- A Novel Biphenyl-based Chemotype of Retinoid X Receptor Ligands Enables Subtype and Heterodimer Preferences
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The nuclear retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are key ligand sensing transcription factors that serve as universal nuclear receptor heterodimer partners and are thus involved in numerous physiological processes. Therapeutic targeting of RXRs holds high potential but available RXR activators suffer from limited safety. Selectivity for RXR subtypes or for certain RXR heterodimers are promising strategies for safer RXR modulation. Here, we report systematic structure-activity relationship studies on biphenyl carboxylates as new RXR ligand chemotype. We discovered specific structural modifications that enhance potency on RXRs, govern subtype preference, and vary modulation of different RXR heterodimers. Fusion of these structural motifs enabled specific tuning of subtype preferential profiles with markedly improved potency. Our results provide further evidence that RXR subtype selective ligands can be designed and present a novel chemotype of RXR modulators that can be tuned for subtype and heterodimer preferences.
- Pollinger, Julius,Schierle, Simone,Gellrich, Leonie,Ohrndorf, Julia,Kaiser, Astrid,Heitel, Pascal,Chaikuad, Apirat,Knapp, Stefan,Merk, Daniel
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supporting information
p. 1346 - 1352
(2019/09/12)
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- Synthesis and study of the catalytic applications in C–C coupling reactions of hybrid nanosystems based on alumina and palladium nanoparticles
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Nanostructured alumina has been treated under mild conditions with different quantities of [PdCl2(cod)] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) to promote the formation of supported palladium nanoparticles which have been characterized by XRD, XRF, BET and TEM. The results show that the new hybrid materials, nano-Al2O3-Pd-20 and nano-Al2O3-Pd-50, consist of impregnated palladium nanoparticles onto aggregates of nanoparticles of alumina. The catalytic activity of the hybrid Pd-alumina materials has been tested in Suzuki–Miyaura C–C coupling reactions observing good conversion rates in the reactions of 3-bromoanisole with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid or 4-vinylphenylboronic acid. The catalytic studies have been extended with experiments investigating the Pd loading influence. Catalyst recyclability tests show a slight decrease in activity after the first cycle in the reaction of 3-bromoanisole with 4-vinylphenylboronic acid. However, subsequent activity remains almost constant after five more consecutive catalytic cycles.
- Hossain, Abul Monsur Showkot,Balbín, Adriana,Erami, Roghayeh Sadeghi,Prashar, Sanjiv,Fajardo, Mariano,Gómez-Ruiz, Santiago
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p. 645 - 652
(2016/12/09)
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- Poly(: O -aminothiophenol)-stabilized Pd nanoparticles as efficient heterogenous catalysts for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions
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Poly(o-aminothiophenol) (PATP)-stabilized Pd nanoparticles with Pd nanoparticles embedded in a polymer matrix have been obtained through a facile one-step route by mixing o-aminothiophenol monomer and Pd(NO3)2 in an acidic aqueous solution without additional template or surfactant. The redox reaction between o-aminothiophenol and Pd(NO3)2 leads to the simultaneous formation of a PATP polymer and Pd nanoparticles. The PATP-stabilized Pd nanoparticles have been characterized by TEM, FTIR, XRD, ICP-MS and XPS. Catalytic results showed that PATP-stabilized Pd nanoparticles were highly stable and active catalysts for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, where high yields could be achieved with arylboronic acid and aryl halides bearing a variety of substituents.
- Chen, Yuan,Wang, Minggui,Zhang, Long,Liu, Yan,Han, Jie
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p. 47104 - 47110
(2017/10/16)
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- Dual application of Pd nanoparticles supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 and MSU-2: Supported catalysts for C-C coupling reactions and cytotoxic agents against human cancer cell lines
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Two different mesoporous silica-based materials (SBA-15 and MSU-2) have been treated under mild conditions with different quantities of [PdCl2(cod)] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) to promote the formation of supported palladium nanoparticles (materials of the type SBA-15-Pd and MSU-2-Pd). The synthesized materials have been characterized by different techniques observing that the palladium nanoparticles remain impregnated in the silica. The catalytic activity of the hybrid Pd-silica materials has been tested in Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling reactions observing moderate conversion rates in the reactions of 3-bromoanisole with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid and 2-bromopyridine with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid. In addition, the synthesized materials showed a good degree of recyclability, being catalytically active in five consecutive catalytic tests. Finally, in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the synthesized materials, in vitro tests against five different human cancer cell lines have been carried out, observing high cytotoxic activities of the hybrid systems comparable if not somewhat higher to other systems based on metal complexes supported on mesoporous silicas described previously in the literature. To the best of our knowledge the cytotoxic study reported here represents the first evaluation of the anticancer action of supported palladium nanoparticles in human cancer cells.
- Balbn, Adriana,Gaballo, Francesco,Ceballos-Torres, Jess,Prashar, Sanjiv,Fajardo, Mariano,Kaluderovi, Goran N.,Gmez-Ruiz, Santiago
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p. 54775 - 54787
(2015/02/02)
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- Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of arylsiloxanes with aryl halides: Application to solid-supported organic synthesis
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The solid-phase version of the Pd-catalyzed Hiyama reaction between a variety of aryltriethoxysilanes and immobilized aryl halides was developed. Smooth cross-coupling was achieved to afford the corresponding biaryl products in moderate to excellent yields. The described protocol would be particularly useful for the construction of 4′-substituted 1,1′-biphenyl derivatives.
- Traficante, Carla I.,Delpiccolo, Carina M. L.,Mata, Ernesto G.
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supporting information
p. 211 - 214
(2014/06/09)
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- MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN PHOSPHATASE INHIBITORS
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Novel myosin light chain phosphatase inhibitors, compositions containing them, methods of making and using them, and methods of using fluorescent myosin light chain phosphatase inhibitors are described.
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Page/Page column 50
(2009/12/27)
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- Microwave-assisted Negishi and Kumada cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides
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Rapid Pd or Ni-catalyzed microwave-accelerated Negishi and Kumada cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides in solution and on solid phase are reported.
- Walla, Peter,Kappe, C. Oliver
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p. 564 - 565
(2007/10/03)
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- Identification and initial structure-activity relationships of a novel class of nonpeptide inhibitors of blood coagulation factor Xa
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The discovery and some of the basic structure-activity relationships of a series of novel nonpeptide inhibitors of blood coagulation Factor Xa is described. These inhibitors are functionalized β-alanines, exemplified by 2a. Docking experiments placing 2a in the active site of Factor Xa implied that the most expeditious route to enhancing in vitro potency was to modify the group occupying the S3 site of the enzyme. Increasing the hydrophobic contacts between the inhibitor and the enzyme in this region led to 8, which has served as the prototype for this series. In addition, an enantioselective synthesis of these substituted β-alanines was also developed.
- Klein, Scott I.,Czekaj, Mark,Gardner, Charles J.,Guertin, Kevin R.,Cheney, Daniel L.,Spada, Alfred P.,Bolton, Scott A.,Brown, Karen,Colussi, Dennis,Heran, Christopher L.,Morgan, Suzanne R.,Leadley, Robert J.,Dunwiddie, Christopher T.,Perrone, Mark H.,Chu, Valeria
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p. 437 - 450
(2007/10/03)
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- The Effects of Substituents on the Rate of Saponification of Biphenyl-4-carboxylates
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Second-order rate constants have been measured for the saponification of methyl 2'-, 3'-, and 4'-substituted biphenyl-4-carboxylates at several temperatures in 85percent (w/w) methanol-water and activation parameters have been calculated.The Hammett equation applies very well to the saponification of 3'- and 4'-substituted biphenyl-4-carboxylates with ?-constants evaluated by the FMMF method.The effect of 2'-substituents is understandable in terms of ?-electron steric effects.
- Ananthakrishnanadar, Ponnambalanad.,Kannan, Nagarathnam
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