- Preparation method of maleimide
-
The invention provides a preparation method of maleimide, which comprises the following steps: S1, reacting maleic anhydride with p-methoxybenzylamine to generate 3-(4-methoxybenzylamino) acrylic acid; step S2, enabling the 3-(4-methoxybenzyl carbamoyl) acrylic acid to react with acetic anhydride, so as to generate 1-(4-methoxybenzyl) maleimide; and S3, removing the 1-(4-methoxybenzyl) group from the 1-(4-methoxybenzyl) maleimide under the action of an oxidizing agent, so as to generate the maleimide. The preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of short experimental route, high raw material safety, strong experimental operability and suitability for industrial production.
- -
-
Paragraph 0061; 0066-0069; 0070; 0075-0078
(2022/03/27)
-
- METHOD OF PRODUCING MALEIMIDE
-
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing an aliphatic maleimide using substantially no solvent capable of avoiding various problems caused by solvent vapor, and securing good environmental compatibility where the A-MI obtained by the method is useful as a laminate material, an encapsulating material, an electrically insulating material, a conductive paste, an adhesive, a tackiness agent, a structural material and the like. SOLUTION: The method of producing an aliphatic maleimide comprises reacting an aliphatic amine with more than 1.2 equivalent of maleic anhydride and/or maleic acid to 1 equivalent of the aliphatic amine using no solvent substantially. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2020,JPOandINPIT
- -
-
Paragraph 0019
(2020/09/24)
-
- Chemical-Switching Strategy for Synthesis and Controlled Release of Norcantharimides from a Biomass-Derived Chemical
-
Catalytic strategies were developed to synthesize and release chemicals for applications in fine chemicals, such as drugs and polymers, from a biomass-derived chemical, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). The combination of the diene and aldehyde functionalities in HMF enabled catalytic production of acetalized HMF derivatives with diol or epoxy reactants to allow reversible synthesis of norcantharimide derivatives upon Diels-Alder reaction with maleimides. Reverse-conversion of the acetal group to an aldehyde yielded mismatches of the molecular orbitals in norcantharimides to trigger retro Diels-Alder reaction at ambient temperatures and released reactants from the coupled molecules under acidic conditions. These strategies provide for the facile synthesis and controlled release of high-value chemicals.
- Chang, Hochan,Huber, George W.,Dumesic, James A.
-
p. 5213 - 5219
(2020/08/27)
-
- Cp?Co(III)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation with Maleimides Using Weakly Coordinating Carbonyl Directing Groups
-
A novel protocol for ortho-C-H alkylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones and esters under Cp?Co(III) catalysis has been developed for the first time. The reaction proceeds through initial cyclometalation via weak chelation-assisted C-H bond activation, followed by coordination of activated alkene, insertion between Co-C, and protodemetalation.
- Mandal, Rajib,Emayavaramban, Balakumar,Sundararaju, Basker
-
supporting information
p. 2835 - 2838
(2018/05/29)
-
- Synthesis method of maleimide
-
The invention relates to the technical field of maleimide synthesis, in particular to a synthesis method of maleimide. According to the method, maleic anhydride serves as an initial raw material, andN-carbamoylmaleimide is obtained through an aminolysis reaction of urea and a dehydration reaction of acetic anhydride; in the presence of triethylamine, N-carbamoylmaleimide is heated and decomposedinto maleimide. The whole process is simple in operation, the product quality is high, and industrial production is easy.
- -
-
Paragraph 0016; 0022; 0023;
(2018/06/21)
-
- Catalyst and Additive-Free Diastereoselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Quinolinium Imides with Olefins, Maleimides, and Benzynes: Direct Access to Fused N,N′-Heterocycles with Promising Activity against a Drug-Resistant Malaria Parasite
-
A convenient and eco-friendly synthesis of various fused N-heterocyclic compounds through catalyst and additive-free 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions of quinolinium imides with olefins, maleimides, and benzynes in excellent yields and diastereoselectivities is reported. The thermally controlled diastereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between quinolinium imides and olefins provided cis-isomers at low temperature and trans-isomers at high temperature. A reaction between quinolinium imides with substituted maleimides gave four-ring-fused N-heterocyclic compounds in high yields as a single diastereomer. The aryne precursors also provided four-ring-fused N,N′-heterocyclic compounds in high yields. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of selected molecules revealed that this class of molecules possesses potential for ongoing studies against malaria.
- Kumar, Rakesh,Chaudhary, Sandeep,Kumar, Rohit,Upadhyay, Pooja,Sahal, Dinkar,Sharma, Upendra
-
p. 11552 - 11570
(2018/09/25)
-
- Grinding imidation of anhydrides on smectite clays as recyclable and heterogeneous catalysts under solvent-free conditions
-
Imidation of various anhydrides employing solvent-free grindstone technique using smectite clays as recyclable and green catalysts was examined and obtained excellent yields.
- Marvi, Omid
-
p. 3501 - 3504
(2017/08/14)
-
- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MALEIMIDE
-
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a process for imidization at low temperature without using a strongly acidic dehydration catalyst, in producing maleimide from maleamic acid using an acid catalyst. SOLUTION: In a process for producing maleimide, when imidizing a maleamic acid obtained by reacting a primary amine and a maleic anhydride, in a solvent using a dehydration catalyst, an aliphatic carboxylic acid and/or aliphatic anhydride is used as the dehydration catalyst. The use amount of the aliphatic carboxylic acid and/or aliphatic anhydride is 0.1 equivalent or more in total of the aliphatic carboxylic acid and aliphatic anhydride with respect to the primary amine. SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 COPYRIGHT: (C)2017,JPOandINPIT
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-
Paragraph 0021; 0025
(2017/10/25)
-
- Reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromides with anisidines
-
vic-Dibromides containing the α-bromocarbonyl or α-bromoaromatic moieties were reductively debrominated to furnish alkenes in high yields. o- and m-anisidines but not p-anisidine were found to be effective debrominating agents. The reductive debrominations were found to be trans-stereospecific.
- McGraw, Kristen M.,Bowler, Jeannette T.,Ly, Vy T.,Erden, Ihsan,Wu, Weiming
-
p. 285 - 287
(2016/01/12)
-
- Photoreversible prodrugs and protags: Switching the release of maleimides by using light under physiological conditions
-
A water-soluble furyl-substituted diarylethene derivative has been prepared that can undergo reversible Diels-Alder reactions with maleimides to yield photoswitchable Diels-Alder adducts. Employing bioorthogonal visible light, the release of therapeutically effective concentrations of maleimide-based reactive inhibitors or labels from these "prodrugs" or "protags" could be photoreversibly triggered in buffered, aqueous solution at body temperature. It is shown how the release properties can be fine-tuned and a thorough investigation of the release dynamics is presented. Our system should allow for spatiotemporal control over the inhibition and labeling of specific protein targets and is ready to be surveyed in living organisms.
- G?stl, Robert,Hecht, Stefan
-
supporting information
p. 4422 - 4427
(2015/04/27)
-
- Novel Binder-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) and Use of Same
-
The present patent application relates to novel binder-drug conjugates (ADCs) of N,N-dialkylauristatins directed against the target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, gene ID 1956), effective metabolites of these ADCs, methods for producing these ADCs, use of these ADCs for treatment and or prevention of diseases as well as the use of these ADCs to produce pharmaceutical drugs for treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular hyperproliferative and/or angiogenic diseases such as cancer, for example. Such treatments may be administered as monotherapy or in combination with other pharmaceutical drugs or other therapeutic measures.
- -
-
Page/Page column
(2014/05/20)
-
- CONJUGATE OF MAGNETIC PARTICLE AND SURFACE MODIFIER LINKED THROUGH CLEAVABLE PEPTIDE BOND
-
A conjugate is provided for cell processing, which comprises a magnetic particle and a surface modifier having specific affinity to a target cell. The particle and modifier are linked through a cleavable peptide bond. In a method of cell processing, the conjugate is attached to a target cell; the target cell attached to the conjugate is subject to magnetic processing; the peptide bond is cleaved to separate the processed target cell from the magnetic particle; the target cell separated from the magnetic particle is attached to a substrate. The magnetic particle may include an iron oxide, and the surface modifier may include a glucosamine. The particle and modifier may be linked by a linker comprising a protease recognition site and a peptide bond. The linker links the surface modifier to the particle, and cleavage of the peptide bond is catalyzed by a specific protease that recognizes the protease recognition site.
- -
-
Page/Page column
(2013/03/26)
-
- Molecular products from the thermal degradation of glutamic acid
-
The thermal behavior of glutamic acid was investigated in N2 and 4% O2 in N2 under flow reactor conditions at a constant residence time of 0.2 s, within a total pyrolysis time of 3 min at 1 atm. The identification of the main pyrolysis products has been reported. Accordingly, the principal products for pyrolysis in order of decreasing abundance were succinimide, pyrrole, acetonitrile, and 2-pyrrolidone. For oxidative pyrolysis, the main products were succinimide, propiolactone, ethanol, and hydrogen cyanide. Whereas benzene, toluene, and a few low molecular weight hydrocarbons (propene, propane, 1-butene, and 2-butene) were detected during pyrolysis, no polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected. Oxidative pyrolysis yielded low molecular weight hydrocarbon products in trace amounts. The mechanistic channels describing the formation of the major product succinimide have been explored. The detection of succinimide (major product) and maleimide (minor product) from the thermal decomposition of glutamic acid has been reported for the first time in this study. Toxicological implications of some reaction products (HCN, acetonitrile, and acyrolnitrile), which are believed to form during heat treatment of food, tobacco burning, and drug processing, have been discussed in relation to the thermal degradation of glutamic acid.
- Kibet, Joshua K.,Khachatryan, Lavrent,Dellinger, Barry
-
p. 7696 - 7704
(2013/09/02)
-
- NEW BINDER-DRUG CONJUGATES (ADCS) AND USE THEREOF
-
The present application relates to new binder-drug conjugates (ADCs) of N,N-dialkylauristatins that are directed against the target C4.4a, to active metabolites of these ADCs, to processes for preparing these ADCs, to the use of these ADCs for treating and/or preventing illnesses, and also to the use of these ADCs for producing medicaments for treating and/or preventing illnesses, more particularly hyperproliferative and/or angiogenic diseases such as, for example, cancer diseases. Such treatments may be practised as a monotherapy or else in combination with other medicaments or further therapeutic measures.
- -
-
Page/Page column
(2013/03/28)
-
- PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINES AND CONJUGATES THEREOF
-
Conjugates and compounds for making conjugates which are PBD molecules linked via the N10 position are disclosed, along with the use of the conjugates for treating proliferative diseases, including cancer.
- -
-
-
- IMIDE-LINKED MALEIMIDE AND POLYMALEIMIDE COMPOUNDS
-
The invention is directed to maleimide thermosets incorporating imide-extended mono-, bis-, or polymaleimide compounds. These imide-extended maleimide compounds are prepared by the condensation of appropriate anhydrides with appropriate diamines to give amine terminated compounds. These compounds are then condensed with excess maleic anhydride to yield imide-extended maleimide compounds.
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-
-
- Water-Soluble and Water-Insoluble, Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization Products, Monomers and Related Methods
-
The invention provides certain novel water-soluble and water-insoluble monomers for ring opening metathesis polymerization and novel polymers, compositions and products, and related methods thereof.
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-
-
- Pharmaceutical composition of modified pna molecules
-
The present invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition for use in combating infections.
- -
-
-
- N-maleimidyl polymer derivatives
-
The invention is directed to multi-functional N-maleimidyl polymer derivatives comprising a water soluble and non-peptidic polymer backbone having a terminal carbon, such as a poly(alkylene glycol), the terminal carbon of the polymer backbone being directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of a N-maleimidyl moiety without a linking group therebetween. The invention also provides two methods of preparing such linkerless N-maleimidyl polymer derivatives.
- -
-
-
- Reactive derivatives of sulforhodamine 101 with enhanced hydrolytic stability
-
The invention describes reactive dyes having an alkyl spacer attached via a sulfonamide bond to a sulforhodamine 101 fluorophore, and a variety of useful conjugates prepared therefrom. The increased length of the covalent linkage due to the alkyl spacer results in dye-conjugates having a number of surprisingly advantageous properties relative to previous sulforhodamine 101-labeled conjugates, including enhanced solubility and increased fluorescence. The reactive dyes of the present invention are more stable than the known compound sulforhodamine 101 sulfonyl chloride. Novel reactive dyes are described for selective modification of groups other than amines, including thiols and photoreactive derivatives.
- -
-
-
- Thermosetting resin compositions containing maleimide and/or vinyl compounds
-
In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel thermosetting resin compositions which do not require solvent to provide a system having suitable viscosity for convenient handling. Invention compositions have the benefit of undergoing rapid cure. The resulting thermosets are stable to elevated temperatures, are highly flexible, have low moisture uptake and are consequently useful in a variety of applictions, e.g., in adhesive applications since they display good adhesion to both the substrate and the device attached thereto.
- -
-
-
- Modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA) molecules
-
The present invention relates to novel drugs which may be used in combating infectious micro-organisms, particularly bacteria. More specifically, the invention relates to peptide nucleic acid (PNA) sequences that are modified by conjugating cationic peptides to the PNA moiety in order to obtain novel PNA molecules that exhibit enhanced anti-infective properties.
- -
-
-
- Adhesion promoters containing silane, carbamate or urea, and donor or acceptor functionality
-
An adhesion promoter containing silane, and carbamate, thiocarbamate or urea functionality, and electron donor or electron acceptor functionality, displays low volatility.
- -
-
-
- Photobleaching of Compounds of the 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin Series (m-THPP, m-THPC, and m-THPBC)
-
(Matrix Presented) 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (m-THPP) yielded novel quinonoid porphyrins upon irradiation in aqueous methanol. True photobleaching was observed for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC) and 5,10,15,20-tet
- Bonnett, Raymond,Martinez, Gabriel
-
p. 2013 - 2016
(2007/10/03)
-
- Compounds with electron donor and electron acceptor functionality
-
Compounds containing both electron donor and electron acceptor functionality are suitable for use in adhesives. The electron donor group is a carbon to carbon double bond attached to an aromatic ring and conjugated with the unsaturation in the ring. The electron acceptor group is a maleimide, acrylate, fumarate or maleate.
- -
-
-
- PEGYLATION PROCESS
-
The present invention relates to the attachment of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety to a target substrate. Processes for such attachment will be hereinafter referred to as "PEGylation" of the substrate. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for direct covalent PEGylation of a substrate, comprising the reaction of a halogenated PEG with the substrate wherein the halogen of the halogenated PEG acts as a leaving group in the PEGylation reaction.
- -
-
-
- Fluorescent maleimides and uses thereof
-
The present invention relates to compounds of formula I provided that R1and R2not simultaneously stand for phenyl, the use thereof in, for example, electroluminescent devices and as void detection compounds.
- -
-
-
- Cyanine dyes and synthesis methods thereof
-
A cyanine dye having the formula wherein R1-R8 are each independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl group, and C0-C4 alkyl group having a hydrophilic substituent thereon. R11 and R12 are chosen to include a free or protected thiol, amine or hydroxyl substituent capable of reacting with a target molecule through a nucleophilic displacement mechanism. The dye is useful in labeling a variety of target molecules. Processes are described for synthesizing suitable heterocyclic and indole derivatives as precursors for the aforementioned cyanine dyes.
- -
-
-
- Compounds containing a michael-acceptor, especially maleimide or maleic acid derivatives, directly or indirectly linked to a chromophore and their use in long lasting sunscreen compositions
-
The present invention relates to compounds which are useful as sunscreens. The compounds persist on the skin for much longer than conventional sunscreens because they comprise a Michael acceptor linked directly or indirectly to a chromophore. The Michael acceptor is capable of undergoing a conjugate addition reaction with thiol groups present in cysteine residues of keratin and thus the compound is chemically bound to the skin and will not be removed by immersion in water.
- -
-
-
- Substituted complexing agents, complexes, and complex salts, processes for their production, and pharmaceuticals containing same
-
1. Compounds of general Formula I STR1 wherein n and m in each case mean the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, X stands for a hydrogen atom and/or a metal ion equivalent of an element of atomic numbers 21-29, 31, 32, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83, R1 and R2, being different, mean in each case a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain, branched, saturated or unsaturated C0 -C20 -alkylene group, this alkylene group exhibiting at the end either a second molecule of general Formula IA or IB STR2 a functional group, or, linked by way of this functional group, a bio- or macromolecule, are valuable diagnostic and therapeutic media,
- -
-
-
- Solid-tumor treatment method
-
A method of administering an anti-tumor compound to a subject is disclosed. The method includes administering to a subject liposomes having sizes predominantly in the range 0.05 to 0.12 microns, and containing an anti-tumor compound in liposome-entrapped form, a surface coating of polyethylene glycol chains, at a surface concentration thereof sufficient to extend the blood circulation time of the liposomes severalfold over that of liposomes in the absence of such coating, and surface-attached antibody molecules effective to bind specifically to tumor-associated antigens present at the tumor site. One liposome composition includes doxorubicin in entrapped form, and, on the liposome surface, a monoclonal antibody against highly proliferating cells in a lung squamous cell carcinoma.
- -
-
-
- COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR INHIBITION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE ACTIVITY
-
The present invention includes N-substituted maleimides (1(H)-Pyrrole-2,5-dione (Maleimide) analogs and succinimides which act as potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and are capable of dual inactivation or selective inactivation of the cyclooxygenase and the peroxidase activities of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGHS).
- -
-
-
- Non-crystalline ether-imide type high purity bismaleimide composition and process for producing the same
-
A non-crystalline ether-imide type high purity bismaleimide composition represented by formula (I): STR1 wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R6 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a phenyl group. The non-crystalline bismaleimide (I) has a purity of 95 wt % or higher, a melting point of not higher than 130° C., and exhibits excellent solubility in a solvent. It is prepared by a process comprising uniformly melting a crystalline bismaleimide (I) followed by rapid cooling to solidify or a process comprising subjecting a maleamic acid, which is obtained by addition reaction between a corresponding aromatic ether diamine and maleic anhydride in an aromatic hydrocarbon/aprotic polar solvent mixed solvent, to dehydrating cyclization in the presence of an acid catalyst while azeotropically removing by-produced water with the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, removing the remaining aromatic hydrocarbon solvent by distillation, withdrawing the produced maleimide in a molten state, and rapidly cooling to solidify.
- -
-
-
- One vial method for labeling protein/linker conjugates with technetium-99M
-
A one vial method for labeling a protein, such as an antibody or antibody fragment, with a radiometal such as Tc-99m or a rhenium isotope, is disclosed. The method comprises contacting in a single vial a mixture comprised of a reducing agent and a protein molecule covalently bound to a sulfhydryl containing bifunctional coupling agent with Tc or Re in an oxidized state. A one vial kit for labeling a protein with Tc or Re is also disclosed.
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-
-
- Long wavelength chemically reactive dipyrrometheneboron difluoride dyes and conjugates
-
This invention relates to derivatives of dipyrrometheneboron difluoride fluorescent dyes that have an absorption maximum at wavelengths longer than about 525 nm, and are chemically reactive with nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and other biologically derived or synthetic chemical materials. The dyes generally have the structure: STR1 wherein at least one of the substituents R1 -R7, is a reactive functional group, and at least one of the substituents R1 -R7 contains a bathochromic moiety. The bathochromic moiety is an unsaturated organic group, preferably heteroaryl or alkenyl. The remaining substituents, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl (containing 1-5 carbon atoms), aryl, arylalkyl, or sulfo. The dyes are used to make novel conjugates with members of specific binding pairs that are ligands or receptors.
- -
-
-
- Preparation process of N-substituted maleimides
-
A process for the preparation of N-substituted maleimides by conducting heat-dehydration and dehydrating imidization of N-substituted maleamic acids under azeotropic distillation of generated water in a solvent mixture containing a solvent capable of forming water azeotrope and an organic aprotic polar solvent, in the presence as catalyst of a zinc salt of a maleamic acid, metallic zinc or a zinc compound which forms a zinc salt of the N-substituted maleamic acid in the reaction system.
- -
-
-
- Cleavable bifunctional coupling agents
-
A bifunctional coupling agent for joining a sulfhydryl containing protein or peptide and a metallic radionuclide comprising a sulfhydryl selective electrophile, a chelator containing at least one protected thiol and a organic linking radical containing at least one cleavable site which serves to join said electrophile and said chelator is disclosed. A radiodiagnostic or radiotherapeutic precursor comprising an antibody or antibody fragment and the specified bifunctional coupling agent bound to a sulfhydryl group on the antibody or antibody fragment and a radiodiagnostic or radiotherapeutic agent comprising such precursor having a metallic radionuclide bound thereto are also disclosed.
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-
-
- Preparation of N-substituted maleimides by use of tin catalysts
-
A process for the preparation of N-substituted maleimides by conducting heat-dehydration and dehydrating imidization of N-substituted maleamic acids under azeotropic distillation of generated water in a solvent mixture containing a solvent capable of forming water azeotrope and an organic aproptic polar solvent, in the presence as catalyst of metallic tin, tin oxide, a tin salt of a maleamic acid or a tin compound which forms a thin salt of the N-substituted maleamic acid in the reaction system.
- -
-
-
- Chelating agents
-
A bifunctional chelating agent for joining an antibody or antibody fragment and a metallic radionuclide is disclosed. The agent consists of a derivative of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid or a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid, an organic linking radical which optionally contains a cleavable group, and a function capable of reacting with a site on a protein. Radiodiagnostic or radiotherapeutic precursors comprising an antibody or antibody fragment and the above-described bifunctional chelating agent and radiodiagnostic or radiotherapeutic agent comprising a metallic radionuclide and the above mentioned precursor are also disclosed.
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-
-
- CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS WITH AN AMINOALKYL SIDECHAIN
-
Provided are cyclic hydrocarbons of Formula I with an aminoalkyl sidechain that are useful for treating phospholipase A2 mediated conditions, diabetes, and obesity.
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-
-
- Method for production of maleimides
-
A method for the production of a maleimide by dehydration and ring-closure of maleinamic acid obtained by the reaction of maleic anhydride with an amine, which method is characterized by effecting ring-closure imidation of said maleinamic acid by heating said maleinamic acid in a water-insoluble or water-immiscible inert organic non-polar solvent in the presence of a catalyst of an amine salt produced from the amine and an acid, a mixture of the amine salt and the acid, or a supported catalyst on a solid carrier the catalyst or the acid.
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-
-
- Process for producing polymaleimide
-
A process for producing a polymaleimide which comprises reacting an aromatic dialdehyde with 2 to 60 moles, per mole of the aromatic dialdehyde, of aromatic amine represented by the formula (I): STR1 wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group each having 1 to 4 carbon atoms to obtain a polyamine, reacting the polyamine with maleic anhydride to obtain a polyamide acid, and dehydration-cyclizing the polyamide acid to obtain a polymaleimide.
- -
-
-
- Maleimido substituted aromatic cyclotriphosphazenes
-
4-Aminophenoxy cyclotriphosphazenes are reacted with maleic anhydride to produce maleamic acids which are converted to the maleimides. The maleimides are polymerized. By selection of starting materials (e.g. hexakis amino or trisaminophenoxy-trisphenoxy-cyclotriphosphazenes), selection of molar proportions of reactants, use of mixtures of anhydrides and use of dianhydrides as bridging groups a variety of maleimides and polymers are produced. The polymers have high limiting oxygen indices, high char yields and other useful heat and fire resistant properties making them useful as, for example, impregnants of fabrics.
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-
-
- Polymaleinimide Formation in the Electron Transfer Reaction Between N-Bromosuccinimide and Succinimide Anion
-
The electron transfer reaction between N-bromosuccinimide (SBr) and succinimide anion (S-) gives predominantly succinimide (SH, ca. 65 percent) but also a small percentage (ca. 10 percent) of a polymeric material, the nature of which has now been elucidated.By NMR spectral comparison with authentic specimens, the polymer was shown to be of the polymaleinimide type.The build-up and decay of maleinimide during the SBr/S- reaction could be followed (NMR).Also, the development of the characteristic, base-induced yellow-red coulor of polymaleinimide could be followed kinetically and the effect of additives studied.Finally, the SBr/S- reaction exhibited weak chemiluminescence.These findings further strengthen the hypothesis that the initial step of the reaction is ET between SBr and S-, forming a cage radical ion/radical pair.Nitrogen-bromine bond cleavage within the cage produces a pair of S*, which react with disproportionation to give SH and maleinimide.The latter then undergoes predominant radical polymerization.The reaction between N-chlorosuccinimide and S- also gave polymaleinimide (40 percent) in addition to SH (47 percent).
- Eberson, Lennart,Barry, John E.,Finkelstein, Manuel,Moore, W. Michael,Ross, Sidney D.
-
p. 249 - 266
(2007/10/02)
-
- SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIVITY OF O-ALKYLMALEIMIDE
-
Irradiation of O-alkylmaleimide, prepared by the reaction of silver maleimide with alkyl bromide, resulted in Norrish type II elimination presumably initiated by γ-hydrogen abstraction of excited carbon-nitrogen double bond.
- Izawa, Yasuji,Yokoi, Kanemasa,Tomioka, Hideo
-
p. 1473 - 1476
(2007/10/02)
-