- Unexpected Acetylation of Endogenous Aliphatic Amines by Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase NAT2
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N-Acetyltransferases play critical roles in the deactivation and clearance of xenobiotics, including clinical drugs. NAT2 has been classified as an arylamine N-acetyltransferase that mainly converts aromatic amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazines. Herein, we demonstrate that the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase NAT2 also acetylates aliphatic endogenous amines. Metabolomic analysis and chemical synthesis revealed increased intracellular concentrations of mono- and diacetylated spermidine in human cell lines expressing the rapid compared to the slow acetylator NAT2 phenotype. The regioselective N8-acetylation of monoacetylated spermidine by NAT2 answers the long-standing question of the source of diacetylspermidine. We also identified selective acetylation of structurally diverse alkylamine-containing drugs by NAT2, which may contribute to variations in patient responses. The results demonstrate a previously unknown functionality and potential regulatory role for NAT2, and we suggest that this enzyme should be considered for re-classification.
- Bergdahl, Ingvar A.,Conway, Louis P.,Correia, Mário S. P.,Globisch, Daniel,Rendo, Veronica,Sj?blom, Tobias
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supporting information
p. 14342 - 14346
(2020/07/13)
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- Structural analysis of ATP analogues compatible with kinase-catalyzed labeling
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Kinase-catalyzed protein phosphorylation is an important biochemical process involved in cellular functions. We recently discovered that kinases promiscuously accept γ-modified ATP analogues as cosubstrates and used several ATP analogues as tools for stud
- Suwal, Sujit,Senevirathne, Chamara,Garre, Satish,Pflum, Mary Kay H.
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p. 2386 - 2391
(2013/02/23)
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- Phenyl esters, preferred reagents for mono-acylation of polyamines in the presence of water
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In the presence of water, several diamines and one triamine were mono-acylated at ambient to moderate temperatures using phenyl esters and a phenyl carbonate as acylation agents in good to excellent isolated yields. Both linear and cyclic polyamines were suitable substrates, and the acylating agents can be aryl and alkyl carboxylic acid esters.
- Pappas, Kyrie,Zhang, Xiang,Tang, Wei,Fang, Shiyue
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body text
p. 5741 - 5743
(2009/12/06)
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- Synthesis of 3-hydroxypyrid-2-ones from furfural for treatment against iron overload and iron deficiency
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Derivatives of 3-hydroxypyrid-2-ones, which posses very high affinity for iron and have anomalous applications in iron overload and iron deficiency, were prepared from furfural in simple reaction conditions.
- Samant, Bhupesh S.
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p. 1978 - 1982
(2008/12/22)
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- Mono-acylation of symmetric diamines in the presence of water
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Simply reacting equal equivalents of symmetric diamines with esters or carbonates in the presence of a suitable amount of water gave mono-acylated products in good to quantitative yields.
- Tang, Wei,Fang, Shiyue
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 6003 - 6006
(2009/04/11)
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- Substrate specificity of the bovine serum amine oxidase and in situ characterisation of aminoaldehydes by NMR spectroscopy
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The oxidation of spermidine or homospermidine with bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) was monitored in situ, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in water with 10% D2O. NMR assignments were performed by spin decoupling and COSY spectra or by comparison with data from synthetic aminoaldehydes. The results represent the first in situ characterisation of the highly reactive aminoaldehydes and showed oxidation at the N1 amino group of spermidine and homospermidine. Comparison of homospermidine with a variety of substrates revealed that among straight chain di- and polyamines both an aminopropyl group and two primary amino groups separated by seven (norspermidine) or eight (spermidine) carbon atoms were required for optimal substrate ability. However, highest activity was seen with the substrate N-(4-aminobutyl)hexahydropyrimidine, showing that the substrate channel of BSAO has a dual substrate preference, with moderately bulky substituents at the distal end of a diamine contributing equally well as an alkyl amino group. Cytotoxic investigations of a variety of substrates for BSAO, confirmed previous results, that cytotoxicity is primarily linked to polyamines encompassing the aminopropyl moiety. No acrolein was observed at any time during the oxidation showing that it reacts very fast with available amino groups forming a variety of derivatives.
- Houen, Gunnar,Struve, Casper,Sondergaard, Roar,Friis, Tina,Anthoni, Uffe,Nielsen, Per H.,Christophersen, Carsten,Petersen, Bent O.,Duus, Jens .
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p. 3783 - 3796
(2007/10/03)
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- EPOXYSUCCINIC ACID DERIVATIVES
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A compound of the general formula: STR1 wherein R 1 represents a carboxyl group which may optionally be esterified or amidated; R 2 represents a cyclic group which may optionally be substituted or a polar group; n is an integer of 0 to 6; R 3 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue which may optionally be substituted; R 4 represents (1) a hydrocarbon residue which is substituted by an optionally protected amino group or (2) an alkenyl group; or R 3 and R 4 may be combined with the adjacent nitrogen atom to form a heterocyclic group containing at least two hetero atoms, or a salt thereof.The compound or a salt thereof of the present invention inhibits thiol proteases such as cathepsin L and B and serves well as a prophylactic/therapeutic agent for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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- Diamine and Triamine Analogs and Derivatives as Inhibitors of Deoxyhypusine Synthase: Synthesis and Biological Activity
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Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the initial step in the posttranslational formation of the amino acid hypusine ε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine> in eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A). eIF-5A and its hypusine modification are believed to be essential for cell growth.A number of compounds related to diamines and triamines were synthesized and tested as inhinitors of this enzyme.The findings indicate that the long chain triamines 2a and 2b and their guanyl derivatives 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b exert inhibition by binding to enzyme through only a portion of their structures at any one time.The inhibition exhibited by N-ethyl-1,7-diaminoheptane 20 and its guanyl derivative 21 supports this notion and is evidence for participation of the secondary amino group in binding to enzyme.There is preliminary evidence that amidino and isothiuronium groups may also serve as basic centers for binding to enzyme.Few of the compounds tested here were comparable in inhibitory potency to 1-guanidino-7-aminoheptane (GC7) the most effective known inhibitor of deoxhypusine synthase, and none proved nearly as efficient as GC7 in inhibiting the enzyme in Chinese hamster ovary cells.Hence, unlike the antiproliferative effect of GC7, for which there is evidence of cause by interference with deoxhypusine synthase catalysis (Park, M.H.; Wolff, E.C.; Lee, Y.B.; Folk, J.E.J.Biol.Chem. 269, 1994, 27827-27832), the effective growth arrest exerted by several of the newly synthesized compounds cannot be attributed to inhibition of hypusine synthesis.
- Lee, Young Bok,Park, Myung Hee,Folk, J. E.
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p. 3053 - 3061
(2007/10/03)
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