- Facile synthesis of 3-(ω-acetoxyalkyl)thiophenes and derived copolythiophenes using Rieke zinc
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An optimized synthetic protocol toward highly reactive Rieke zinc is applied for the preparation of a series of ω-(2,5-dibromothiophene-3-yl) alkyl acetate monomers and statistical copolythiophenes derived thereof, with 10% of ester-functionalized side chains. The obtained conjugated polymers are attractive electron donor materials for organic solar cells, notably to increase the thermodynamic stability of the bulk heterojunction polymer:fullerene active layer blend, and are fully characterized by a combination of spectroscopic, thermal analysis and electrochemical techniques.
- Kudret, Suleyman,Kesters, Jurgen,Janssen, Sander,Van Den Brande, Niko,Defour, Maxime,Van Mele, Bruno,Manca, Jean,Lutsen, Laurence,Vanderzande, Dirk,Maes, Wouter
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- REDOX MOLECULES AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
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A non-leaching mediator may include a compound or a mixture of compounds that is not substantially released into a biological sample, but that may be oxidized or reduced, and may transfer one or more electrons from the sample to an electrode of a biosensor. Compounds having the general formulas (I), (II) and/or (III), and/or mixtures or derivatives of these compounds, may be useful as mediators having little or no ability to leach into a sample.
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Page/Page column 11-12
(2010/12/29)
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- Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O as a Powerful Catalyst for a Practical Acylation of Alcohols with Acid Anhydrides
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A new protocol for the acylation of alcohols with anhydrides in the presence of Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O as the catalyst is reported. The activity of Zn(ClO4)2· 6H2O has been proven to be superior to that exerted by dry Mg(ClO4)2 and by metal triflates. Its efficiency allows reactions between poorly reactive substrates, such as sterically hindered tertiary alcohols and aromatic anhydrides, All of the reactions were carried out at a 1:1.05 alcohol/anhydride ratio. These conditions are extremely convenient from a practical and economic point of view, since they avoid wasting reagents and allow a simple workup procedure. The catalytic action of Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O is so specific for the activation of the anhydrides, that acid-sensitive functionalities and the stereochemical configuration of the starting materials remain unaltered in the esterification process. In all cases, the acylated products are quantitatively obtained in pure form. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003.
- Bartoli, Giuseppe,Bosco, Marcella,Dalpozzo, Renato,Marcantoni, Enrico,Massaccesi, Massimo,Sambri, Letizia
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p. 4611 - 4617
(2007/10/03)
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- Mg(ClO4)2 as a powerful catalyst for the acylation of alcohols under solvent-free conditions
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A trace amount of magnesium perchlorate (from 0.1 mol% to 1 mol%) is able to promote quantitative acylation, with anhydrides, of a large variety of functionalized alcohols in short times, at room temperature and under solvent-free conditions.
- Bartoli, Giuseppe,Bosco, Marcella,Dalpozzo, Renato,Marcantoni, Enrico,Massaccesi, Massimo,Rinaldi, Samuele,Sambri, Letizia
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