- The twisted structure of 9-(4-cyanophenyl)-carbazole
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The crystal structure determination of the title compound, C19H12N2, has been undertaken with a view to understanding the nature of the fluorescence band of the system. There is a significant twist between the cyanophenyl and carbazolyl moieties.
- Saha, Satyen,Samanta, Anunay
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Read Online
- High-performance blue electroluminescent devices based on 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole
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An electron transporting moiety (1,3,4-oxadiazole) and a hole transporting moiety (carbazole) were combined to create 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-carbazole-9-yl) phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (CzOxa), a three layer device with a configuration of ITO/TPD(50 nm)/CzOxa(
- Guan, Min,Bian, Zu Qiang,Zhou, Yi Feng,Li, Fu You,Li, Zhong Jun,Huang, Chun Hui
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Read Online
- Synthesis and properties of blue luminescent bipolar materials constructed with carbazole and anthracene units with 4-cyanophenyl substitute at the 9-position of the carbazole unit
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With carbazole and p-cyanobromobenzene as raw materials, 4-(3,6-di (anthracen-9-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (DACB) and 4-(3,6-bis(anthracene -9-ylethynyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (BACB) were synthesized through the Suzuki coupling reaction and
- Xie, Pengbo,Yuan, Ningning,Li, Shanji,Ouyang, Ying,Zhu, Yongju,Liang, Hui
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Read Online
- Nature of the fluorescent state of N-arylcarbazole derivatives as derived from directly measured values of the excited state dipole moment
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Laser-induced changes in microwave dielectric loss of benzene solutions of two electron donor-acceptor systems, N-(4-cyanophenyl)carbazole and N-(1-naphthyl)carbazole, have been quantitatively measured with a view to determining the dipole moments and hence the nature of the fluorescent states of these systems. The dipole moments so determined are found to be much lower than that expected for a twisted intramolecular charge transfer state. On the basis of the measured values and the results of AM1 calculations, it is concluded that, contrary to what is commonly believed, these donor-acceptor systems emit from a locally excited state.
- Samanta,Saha,Fessenden
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Read Online
- Microenvironment modulation of cuprous cluster enables inert aryl chlorides activation in single-molecule metallaphotoredox amination
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Amination of aryl halides is an important tool in organic synthesis and the activation of inert aryl chlorides is particular difficult. We herein report the first study of aromatic microenvironment modulation of cuprous clusters as single-molecule metalla
- Ji, Wei,Jing, Su,Li, Ai-Min,Qi, Zheng-Hang,Qiu, Wen-Jie,Zha, Guo-Jin,Zhu, Dun-Ru
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p. 313 - 321
(2022/01/03)
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- Preparation method of N-arylcarbazole-3-boric acid
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The invention discloses a preparation method of N-arylcarbazole-3-boric acid, and belongs to the field of liquid crystal intermediates. The preparation method comprises the following steps: coupling carbazole with aryl halide in the presence of alkali to generate N-arylcarbazole, enabling the N-arylcarbazole to react with a bromination reagent to generate Naryl-3, 6-dibromo carbazole, enabling theNaryl-3, 6-dibromo carbazole to react with borate and butyl lithium by a one-pot method, and carrying out hydrolyzing to obtain N-arylcarbazole-3-boric acid. According to the method, dibromides whichare easy to purify are generated during bromination, monosubstituted products are generated by controlling the using amount of the lithiation reagent and the boric acid ester during lithiation, the method is verified on the scale of dozens of kilograms, and the method has the prospect of industrial methods.
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Paragraph 0047-0049
(2021/02/06)
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- Method for synthesizing carbazole derivative
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The invention aims to provide a method for synthesizing a carbazole derivative. The method is characterized in that palladium chloride is used as a catalyst, 2, 2' - dibromobiphenyl is used as an electrophilic reagent, primary amine is taken as a nucleophile, and the carbazole derivative is directly cross-coupled under the conditions of toluene as a solvent and an air atmosphere. The method has the advantages of high yield, high selectivity, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like.
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Paragraph 0013; 0046-0047
(2021/10/05)
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- Combined experimental and density functional theory studies on novel 9-(4/3/2-cyanophenyl)-9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile compounds for organic electronics
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We have synthesized a series of novel hybrid molecules 9-(2-cyanophenyl)-9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile (o-CNCbzCN), 9-(3-cyanophenyl)-9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile (m-CNCbzCN) and 9-(4-cyanophenyl)-9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile (p-CNCbzCN), comprising electron-donating carbazole and electron-accepting nitrile groups. Three positional isomers were synthesized with a view to tune photophysical and electrochemical properties of the hybrids. The photophysical study displayed absorption maxima in the range of 281–340 nm and 277–298 nm whereas emission maxima in the range of 349–366 nm and 366–369 nm in toluene and dimethylformamide (DMF), respectively. These molecules demonstrated suitable frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels and ensure good thermal and morphological stability. Among these synthesized molecules, m-CNCbzCN showed very high decomposition temperature (Td = 341°C) whereas p-CNCbzCN exhibited good glass transition (Tg = 182°C) as well as melting temperature (Tm = 236°C), indicating its significant stability and potential utility as a bipolar host material for efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs).
- Patil, Bhausaheb,Lade, Jatin,Sathe, Pratima,Tripathi, Anuj,Pownthurai,Chetti, Prabhakar,Jadhav, Yogesh,Chaskar, Atul
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides Using Formamide and Cyanuric Chloride as a New “CN” Source
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A new source of “CN” employing formamide and cyanuric chloride is introduced for the cyanation reactions. The treatment of formamide and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT; cyanuric chloride) afforded an efficient cyanating agent which it can be used as a nontoxic, readily available, and non-expensive reagent in the cyanation transformations. In this study, palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides was successfully accomplished using this new “CN” source in high yields.
- Niknam, Esmaeil,Panahi, Farhad,Khalafi-Nezhad, Ali
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p. 2699 - 2707
(2020/04/08)
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- Palladium-catalyzed C-H bond activation for the assembly of: N -aryl carbazoles with aromatic amines as nitrogen sources
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A convenient and efficient palladium-catalyzed C-H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazole is reported, in which two C-N bonds were formed under one set of conditions. The desired carbazoles were achieved in decent yields with a wide substrate scope by utilizing readily available 2-iodo biphenyls and aromatic amines as starting materials.
- Liu, Xiaobing,Sheng, Heyun,Zhou, Yao,Song, Qiuling
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supporting information
p. 1665 - 1668
(2020/02/18)
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- 9-Aryl-3-aminocarbazole as an Environment- and Stimuli-Sensitive Fluorogen and Applications in Lipid Droplet Imaging
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Environment-sensitive luminophoric molecules have played an important role in the fields of smart materials, sensing, and bioimaging. In this study, it was demonstrated that depending on the substituents, 9-aryl-3-aminocarbazoles can display aggregation-induced emission and solvatofluorochromism, and the operating mechanism was clarified. The application of these compounds to lipid droplet imaging and fluorescent probes for cysteamine was demonstrated.
- Matsubara, Ryosuke,Kaiba, Tomoaki,Nakata, Akito,Yabuta, Tatsushi,Hayashi, Masahiko,Tsubaki, Motonari,Uchino, Takashi,Chatani, Eri
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p. 5535 - 5547
(2019/05/10)
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- Cyanophenylcarbazole isomers exhibiting different UV and visible light excitable room temperature phosphorescence
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Pure organic luminophores with room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have been attracting much attention due to their potential applications and academic importance. The development of such materials with visible light-excitability and the understanding of the structure-property relationship are highly desirable. In the current work, the five structural isomers of cyano-substituted phenylcarbazoles with cyano at the para-, meta-, and ortho-position of the phenyl ring (PCN, MCN and OCN) and the 2- and 3-position of the carbazole ring (2CN, 3CN) are systematically designed and synthesized. These crystals all have RTP activity under 365 nm UV and 400-460 nm visible light excitation but exhibit different RTP intensities and lifetimes. The crystal packing analysis and quantum chemical calculations as well as low temperature phosphorescence measurements indicate that cyano substitution can greatly enhance intermolecular CH?N and CH?π interactions and increase inter-system crossing probability, but the structural isomerism can significantly affect the oxygen quenching effect on RTP. Moreover, 2CN and 3CN crystals with H-aggregation are more favorable for the visible-light excitable RTP. These findings indicate that structural isomerism can tune the crystal packing modes and the visible-light excitable RTP as well as the existence of the direct triplet state population from the ground state.
- Wang, Yanhui,Zhang, Zhenzhen,Liu, Linxi,Yuan, Shou,Ma, Jie,Liu, Danfeng,Xue, Shanfeng,Sun, Qikun,Yang, Wenjun
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supporting information
p. 9671 - 9677
(2019/08/20)
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- Nondoped deep-blue fluorescent organic electroluminescent device with CIEy = 0.06 and low efficiency roll-off based on carbazole/oxadiazole derivatives
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Deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the Commission Internationale de L'e’clairage (CIE) coordinates matching the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) standard blue CIE (x, y) coordinates of (0.15, 0.06) are very limited and in enormous deman
- Tan, Yu,Wang, Zhende,Wei, Chen,Liu, Zhiwei,Bian, Zuqiang,Huang, Chunhui
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- Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation of Boronic Acid with Aryl Azide
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A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation of boronic acid with aryl azide to obtain unsymmetric carbazoles, 1H-indoles, or indolines has been developed. The reaction constructs dual distinct C-N bonds via sp2/sp3 C-H activation and rhodium nitrene insertion. Synthetically, this approach represents an access to widely used carbazole derivatives. The practical application to CBP and unsymmetric TCTA derivatives has also been performed. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations demonstrate that a five-membered rhodacycle species is the key intermediate.
- Xu, Shiyang,Huang, Baoliang,Qiao, Guanyu,Huang, Ziyue,Zhang, Zhen,Li, Zongyang,Wang, Peng,Zhang, Zhenhua
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p. 5578 - 5582
(2018/09/25)
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- Organic compound with long afterglow effect as well as preparation method and application of organic compound
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The invention discloses an organic compound with a long afterglow effect as well as a preparation method and application of the organic compound. The organic compound has a structural formula as follows: the formula is shown in the description; 9-phenylcarbazole with n-pi* is used as a basic unit, and a meta-position and a para-position of phenyl are modified; after modification, different 9-phenylcarbazole derivatives are obtained; a test shows that the fluorescence lifetime of the compound can reach 100ms or more. The compound provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple synthesis method, easiness of being purified, adjustable luminescent spectrum, flexibility, no need of doping inorganic rare-earth materials, cheap price, low toxicity and the like, and can be widely to various fields including biological imaging, disease diagnosis, optical counterfeiting prevention and the like.
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Paragraph 008; 0049; 0050; 0051
(2017/07/21)
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- DIALKYL[2-(PYRENYL)PHENYL]PHOSPHINE, AND CATALYST COMPRISING PALLADIUM COMPOUND AND THE SAME
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a catalyst which comprises a palladium compound and [2-(pyrenyl)phenyl]phosphine. SOLUTION: The invention uses as a catalyst a complex compound which comprises a palladium compound and [2-(pyrenyl)phenyl]phosphine represen
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Paragraph 0040
(2017/08/16)
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- Azacycle-containing compound and organic electroluminescence device thereof
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The invention provides an azacycle-containing organic electroluminescence compound. The compound is relatively high in heat stability, high in luminous efficiency and high in photoluminescent purity, can be used for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device, and is applied to the fields of organic solar batteries, organic thin film transistors or organic photoreceptors. The invention further provides the organic electroluminescence device. The organic electroluminescence device comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an organic layer, wherein the organic layer comprises at least one of a luminous layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transmission layer, a hole barrier layer, an electronic injection layer and an electronic transmission layer; at least one layer in the organic layer comprises the compound with the structural formula I or II.
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Paragraph 0056; 0057; 0058
(2017/08/29)
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- One-pot synthesis of amidoxime via Pd-catalyzed cyanation and amidoximation
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A novel "one-pot" reaction was developed for the synthesis of aryl or heteroaryl-substituted amidoxime compounds containing various functional groups. Fluorescence titration experiments coupled with theoretical analysis revealed that the steric hindrance and electronic effects of substituents influence the binding ability of the amidoxime compounds to uranyl ions. This journal is
- Yang, Chu-Ting,Han, Jun,Liu, Jun,Gu, Mei,Li, Yi,Wen, Jun,Yu, Hai-Zhu,Hu, Sheng,Wang, Xiaolin
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supporting information
p. 2541 - 2545
(2015/04/14)
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- Magnetically retrievable lepidocrocite supported copper oxide nanocatalyst (Fe-CuO) for N-arylation of imidazole
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A simple and efficient lepidocrocite-supported copper oxide catalyst (Fe-CuO) has been successfully prepared by a simple precipitation method in aqueous medium from readily available inexpensive starting materials and was used as a heterogeneous nanocatal
- Sivakami,Babu, S. Ganesh,Dhanuskodi,Karvembu
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p. 8571 - 8578
(2015/03/03)
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- A tuned bicyclic proazaphosphatrane for catalytically enhanced n-arylation reactions with aryl chlorides
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The N-arylation of various amines with aryl chlorides proceeded in good-to-excellent yields in the presence of P[N{(p-NMe2)C6H4CH2}CH2CH2]3N (1e, a new electron-rich proazaphosphatrane ligand) and small amounts of Pd2(dba)3 (dba = dibenzylideneacetone). This catalytic system was also very effective for the synthesis of carbazoles. An efficient palladium-catalyzed N-arylation reaction of amines under mild conditions with a tuned bicyclic proazaphosphatrane has been developed.
- Kim, So Han,Kim, Min,Verkade, John G.,Kim, Youngjo
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p. 1954 - 1960
(2015/03/18)
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- Visible Light-Mediated Ullmann-Type C-N Coupling Reactions of Carbazole Derivatives and Aryl Iodides
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The combined use of an iridium-based photocatalyst and a copper salt under blue light emitting diode irradiation enables the Ullmann-type C-N cross-coupling reaction between carbazole derivatives and aryl iodides to proceed under mild conditions.
- Yoo, Woo-Jin,Tsukamoto, Tatsuhiro,Kobayashi, Shu
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supporting information
p. 3640 - 3642
(2015/07/28)
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- An Efficient Synthesis of N-(Hetero)arylcarbazoles: Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction between (Hetero)aryl Chlorides and N-Carbazolylmagnesium Chloride
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An efficient method for the synthesis of N-(hetero)arylcarbazoles, useful compounds for functional materials, is reported. Various (hetero)aryl chlorides reacted with N-carbazolylmagnesium chloride in the presence of a palladium catalyst (0.05 to 0.2 mol%) prepared from allylpalladium(II) chloride dimer {[PdCl(allyl)]2} and di-tert-butyl(2,2-diphenyl-1-methylcyclopropan-1-yl)phosphine (cBRIDP) under mild conditions (110°C) in a short period of time (15 min to 2 h) to give N-(hetero)arylcarbazoles in high yields. The reactions of bromochlorobenzenes proceeded in favour of the bromo group to afford N-(chlorophenyl)carbazoles in a highly selective manner. Functional materials for use in organic light-emitting diodes, such as mCP, 26mcPy, CBP and TCB, were also obtained in high yields within 15 min by the reaction of (hetero)aryl polyhalides. Optimization of the reaction conditions and a postulated catalytic cycle for the reaction are also discussed.
- Nakayama, Yuji,Yokoyama, Naota,Nara, Hideki,Kobayashi, Tohru,Fujiwhara, Mitsuhiko
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supporting information
p. 2322 - 2330
(2015/07/27)
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- Novel Tailor-made Hole-Conducting Coadsorbents for Highly Efficient Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
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future quality hole customized dye the present invention refers to a carbazole derivatives, including use as public absorption body thereof efficiency relates to dye-sensitized solar cell.
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Paragraph 0111-0114
(2018/11/22)
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- Electrosynthesis and electrochromic properties of poly(amide-triarylamine)s containing triptycene units
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Four bis(amide-triarylamine) derivatives featuring a triptycene as an interior core and terminal electroactive triphenylamine (TPA) or N-phenylcarbazole (NPC) groups were prepared by the condensation reactions from 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)triptycene with 4-carboxytriphenylamine and N-(4-carboxyphenyl)carbazole, respectively, and from 1,4-bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)triptycene with 4-aminotriphenylamine and N-(4-aminophenyl)carbazole, respectively. The electrochemistry and electropolymerization of these bis(amide-triarylamine) derivatives were investigated. The stability of the oxidized forms of the bis(amide-triarylamine)s is affected by the orientation of amide linkage and the structure of terminal triarylamine unit. Two of the bis(amide-triarylamine)s could be electropolymerized into robust films on the electrode surface in an electrolyte solution. The electrogenerated polymer films exhibited reversible electrochemical oxidation processes and strong color changes upon electro-oxidation, which can be switched by potential modulation. The electrochromic properties of the films were evaluated by the spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic switching studies. The TPA-based film showed better electrochromic performance than the NPC-based one.
- Hsiao, Sheng-Huei,Chiu, Yu-Ting
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p. 90941 - 90951
(2015/11/11)
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- Synthesis and optical properties of novel fluorescence-traced benzimidazolium bromides
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Seven novel fluorescence-traced 1-aryl-2-substituted-3-allyl-1H- benzimidazolium bromides (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g) were synthesized by alkylation and quaternization of compounds 1-aryl-2-substituted-1H- benzimidazoles (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g) with excess allyl bromide in acetonitrile at refluxing temperature. Their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. They emit violet-blue light (λEmmax = 386-438 nm) with fluorescence quantum yields of 0.54 to 0.75 in aqueous solution.
- Shi, Hong,Wu, Tao,Jiang, Peng,Jin, Xiaodong,Zhu, Hongjun
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- Compounds having hole conducting property, co-adsorbent body comprising same, and dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the co-adsorbent body
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An object of the present invention is to provide a novel concept coadsorbent that can be used instead of conventionally-used deoxycholic acid (DCA). The present invention provides a coadsorbent having hole conduction characteristics, including the compound represented by Formula 3, and provides a dye-sensitized solar cell including a light absorbing layer including the coadsorbent having hole conduction characteristics. The photocurrent and photovoltage of the dye-sensitized solar cell can be improved because it includes a light absorbing layer including the coadsorbent having hole conduction characteristics.
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Paragraph 0037; 0045; 0080; 0081; 0127; 0128 0161; 0162
(2014/04/04)
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- Synthesis, characterization, optical properties and theoretical calculations of blue light-emitting 1-alkyl-2-substituted benzimidazoles
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A series of novel blue light-emitting 1-alkyl-2-substituted benzimidazoles (4a-4g) were synthesized by reactions of the 2-substituted benzimidazoles (3a-3e) with ethyl bromide or n-butyl bromide as electrophilic reagent. Compounds 3a, 3c, 3e were synthesized by the condensation of 1a-1c with 1,2-diamino benzene o-phenylene diamine using air as oxidizing agent and compounds 3b, 3d were synthesized by the condensation of 2d-2e with 1,2-diamino benzene o-phenylene diamine using phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid as catalyst. Their optical properties were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques in solution. They emit violetblue light (lEm max = 380-440 nm) with fluorescence quantum yields of 0.43 to 0.92 while diluted in acetonitrile solution. In order to find the relationship between the structures and properties of compounds 4a-4g, theoretical calculations using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31g*level were also studied.
- Shi, Hong,Wu, Tao,Jiang, Peng,Jin, Xiao-Dong,Zhu, Hong-Jun
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p. 4481 - 4486
(2013/07/25)
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- A versatile approach to ullmann C-N couplings at room temperature: New families of nucleophiles and electrophiles for photoinduced, copper-catalyzed processes
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The use of light to facilitate copper-catalyzed cross-couplings of nitrogen nucleophiles can enable C-N bond formation to occur under unusually mild conditions. In this study, we substantially expand the scope of such processes, establishing that this approach is not limited to reactions of carbazoles with iodobenzene and alkyl halides. Specifically, we demonstrate for the first time that other nitrogen nucleophiles (e.g., common pharmacophores such as indoles, benzimidazoles, and imidazoles) as well as other electrophiles (e.g., hindered/deactivated/heterocyclic aryl iodides, an aryl bromide, an activated aryl chloride, alkenyl halides, and an alkynyl bromide) serve as suitable partners. Photoinduced C-N bond formation can be achieved at room temperature using a common procedure with an inexpensive catalyst (CuI) that does not require a ligand coadditive and is tolerant of moisture and a variety of functional groups.
- Ziegler, Daniel T.,Choi, Junwon,Munoz-Molina, Jose Maria,Bissember, Alex C.,Peters, Jonas C.,Fu, Gregory C.
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supporting information
p. 13107 - 13112
(2013/09/24)
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- Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of N-arylated carbazoles using anilines and cyclic diaryliodonium salts
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The direct synthesis of N-arylated carbazoles through a palladium-catalyzed amination of cyclic iodonium salts with anilines is described. In particular, electron-poor aniline derivatives reacted smoothly with only 5 mol % of Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst to give the desired products in up to 71% yield. Furthermore, the reactivity of cyclic iodonium salts is compared with the reactivity of the corresponding cyclic bromonium analogues.
- Riedmueller, Stefan,Nachtsheim, Boris J.
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p. 1202 - 1209
(2013/07/26)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING N-(HETERO)ARYLAZOLES
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The present invention provides a process for effectively producing an N-(hetero)arylazole with high yield, which is useful as a medical or agrochemical product, an organic photoconductor material, an organic electroluminescent element material, or the like. The present invention relates to a process for producing an N-(hetero)arylazole, which includes reacting a (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halide with an NH-azole in the presence of: a catalyst including a palladium compound and a coordination compound; and a basic magnesium compound.
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Page/Page column 36; 37
(2013/03/28)
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- Photoinduced ullmann C-N coupling: Demonstrating the viability of a radical pathway
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Carbon - nitrogen (C-N) bond-forming reactions of amines with aryl halides to generate arylamines (anilines), mediated by a stoichiometric copper reagent at elevated temperature (>180°C), were first described by Ullmann in 1903. In the intervening century, this and related C-N bond-forming processes have emerged as powerful tools for organic synthesis. Here, we report that Ullmann C-N coupling can be photoinduced by using a stoichiometric or a catalytic amount of copper, which enables the reaction to proceed under unusually mild conditions (room temperature or even -40°C). An array of data are consistent with a single-electron transfer mechanism, representing the most substantial experimental support to date for the viability of this pathway for Ullmann C-N couplings.
- Creutz, Sidney E.,Lotito, Kenneth J.,Fu, Gregory C.,Peters, Jonas C.
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p. 647 - 651
(2013/01/15)
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- A desirable hole-conducting coadsorbent for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells through an organic redox cascade strategy
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Under the sun! A new low-molecular-weight and multiple-functional coadsorbent (HC-A) for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells has been developed. The NKX2677/HC-A-sensitized solar cell exhibited remarkably enhanced conversion efficiency by a factor
- Song, Bok Joo,Song, Hae Min,Choi, In Taek,Kim, Sang Kyun,Seo, Kang Duk,Kang, Min Soo,Lee, Myung Jun,Cho, Dae Won,Ju, Myung Jong,Kim, Hwan Kyu
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 11115 - 11121
(2011/11/07)
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- A new hybrid phosphine ligand for palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl halides
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A new hybrid phosphine was designed. The phosphine combines two common structural characteristics found among the effective phosphine ligands reported recently, namely, three tert-alkyl substituents binding to the phosphorus and an aryl group at an appropriate position. A hybrid phospine/palladium system is versatile and effective for the coupling reaction of various aryl halides with primary and secondary amines including carbazole.
- Suzuki, Ken,Hori, Yoji,Kobayashi, Tohru
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experimental part
p. 652 - 656
(2009/05/07)
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