vijay,Singh, Ranjan K.,Rao, D. S. Shankar,Prasad, S. Krishna,Singh, Bachcha
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p. 44274 - 44281
(2015/06/02)
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- Design and Synthesis of N-Arylphthalimides as Inhibitors of Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor-Related Protein, Proinflammatory Mediators, and Cytokines in Carrageenan-Induced Lung Inflammation
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N-Arylphthalimides (1-10P) derived from thalidomide by insertion of hydrophobic groups were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity, and (4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-N′-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide 6P was identified as a promising anti-inflammatory agent. Further testing confirmed that compared with the control, 6P treatment resulted in a considerable decrease in CD4+, NF-κB p65+, TNF-α+, IL-6+, GITR+, and IL-17+ cell populations and an increase in the Foxp3+, CD4+Foxp3+, and IκBα+ populations in whole blood and pleural fluid of a mouse model of lung inflammation. Moreover, treatment with compound 6P decreased the proteins associated with inflammation including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, GITR, NF-κB, COX-2, STAT-3, and iNOS and increased the anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 and IL-4. Further, histopathological examination confirmed the potent anti-inflammatory effects of compound 6P. Thus, the N-arylphthalimide derivative 6P acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in the carrageenan-induced lung inflammation model, suggesting that this compound may be useful for the treatment of inflammation in a clinical setting.
- Bhat, Mashooq A.,Al-Omar, Mohamed A.,Ansari, Mushtaq A.,Zoheir, Khairy M. A.,Imam, Faisal,Attia, Sabry M.,Bakheet, Saleh A.,Nadeem, Ahmed,Korashy, Hesham M.,Voronkov, Andrey,Berishvili, Vladimir,Ahmad, Sheikh F.
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p. 8850 - 8867
(2015/12/09)
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- Studies on chemistry, spectroscopy and antioxidant activities of chromium(III)-hydrazide complexes
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Acid hydrazides are vital chemical entities due to their biological activities. Upon complexation with certain metal ions, their biological activities are known to be positively enhanced. The present work describes the synthesis of Cr(III)-hydrazide complexes, and their structural, spectroscopic and antioxidant properties to reveal their chemistry and biochemistry. Physical (magnetic moment, conductivity measurements), analytical (C, H, N and Cr analysis) and spectral (EI-Mass, FTIR) techniques are used for the characterization of synthesized compounds. All Cr(III)-hydrazide complexes exhibit octahedral geometry with general formula [Cr(L)2(H2O)2]Cl3. In these complexes, the hydrazide ligands are coordinated via carbonyl oxygen and terminal amino nitrogen in a bidentate fashion. All Cr(III)-hydrazide complexes were screened for in vitro diphenyldipicryl hydrazine (DPPH), superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities. Majority of the Cr(III)-hydrazide complexes were found to be more potent scavengers than their uncoordinated hydrazide ligands. This study demonstrates an interesting structure-activity relationship (SAR) which is presented here.
- Shamshad, Bushra,Jamal, Rifat A.,Ashiqa, Uzma,Mahrooof-Tahirb, Mohammad,Shaikha, Zara,Sultana, Sadaf,Khanc, Khalid M.
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p. 798 - 806
(2015/12/01)
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- Synthesis and mesomorphic behavior of two new homologous series containing azobenzene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole units
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Two new nonsymmetrical mesogenic homologous series of terminal substituent ether (series [Vn]) and carboxy (series [VIn]) incorporating azobenzene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole group were synthesized. Both series have been All compounds thus isolated were purified and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, 1H NMR, along with thermal analysis and texture observation using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarizing Optical Microscopy (POM), respectively. All compounds of the first series exhibited liquid crystalline properties. The homologues [V1]-[V3] display a nematic mesophase, the compounds [V4]-[V7] exhibit a dimorphism behavior, nematic (N) and smectic A (SmA) mesophases, the compounds [V8] and [VI9] display enantiotropic smectic A and C (SmA and SmC) phases and the last homologue [V12] exhibits only a smectic C mesophase. All compounds of the second series [VIn] also show mesomorphic behavior, the compounds [VI1]-[VI3] and [VI5] display the nematic mesophase, the homologue [VI7] exhibits dimorphism behavior, nematic, and smectic A (SmA). The mesomorphic behavior has been analyzed in terms of structural property relationships.
- Karam, Nisreen H.,Atto, Amir T.,Al-Dujaili, Ammar H.
-
-
- Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether derivatives targeting thymidylate synthase as dual anticancer/antimicrobial agents
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A series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether derivatives (compounds 9-44) were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) and as anticancer agents. The in vitro anticancer activities of these compounds were evaluated against three cancer cell lines by the MTT method. Among all the designed compounds, compound 18 bearing a nitro substituent exhibited more potent in vitro anticancer activities with IC50 values of 0.7 ± 0.2, 30.0 ± 1.2, 18.3 ± 1.4 μM, respectively, which was superior to the positive control. In the further study, it was identified as the most potent inhibitor against two kinds of TS protein (for human TS and Escherichia coli TS, IC50 values: 0.62 and 0.47 μM, respectively) in the TS inhibition assay in vitro and the most potent antibacterial agents with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentrations) of 1.56-3.13 μg/mL against the tested four bacterial strains. Molecular docking and 3D-QSAR study supported that compound 18 can be selected as dual antitumor/antibacterial candidate in the future study.
- Du, Qian-Ru,Li, Dong-Dong,Pi, Ya-Zhou,Li, Jing-Ran,Sun, Jian,Fang, Fei,Zhong, Wei-Qing,Gong, Hai-Bin,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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p. 2286 - 2297
(2013/05/09)
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- N′-[4-[(Substituted imino)methyl]benzylidene]-substituted benzohydrazides: Synthesis, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer evaluation, and QSAR studies
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A variety of N′-[4-[(substituted imino)methyl]benzylidene]- substituted benzohydrazides have been synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial and anticancer potential. Results from testing of antimicrobial activity indicated the most potent antimicrobial agents had pMIC am = 1.51. The synthesized compounds were bacteriostatic and fungistatic in action. Results from evaluation of antiviral activity indicated that none of the synthesized hydrazide derivatives inhibited viral replication at sub-toxic concentrations. Results from anti-HIV screening against HIV-2 strain ROD indicated that one compound was more potent (IC 50 ≥ 1 μg/cm3) than the standard drug nevirapine (IC 50 ≥ 4 μg/cm3) and another was equipotent (IC 50 ≥ 4 μg/cm3). The most effective anticancer agent against both HCT116 and MCF7 cancer cell lines had IC 50 = 19 and 18 μg/cm 3, respectively. QSAR analysis indicated the importance of Wiener index (W) and energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in describing the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds.
- Kumar, Pradeep,Narasimhan, Balasubramanian,Ramasamy, Kalavathy,Mani, Vasudevan,Mishra, Rakesh Kumar,Majeed, Abu Bakar Abdul,De Clercq, Erik
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p. 825 - 849
(2013/07/11)
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- Synthesis and invitro Evaluation of West Nile Virus Protease Inhibitors Based on the 2-{6-[2-(5-Phenyl-4H-{1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)acetylamino]benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl}acetamide Scaffold
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In recent years, clinical symptoms resulting from West Nile virus (WNV) infection have worsened in severity, with an increased frequency in neuroinvasive diseases among the elderly. As there are presently no successful therapies against WNV for use in humans, continual efforts to develop new chemotherapeutics against this virus are highly desired. The viral NS2B-NS3 protease is a promising target for viral inhibition due to its importance in viral replication and its unique substrate preference. In this study, a WNV NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor with a 2-{6-[2-(5-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)acetylamino]benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl}acetamide scaffold was identified during screening. Optimization of this initial hit by synthesis and screening of a focused compound library with this scaffold led to the identification of a novel uncompetitive inhibitor (1a24, IC50=3.4±0.2μM) of the WNV NS2B-NS3 protease. Molecular docking of 1a24 into the WNV protease showed that the compound interferes with productive interactions of the NS2B cofactor with the NS3 protease and is an allosteric inhibitor of the WNV NS3 protease.
- Samanta, Sanjay,Lim, Ting Liang,Lam, Yulin
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p. 994 - 1001
(2013/07/27)
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- Conformational, structural, vibrational and quantum chemical analysis on 4-aminobenzohydrazide and 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide-A comparative study
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Experimental and theoretical quantum chemical studies were carried out on 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide (4HBH) and 4-aminobenzohydrazide (4ABH) using FTIR and FT-Raman spectral data. The structural characteristics and vibrational spectroscopic analysis were carried performed by quantum chemical methods with the hybrid exchange-correlation functional B3LYP using 6-31G, 6-311++G and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets. The most stable conformer of the title compounds have been determined from the analysis of potential energy surface. The stable molecular geometries, electronic and thermodynamic parameters, IR intensities, harmonic vibrational frequencies, depolarisation ratio and Raman intensities have been computed. Molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals were constructed to understand the electronic properties. The potential energy distributions (PEDs) were calculated to explain the mixing of fundamental modes. The theoretical geometrical parameters and the fundamental frequencies were compared with the experimental. The interactions of hydroxy and amino group substitutions on the characteristic vibrations of the ring and hydrazide group have been analysed.
- Arjunan,Jayaprakash,Carthigayan,Periandy,Mohan
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p. 100 - 114
(2013/05/09)
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- Photochemical modification of polyethylene surface with aryl azides
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It has been shown that the formation of a covalently grafted modifying layer takes place during the photolysis of polycrystalline layers of 2-azidoanthraquinone and 4-azidobenzoyl azide on the surface of polyethylene. Its thickness is determined by the amount of the azide applied, and phenyl isocyanate groups formed by the photolysis of 4-azidobenzoyl azide are prone to further functionalization of the modified surface with primary amines.
- Budruev,Sinjagina
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p. 237 - 241
(2013/10/21)
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- Synthesis, characterization and anticancer evaluation of novel tri-arm star shaped 1,3,5-triazine hydrazones
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A series of novel trisubstituted triazine hydrazones [N3C 3(OC6H4-p-CHNNHC(O)C6H 4-p-X)3] (X = H, Br, Cl, F, OH, OCH3, CH 3, NO2, NH2) were prepared by a three-fold condensation reaction of 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine with p-substituted benzoic acid hydrazides [NH2NHC(O)C6H 4-p-X] with excellent yields. The structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H, 13C, 2D-HSQC NMR and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). These derivatives bearing hydrolysable hydrazone linkages were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against the human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and human cervix carcinoma cell line (HeLa).
- MacHakanur, Shrinath S.,Patil, Basavaraj R.,Badiger, Dayananda S.,Bakale, Raghavendra P.,Gudasi, Kalagouda B.,Annie Bligh
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p. 121 - 127
(2012/05/04)
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- Synthesis and antibacterial, antifungal activities of some 2r,4c-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one-4-aminobenzoyl hydrazones
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A series of biologically active seven 2r, 4c-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1] nonan-9-one-4-aminobenzoyl hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized in good yield. The structures of compounds have been established on the basis of IR, 1H, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) have been studied by screening of antimicrobial activity over a representative panel of bacterial and fungal strains using two-fold serial dilution method. All these synthesized compounds exhibited significant activities against all bacterial and fungal strains. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.
- Xaiver, J. John Francis,Krishnasamy,Sankar
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scheme or table
p. 345 - 350
(2012/08/28)
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- Novel benzofuroxan derivatives against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: Design using Topliss' decision tree, synthesis and biological assay
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The aim of this study was the design of a set of benzofuroxan derivatives as antimicrobial agents exploring the physicochemical properties of the related substituents. Topliss' decision tree approach was applied to select the substituent groups. Hierarchical cluster analysis was also performed to emphasize natural clusters and patterns. The compounds were obtained using two synthetic approaches for reducing the synthetic steps as well as improving the yield. The minimal inhibitory concentration method was employed to evaluate the activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The most active compound was 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)[N′-(benzofuroxan-5-yl) methylene]benzhydrazide (MIC range 12.7-11.4 μg/mL), pointing out that the antimicrobial activity was indeed influenced by the hydrophobic and electron-withdrawing property of the substituent groups 3-CF3 and 4-NO2, respectively.
- Jorge, Salomao Doria,Palace-Berl, Fanny,Masunari, Andrea,Cechinel, Cleber Andre,Ishii, Marina,Pasqualoto, Kerly Fernanda Mesquita,Tavares, Leoberto Costa
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p. 5031 - 5038
(2011/10/05)
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