- Monitoring of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in vegetable samples from local markets in Northern Thailand by developed immunoassay
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Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide that is wildly used among farmers for crop protection. However, there are concerns regarding its contamination in the environment and food chain. In the present study, an in-house indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) specific for detecting chlorpyrifos is developed and validated against gas chromatography–flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) as the conventional method. The developed ic-ELISA was used for detecting chlorpyrifos residue in vegetable samples. The developed ic-ELISA showed good sensitivity to chlorpyrifos at an IC50 of 0.80 μg/kg, with low cross-reactivity to other organophosphate pesticides. The 160 samples were collected from local markets located in the Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, and Nan provinces in northern Thailand. The positive rate of chlorpyrifos residues in the vegetable samples was 33.8percent, with the highest levels found in cucumbers, coriander, and morning glory, at 275, 145, and 35.3 μg/kg, respectively. The highest median levels of chlorpyrifos found in the detected samples were Chinese cabbage (332 μg/kg), cucumber (146.3 μg/kg) and Chinese Kale (26.95 μg/kg). The developed ic-ELISA is suitable for the rapid quantitation of chlorpyrifos residues.
- Hongsibsong, Surat,Prapamontol, Tippawan,Xu, Ting,Hammock, Bruce D.,Wang, Hong,Chen, Zi-Jian,Xu, Zhen-Lin
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Read Online
- Synthesis and herbicidal activities of aryloxyacetic acid derivatives as HPPD inhibitors
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A series of aryloxyacetic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized as 4-hydoxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors. Preliminary bioassay results reveal that these derivatives are promising Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD) inhibitors, in particular compounds I12 (Ki = 0.011 μM) and I23 (Ki = 0.012 μM), which exhibit similar activities to that of mesotrione, a commercial HPPD herbicide (Ki = 0.013 μM). Furthermore, the newly synthesized compounds show significant greenhouse herbicidal activities against tested weeds at dosages of 150 g ai/ha. In particular, II4 exhibited high herbicidal activity for pre-emergence treatment that was slightly better than that of mesotrione. In addition, compound II4 was safe for weed control in maize fields at a rate of 150 g ai/ha, and was identified as the most potent candidate for a novel HPPD inhibitor herbicide. The compounds described herein may provide useful guidance for the design of new HPPD inhibiting herbicides and their modification.
- Huang, Hao,Liu, Jian-Min,Shu, Lei,Wang, Man-Man,Yan, Yi-Le,Zhang, Da-Yong,Zhang, Jian-Qiu
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p. 233 - 247
(2020/03/27)
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- Preparation method of herbicide triclopyr butoxyethyl ester
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The invention discloses a preparation method of an herbicide, namely triclopyr butoxyethyl ester, belonging to the field of pesticide chemistry. The preparation method is implemented by the steps of reacting by virtue of raw materials including sodium trichloropyridinol and chloroacetic acid in the presence of a catalyst 1 and an organic solvent, so as to obtain picolinic acid type triclopyr (triklopir) as a raw material, preparing acyl chloride from triclopyr, carrying out condensation reaction by virtue of acyl chloride and 2-butoxyethanol in the presence of a catalyst 2, an acid-binding agent and an organic solvent, so as to obtain triclopyr butoxyethyl ester. The content of triclopyr butoxyethyl ester is 95.2%, and the yield is 85.6%; the synthesis is easy in operation, the post-treatment is simple and convenient, wastewater is little, and the preparation method is suitable for preparing the herbicide, namely triclopyr butoxyethyl ester.
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Paragraph 0027-0029; 0033
(2017/11/29)
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- NEW TYPE OF CYTIDINE DERIVATIVE AND APPLICATION THEREOF
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The present disclosure provides a new cytidine derivative having the general formula (I), and applications thereof: R1 As demonstrated by experiments on the growth inhibition effect of the new cytidine derivative of the present invention on HCT-116 colon cancer xenografts in tumor-bearing nude mice , the compound of the present invention has high anti-tumor activity, data of impacts on weight of nude mice bearing human colon cancer HCT-116 and data of mortality rate showed that the toxicity of the compound is comparatively low.
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Paragraph 0066; 0068
(2017/09/05)
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- 3. 5, 6 - trichloro pyrrole oxygen acetic acid and its salt preparation method
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The invention discloses a method for preparing 3, 5, 6-trichlopyr and a salt thereof. The method comprises the following steps: by taking trichloropyridine alkoxide as a raw material, under the condition of an alkaline environment and a catalyst, performing synthetic reaction with the chloroacetic acid alkali salt, further condensing by a solvent, cooling-crystallizing and separating to obtain 3, 5, 6-trichlopyr salt with percentage of more than 99.0%, carrying out oxidized decolouring and acidifying by an inorganic salt, and filtering and rinsing to obtain the 3, 5, 6-trichlopyr white crystal with percentage of more than 99.0%. Compared with the prior art, the method is synthesized by a one-step method and is simple in process; the solvent is recycled and the unit capacity wastewater discharge volume is greatly reduced; a high-quality, low-energy consumption and eco-environment-friendly production process for preparing 3, 5, 6-trichlopyr and the salt thereof is provided.
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Paragraph 0047-0050
(2017/05/23)
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- 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridine phenoxyacetic acid derivatives preparation and applied research
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The invention provides 3, 5, 6-trichlorine-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid derivatives which are soluble in both water and oil, have herbicidal activity and are shown as general formulas (I, II), wherein X refers to oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,..., or (CH2)n representing alkyl with a branched chain, wherein n refers to alkyl with a branched chain; Y refers to Cl-, Br-, F-, I-, AcO-, an acetylsalicylic acid radical, citric acid radical, salicylic acid radical, p-toluenesulfonic acid radical, hydrogen sulfate radical or other negative ions. R1 refers to alkyl with one to six carbon atoms, alkoxy with one to six carbon atoms, alkenyl with one to six carbon atoms, or aryl; R2 refers to alkyl with one to six carbon atoms, alkoxy with one to six carbon atoms, alkenyl with one to six carbon atoms or aryl groups; or R1 and R2 are selected from the structures shown in the specification.
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- Triclopyr production method
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The invention provides a triclopyr production method. Firstly, sodium trichloropyrindinol and methyl chloroacetate have etherification reaction in a polar solvent to generate a midbody trichloropyridine peroxyacetic acid methyl ester, and trichloropyridine peroxyacetic acid methyl ester is subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and acidification in an aqueous phase to obtain triclopyr. When etherification reaction is conducted, reaction temperature is low, conditions are mild, reaction time is shortened, post-processing is simple, and the yield is high. A dispersing agent and a phase transfer catalyst are used during alkaline hydrolysis and acidification, alkaline hydrolysis and acidification are conducted in the aqueous phase, the amount of three wastes is reduced, reaction conditions are mild, the yield is high, production cost is low, industrial production is facilitated, and the yield of two-step reaction can reach 94% or above.
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Paragraph 0050; 0051; 0052; 0053; 0053; 0054
(2016/10/24)
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- PREPARATION OF TRICLOPYR, ITS INTERMEDIATE AND BUTOXYETHYL ESTER
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This invention relates to process for preparation of Triclopyr, Triclopyr- butoxyethyl ester and its intermediate viz. 2-butoxyethyl chloroacetate. Triclopyr is prepared by hydrolysis of its alkyl esters. Triclopyr- butoxyethyl ester is prepared by reaction of triclopyr and 2-butoxyethanol in presence of a catalyst. Triclopyr-butoxyethyl ester is also prepared by transesterification from alkyl esters of Triclopyr. 2-butoxyethyl chloroacetate is prepared by reaction of chloroacetic acid and 2-butoxyethanol in presence of a catalyst.
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Page/Page column 6-7
(2010/04/06)
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- Fungicidal N-pyridyloxyalkyl amides
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Compounds of the formula: STR1 wherein X is oxygen or sulfur; Z is oxygen or sulfur; R is pyridyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 3 of the same or different halogen atoms or nitro; R1 is lower alkyl; and R2 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 3 ring nitrogens and the remainder of the ring atoms carbon atoms, a quinoline ring or a phenyl ring, all optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, trihalomethyl, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy are fungicidal.
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- Fungicidal N-pyridyloxy alkyl amines
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Compounds of the formula: STR1 wherein X is oxygen or sulfur; R is pyridyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 3 of the same or different halogen atoms or nitro, R1 is lower alkyl; and R2 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1- to 3-ring nitrogens and the remainder of the ring atoms carbon atoms, a quinoline ring or a phenyl ring, all optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, trihalomethyl, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, provided that R2 is not bonded to the --CH2 -- group by a ring nitrogen and compatible salts thereof, are fungicidal.
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- 5,6-Dihydro-1,2,4,6-thiatriazin-5-one-1,1-dioxides
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5,6-Dihydro-1,2,4,6-thiatriazin-5-one-1,1-dioxides of the formula STR1 where R1 is hydrogen, a metal atom or an unsubstituted or substituted ammonium radical, R2 is a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain aliphatic radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical or 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogen-, alkoxy- or alkylmercapto-substituted aliphatic radical of 2 to 10 carbon atoms tetrahydrofuryl substituted methyl, a cycloalkoxy-substituted aliphatic radical of 4 to 10 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted benzyl or phenyl, halophenyl, or alkylphenyl of a total of up to 10 carbon atoms, R3 is hydrogen, a straight-chain aliphatic radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched aliphatic radical of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, haloalkyl, or alkoxyalkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms and X is oxygen and may also be sulfur if R2 is unsubstituted or halogen-substituted benzyl, processes for their preparation, and herbicides containing the above compounds.
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