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A series of coumarin types MMP inhibitors were designed based on gelastatin hydroxamates (1) and evaluated for TACE, cellular TNF-α, and NO inhibitory activities. Among them, compounds 9b had potent inhibitory activities in enzymatic and cellular assays a

Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) has been regarded as a novel target for the treatment of Alz-heimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we obtained (R)‐LZ77 as a hit compound with moderate PDE2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 261.3 nM) using a high‐throughput virtual screening method based on molecular dynamics. Then, we designed and synthesized 28 dihydropyranopyrazole derivatives as PDE2 inhibitors. Among them, compound (+)‐11h was the most potent PDE2 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 41.5 nM. The molecular docking of PDE2‐(+)‐11h reveals that the 4‐(trifluoromethyl)ben-zyl)oxyl side chain of the compound enters the H‐pocket and forms strong hydrophobic interactions with L770/L809/F862, which improves inhibitory activity. The above results may provide insight for further structural optimization of highly potent PDE2 inhibitors and may lay the foundation for their use in the treatment of AD.

The invention relates to novel compounds of the general formula (I) pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and the use thereof as medicaments, in particular for the use as iron chelators, more particularly for the use in the prophylaxis and/or treatm

The development of an efficient synthetic route toward rim-differentiated C5-symmetric pillar[5]arenes (P[5]s), whose two rims are decorated with different chemical functionalities, opens up successive transformations of this macrocyclic scaffo

First syntheses of five natural 1,3-diarylpropenes (cinnamylphenols) 2-4, 7, and 8 along with synthesis of two other natural 1,3-diarylpropenes 1 and 5 and E-isomer of mucronulastyrene (6) were achieved by Friedel- Crafts alkylation as a key step. Subsequ

A series of 6-substituted 3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)chromen-2-ones (coumarins) have been synthesized and their inhibitory activity to human monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) and B (MAO B) determined. Incorporation of a basic amino function in the C3 position together with substitution at the C6 position produced novel coumarin compounds with selectivity for the MAO A subtype. Substitution in the C6 position with small hydrophilic groups such as hydroxy (19, IC50 = 1.46 μM) or amino (18, IC50 = 3.77 μM) gave the most potent and selective compounds for MAO A. These compounds also showed excellent aqueous solubility properties. Compound 18 [6-amino-3- (pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)chromen-2-one] administrated in vivo induced in rat brain a neurotransmitter metabolite profile typical of MAO A inhibition: decreased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) but increased 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) levels.

A new and efficient total synthesis has been developed to obtain plagiochin G (22), a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl, and four derivatives. The key 16-membered ring containing biphenyl ether and biaryl units was closed via an intramolecular SNAr reaction. All synthesized macrocyclic bisbibenzyls inhibited Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells and, thus, are potential cancer chemopreventive agents.

A series of novel and selective N-[3-(6-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl] amides has recently been shown to possess sub-nanomolar range binding affinity to the type 2 melatonin receptor (MT2). Pharmacokinetics studies suggested that these compounds were subject to vigorous CYP450-mediated metabolism, resulting in a series of metabolites with significantly decreased or diminished binding affinities toward MT2 receptor. The ether bonds were found to be the major positions susceptible to metabolism. In this study, the benzyl ether bond was either removed or replaced with a carbon-carbon bond in an attempt to improve metabolic stability and enhance their resistance towards phase I oxidation. The synthesis, receptor binding affinity, intrinsic potency and metabolic stability of modified structures are reported in this article. By removal or replacement of metabolic labile ether linkerage with carbon linkers, a novel compound was identified with good potency and MT 2 selectivity, and with increased metabolic stability.

A promising antitumor xanthone derivative was optimized following a multidimensional approach that involved the synthesis of 17 analogues, the study of their lipophilicity and solubility, and the evaluation of their growth inhibitory activity on four human tumor cell lines. A new synthetic route for the hit xanthone derivative was also developed and applied for the synthesis of its analogues. Among the used cell lines, the HL-60 showed to be in general more sensitive to the compounds tested, with the most potent compound having a GI50 of 5.1 μM, lower than the hit compound. Lipophilicity was evaluated by the partition coefficient (Kp) of a solute between buffer and two membrane models, namely liposomes and micelles. The compounds showed a log Kp between 3 and 5 and the two membrane models showed a good correlation (r2 = 0.916) between each other. Studies concerning relationship between solubility and structure were developed for the hit compound and 5 of its analogues.

A general synthesis of dibenzoxepine lactams has been developed using a one-pot Cu-catalyzed etherification/aldol condensation cascade reaction. The reaction of 4-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one with a wide range of 2-bromobenzaldehydes in the presence of a copper catalyst provided various aristoyagonine derivatives in good yields.

The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is an attractive target for molecular imaging of neuroinflammation and tumor progression. [ 18F]PBR06, a fluorine-18 labeled form of PBR06, is a promising PET TSPO radioligand originally developed at NIMH.

A facile and practical methodology for the synthesis of synthetically useful diarylmethanol-based 1,4-diols and enantiomerically pure BINOL-derived diols with axial and sp3-central chirality has been developed through neighboring lithium-promot

A series of substituted N-[3-(3-methoxyphenyl)propyl] amides were synthesized and their binding affinities towards human melatonin MT1and MT2receptors were evaluated. It was discovered that a benzyloxyl substituent incorporated at C6 position of the 3-methoxyphenyl ring dramatically enhanced the MT2binding affinity and at the same time decreased MT1binding affinity.

Four double-drug HIV NRTI/NNRTI inhibitors 15a-d of the type [d4U]-spacer-[HI-236] in which the spacer is varied as 1-butynyl (15a), propargyl-1-PEG (15b), propargyl-2-PEG (15c) and propargyl-4-PEG (15d) have been synthesized and biologically evaluated as RT inhibitors against HIV-1. The key step in their synthesis involved a Sonogashira coupling of 5-iodo d4U's benzoate with an alkynylated tethered HI-236 precursor followed by introduction of the HI-236 thiourea functionality. Biological evaluation in both cell-culture (MT-2 cells) as well as using an in vitro RT assay revealed 15a-c to be all more active than d4T. However, overall the results indicate the derivatives are acting as chain-extended NNRTIs in which for 15b-d the nucleoside component is likely situated outside of the pocket but with no evidence for any synergistic double binding between the NRTI and NNRTI sites. This is attributed, in part, to the lack of phosphorylation of the nucleoside component of the double-drug as a result of kinase recognition failure, which is not improved upon with the phosphoramidate of 15d incorporating a 4-PEG spacer.

(Chemical Equation Presented) Versatile chiral substrates for asymmetric synthesis are formed through the spiroketalization of phenols with a chiral substituted ethanol unit O-tethered to the ortho position upon treatment with PhI-(OAc)2 (see example; TFE = 2,2,2-tri-fluoroethanol). Intermediates with a six-membered iodine(III)-containing ring (the natural localized molecular orbitals associated with the I-C6 bond are shown) undergo ligand coupling to give the spiroketals.

Several novel thiourea derivatives of the NNRTI HI-236 substituted at the C-2 oxygen of the phenyl ring have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 (IIIB) replication in MT-2 cell cultures. The compounds were synthesize

A cyclohexane derivative having the function of reducing a blood sugar level and having preferable properties required of medicines, such as long-lasting drug activity, metabolic stability, and safety; and a medicinal composition for use in the prevention or treatment of diseases attributable to hyperglycemia, such as diabetes, e.g., insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes), complications of diabetes, and obesity. The derivative is a compound represented by the formula (I): (wherein A is -O-, -CH2-, or -NH-; n is an integer selected between 0 and 1; R6 and R7 each independently is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; m is an integer selected among 1-3; Q is selected among the following formulae Q1 to Q5; Ar1 is optionally substituted arylene or optionally substituted heteroarylene, provided that the heteroarylene may be bonded to an aromatic carbocycle or aromatic heterocycle to form a fused ring; and Ar2 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl), a prodrug of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either. Also provided are a medicine, a medicinal composition, or the like each containing the compound.

The synthesis of bifunctional compound 10 consisting of d4U joined at C-5 to a butynyl spacer attached to HI-236 is reported using a Sonogashira coupling as a key step. As a non-cleavable bifunctional HIV inhibitor incorporating an NRTI with an NNRTI, 10 shows good inhibitory activity (EC50 = 250 nM) against HIV (IIIB) replication in MT-2 cell culture, which is eight times greater than that of d4T and between those of the two component drugs.

As part of our continuing effort for development of novel anti-inflammatory agents, the highly potential agent CCY1a, which we reported recently, was selected as lead compound to synthesize a series of its derivatives for evaluation. Most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited superior inhibitory activity than both the lead compound and the positive control (trifluoperazine) toward fMLP-stimulated neutrophil superoxide formation. (2E)-3-[2-(Benzyloxy)-5-methoxyphenyl]-acrylaldehyde (31) was among the most potent with action mechanism different from CCY1a in that it does not act as cAMP-elevating agent but inhibits the increase in cellular Ca2+ with greater potency.

A series of benzyloxybenzaldehyde derivatives were prepared and tested against the HL-60 cell line for anticancer activity. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were established. It was discovered that 2-(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde (17), 2-(benzyloxy)-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (26), 2-(benzyloxy)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (27), 2-(benzyloxy)-5-chlorobenzaldehyde (28), 2-[(3-methoxybenzyl)oxy]benzaldehyde (29), 2-[(2-chlorobenzyl)oxy] benzaldehyde (30), and 2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)oxy]benzaldehyde (31) exhibited significant activity at 1-10 μM. Among them, compound 29 was the most potent one. The morphological assessment and DNA fragmentation analysis indicated that these compounds arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis. They resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after 12 h of treatment.

A series of 2′-benzyloxy-5′-substituted-5-benzylidene- thiazolidine-2,4-thione and -dione derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of translation initiation. In an effort to generate novel translation initiation inhibitors for cancer therapy, a series of 2′-benzyloxy- 5′-substituted-5-benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-thione and dione derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for activity in translation initiation specific assays. Several candidates of the 5-benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-diones (3c, 3d, and 3f) and -thiones (2b, 2e, and 2j), inhibit cell growth with low μM GI50 mediated by inhibition of translation initiation, which involves partial depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores and strong phosphorylation of eIF2Iα.

The synthesis of several 3-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzoxocins, 7, by dimethylsulphoxonium methylide reaction on 2-(4-oxoalkyl)phenols, 5, obtained in turn from o-benzyloxybenzaldehydes, 1, is reported.The formation of intermediate open-chain oxiranes 6 arising by a transfer of methylene from the ylide to the carbonyl group of the substrate and the highly regiospecific endo intramolecular cyclization to 3-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzoxocins, 7, have been followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy.The synthesis of the isomeric 2-hydroxymethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepins, 9, from the same 2-(4-oxoalkyl)phenols, through methylenation by triphenylphosphonium methylide and MCPBA oxidation is also reported.Dehydration of the title compounds afforded dihydrobenzoxocins 11 - 13 which, upon catalytic hydrogenation, gave 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-benzoxocins 14.A detailed 1H NMR study allowed assignment of the configurations and the preferred conformations of some tetrahydrobenzoxocins and tetrahydrobenzoxepins trisubstituted on the heterocyclic ring.

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