54629-13-9

Nicotinamide (2) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the PDE4D isozyme and as a chemical tool selectively blocks eosinophil mediator release and chemotaxis thus linking the role of PDE4D to eosinophil function.

To seek new protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors with better biological activity, a series of novel diphenyl ether derivatives containing tetrahydrophthalimide were designed based on the principle of substructure splicing and bioisomerization. PPO inhibition experiments exhibited that 6c is the most potential compound, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.00667 mg/L, showing 7 times higher activity than Oxyfluorfen (IC50 = 0.0426 mg/L) against maize PPO and similar herbicidal activities to Oxyfluorfen in weeding experiments in greenhouses and field weeding experiments. In view of the inspected bioactivities, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this series of compounds was also discussed. Crop selection experiments demonstrate that compound 6c is safe for soybeans, maize, rice, peanuts, and cotton at a dose of 300 g ai/ha. Accumulation analysis experiments showed that the accumulation of 6c in some crops (soybeans, peanuts, and cotton) was significantly lower than Oxyfluorfen. Current work suggests that compound 6c may be developed as a new herbicide candidate in fields.

A novel series of potent inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase are described. The optimization of biochemical and cellular potency as well as ADME properties led to compound 23c. Broad tissue distribution was obtained following oral administration to mice. Thus 23c could be another useful tool compound for studying the effects of GCS inhibition in vitro and in vivo.

The present invention relates to compounds which are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) useful for the treatment and prevention of stroke, myocardial infarct, cardiovascular inflammatory diseases and disorders and central nervous system disorders, t

Compounds useful as inhibitors of PDE4 in the treatment of diseases regulated by the activation and degranulation of eosinophils, especially asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, of the formula: wherein j is 0 or 1, k is 0 or 1, m is 0, 1, or 2;n is 1 or 2; A is is selected from the partial Formulas: where q is 1, 2, or 3, W3 is -O-; -N(R9)-; or -OC(=O)-; R7 is selected from -H; -(C1-C6)alkyl, -(C2-C6)alkenyl, or -(C2-C6)alkynyl substituted by 0 to 3 substituents R10; -(CH2)u-(C3-C7) cycloalkyl where u is 0, 1 or 2, substituted by 0 to 3 R10; and phenyl or benzyl substituted by 0 to 3 R14; R8 is tetrazol-5-yl; 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl; 1,2,4-triazol-3-on-5-yl; 1,2,3-triazol-5-yl; imidazol-2-yl; imidazol-4-yl; imidazolidin-2-on-4-yl; 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl; 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-on-5-yl; 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl; 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-on-3-yl; 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl; 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-on-5-yl; 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl; 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl; morpholinyl; parathiazinyl; oxazolyl; isoxazolyl; thiazolyl; isothiazolyl; pyrrolyl; pyrazolyl; succinimidyl; glutarimidyl; pyrrolidonyl; 2-piperidonyl; 2-pyridonyl; 4-pyridonyl; pyridazin-3-onyl; pyridyl; pyrimidinyl; pyrazinyl; pyridazinyl; indolyl; indolinyl; isoindolinyl; benzo[b]furanyl; 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl; 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuranyl; 2H-1-benzopyranyl; 2-H-chromenyl; chromanyl; benzothienyl; 1H-indazolyl; benzimidazolyl; benzoxazolyl; benzisoxazolyl; benzothiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; benzotriazinyl; phthalazinyl; 1,8-naphthyridinyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; quinazolinyl; quinoxalinyl; pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl; pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinyl; imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl; pyridopyridinyl; pteridinyl; or 1H-purinyl; or A is selected from phosphorous and sulfur acid groups; W is ―O―; ―S(=O)t―, where t is 0, 1, or 2; or -N(R3)―; Y is C(R1a)―, or -[N□(O)k] where k is 0 or 1; R4, R5 and R6 are (1)―H; provided that R5 and R6 are not both -H at the same time, ―F; ―Cl; -(C2-C4) alkynyl; -R16; ―OR16; -S(=O)pR16; ―C(=O)R16, -C(=O)OR16; -OC(=O)R16; -CN; -NO2; -C(=O)NR16R17; -OC(=O)NR16R17; ―NR12aC(=O)NR16R17; -NR12aC(=NR12)NR16R17; -NR12aC(=NCN)NR15R16; -NR12aC(=N-NO2)NR15R16; -C(=NR12a)NR15R16; -CH2C(=NR12a)NR16R17; ―OC(=NR12a)NR16R17; ―OC(=N―NO2)NR16R17; -NR16R17; -CH2NR16R17; -NR12aC(=O)R16; -NR12aC(=O)OR16; =NOR16; ―NR12aS(=O)pR17 -S(=O)pNR16R17; and ―CH2C(=NR12a)NR16R17;(2) -(C1-C4) alkyl including dimethyl and -(C1-C4) alkoxy substituted with 0 to 3 substituents ―F or ―Cl; or 0 or 1 substituent (C1-C2) alkoxycarbonyl―, (C1-C2) alkylcarbonyl―, or (C1-C2) alkylcarbonyloxy―; or (3) an aryl or heterocyclic moiety; or (4) R5 and R6 are taken together to form a moiety of partial Formulas (1.3.1) through (1.3.15):B1 and B2 is a moiety comprising a saturated or unsaturated carbon ring system that is 3- to 7-membered monocyclic, or that is 7- to 12-membered, fused or discontinuous, polycyclic; wherein optionally one carbon atom thereof may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, O and S; and where N is selected, optionally a second carbon atom thereof may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.