- Discovery of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors for treating COVID-19
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The epidemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread worldwide and efficacious therapeutics are urgently needed. 3-Chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) is an indispensable protein in viral replication and represents an attractive drug target for fighting COVID-19. Herein, we report the discovery of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives as non-peptidomimetic and non-covalent inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. The structure-activity relationships of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes as SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors have carefully been investigated and discussed in this study. Among all tested 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, C1 and C2 display the most potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibition activity, with IC50 values of 1.55 ± 0.21 μM and 1.81 ± 0.17 μM, respectively. Further enzyme kinetics assays show that these two compounds dose-dependently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro via a mixed-inhibition manner. Molecular docking simulations reveal the binding modes of C1 in the dimer interface and substrate-binding pocket of the target. In addition, C1 shows outstanding metabolic stability in the gastrointestinal tract, human plasma, and human liver microsome, suggesting that this agent has the potential to be developed as an orally administrated SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitor.
- Zhang, Jian-Wei,Xiong, Yuan,Wang, Feng,Zhang, Fu-Mao,Yang, Xiaodi,Lin, Guo-Qiang,Tian, Ping,Ge, Guangbo,Gao, Dingding
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- Compound, light extraction material and organic electroluminescent device
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The present application provides a compound of general formula (I), and the compound can be used in light extraction materials. Pyridine and connected aromatic groups in the parent nucleus structure of the compound have good planarity, and the compound ca
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Paragraph 0136-0138; 0142-0144; 0148-0150
(2021/06/13)
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- Compound, electron transport material and organic electroluminescent device
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The present application provides a compound of general formula (I), which can be used in an electron transport material. The compound is high in bond energy among atoms, good in thermal stability, beneficial to solid-state accumulation among molecules, hi
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Paragraph 0108-0110; 0117-0119; 0126-0128; 0134-0136"...
(2021/08/19)
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- Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reductive Cleavage of Unstrained Aryl-Aryl Bonds: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study
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Cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds has been found in some important industrial processes, for example, petroleum cracking, and has inspired development of numerous synthetic methods. However, nonpolar unstrained C(aryl)-C(aryl) bonds remain one of the toughest bonds to be activated. As a detailed study of a fundamental reaction mode, here a full story is described about our development of a Ru-catalyzed reductive cleavage of unstrained C(aryl)-C(aryl) bonds. A wide range of biaryl compounds that contain directing groups (DGs) at 2,2′ positions can serve as effective substrates. Various heterocycles, such as pyridine, quinoline, pyrimidine, and pyrazole, can be employed as DGs. Besides hydrogen gas, other reagents, such as Hantzsch ester, silanes, and alcohols, can be employed as terminal reductants. The reaction is pH neutral and free of oxidants; thus a number of functional groups are tolerated. Notably, a one-pot C-C activation/C-C coupling has been realized. Computational and experimental mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves a ruthenium(II) monohydride-mediated C(aryl)-C(aryl) activation and the resting state of the catalyst is a η4-coordinated ruthenium(II) dichloride complex, which could inspire development of other transformations based on this reaction mode.
- Zhu, Jun,Chen, Peng-hao,Lu, Gang,Liu, Peng,Dong, Guangbin
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supporting information
p. 18630 - 18640
(2019/11/21)
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- Transition-Metal-Free Desulfinative Cross-Coupling of Heteroaryl Sulfinates with Grignard Reagents
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A mild cross-coupling reaction of heteroaryl sulfinates with Grignard reagents has been developed under transition-metal-free conditions. This study provides an example of the SO22- as a leaving group in an aromatic system and an effective methodology for the construction of C-C bond.
- Wei, Jun,Liang, Huamin,Ni, Chuanfa,Sheng, Rong,Hu, Jinbo
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supporting information
(2019/02/05)
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- Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Arylboronic Esters and Aryl Halides
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An efficient cobalt catalyst system for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of arylboronic esters and aryl halides has been identified. In the presence of cobalt(II)/terpyridine catalyst and potassium methoxide, a diverse array of (hetero)biaryls have been prepared in moderate to excellent yields.
- Duong, Hung A.,Wu, Wenqin,Teo, Yu-Yuan
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supporting information
p. 4363 - 4366
(2017/12/05)
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- Preparation method for biaryl compound
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The invention provides a preparation method for a biaryl compound. The preparation method comprises the step of performing cross coupling reaction on a substrate A and an organic zinc reagent B under a catalytic effect of a catalyst, thereby acquiring the biaryl compound, wherein a chemical structure of the substrate A is shown in the description; the organic zinc reagent B has the chemical structure shown in the description; and the catalyst is one or more of nickel salt, copper salt and cobalt salt. Compared with the other noble metal catalysts, such as, metal palladium catalyst, the catalyst adopting nickel salt, copper salt or cobalt salt is low in cost, so that the reaction cost of the biaryl compound is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the aryl sulphonate or aryl halide shown as the substrate A has an excellent electrophilic property, is an electrophilic reagent with an excellent property and has the advantages of easiness in preparation, low cost, high activity and high stability. The substrate A and the organic zinc reagent B have cross coupling reaction under the effect of nickel salt, copper salt or cobalt salt so as to generate the biaryl compound and the reaction yield is higher.
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Paragraph 0075-0077
(2017/07/20)
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- Synthesis of zwitterionic palladium complexes and their application as catalysts in cross-coupling reactions of aryl, heteroaryl and benzyl bromides with organoboron reagents in neat water
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N-(3-Chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)-N′-arylimidazolium salts (aryl = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl [HL1Cl]Cl, aryl = mesityl [HL2Cl]Cl) have been synthesized by treating 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline with the corresponding N′-arylimidazole in neat water. Facile reactions of these imidazolium salts with Pd(PPh3)4 and Pd2(dba)3/PPh3 (dba = dibenzyledene acetone) at 50 °C have afforded zwitterionic palladium(ii) complexes [Pd(HL1)(PPh3)Cl2] (I) and [Pd(HL2)(PPh3)Cl2] (II) in excellent yields. I and II have been tested for their ability to catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling (SMC) reactions in neat water/K2CO3 and are found to be highly active for carrying out these reactions between aryl bromides and organoboron reagents. Furthermore, the scope of the catalyst I was also examined by employing (hetero)aryl bromides, hydrophilic aryl bromides, benzyl bromides and various organoboron reagents. More than 80 aryl/benzyl bromide-arylboronic acid combinations were screened in neat water/K2CO3 and it was found that I was a versatile catalyst, which produced biaryls/diarylmethanes in excellent yields. A TON of 82 000 was achieved by using I. Studies on the mechanism have also been carried out to investigate the involvement of carbene complexes in the catalytic path. Poison tests and a two-phase test were also conducted and the results are reported.
- Ramakrishna,Dastagiri Reddy
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supporting information
p. 8598 - 8610
(2017/07/12)
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- Ru-Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Hydroxymethylation of (Hetero)Arenes via C-H Activation
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An efficient and direct ruthenium-catalyzed regioselective hydroxymethylation of (hetero)arenes via C-H activation with paraformaldehyde as a hydroxymethylating reagent is described. The corresponding products can be obtained in good to excellent yield. A number of aryl aldehydes can also be used in place of paraformaldehyde giving the desired alcohol products with similarly good results.
- Zhang, Guo-Fu,Li, Yue,Xie, Xiao-Qiang,Ding, Cheng-Rong
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supporting information
p. 1216 - 1219
(2017/03/14)
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- Pd(II)-catalyzed monoarylation of 2-phenylpyridine N-oxide with iodobenzene in water
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A Pd(II)-catalyzed activation and arylation of C(sp2)–H bond directed by pyridine N-oxide in water is achieved with high regioselectivity to form monoarylated products in yields up to 91%. The wide substrate scope highlights the flexibility of the catalyst. The reaction mechanism was proposed and the application of this method was taken as an example by the synthesis of COX-2 inhibitor analog.
- Zhang, Wei,Li, Zhengkai,Zhang, Yihan,Yang, Li,Zhou, Xiangge
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supporting information
p. 793 - 802
(2017/04/06)
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- Ruthenium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C?H Mono- and Difluoromethylation of Arenes through ortho-Metalation Strategy
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The first example for the ruthenium-catalyzed ligand-directed meta-selective C?H mono- and difluoromethylation is developed, affording a variety of new meta-mono- and difluoromethylated 2-phenylpyridines, 2-phenylpyrimidines, and 1-phenylpyrazoles in moderate-to-good yields. This new transformation exhibits broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high efficiency, and offers a practical approach to synthesize mono- and difluoromethylated arenes. Mechanistic studies indicate that a reaction pathway involving palladium-initiated radical species is involved in the catalytic cycle. The new dual catalytic system consisting of compatible ruthenium(II) and palladium(0) complexes enables the key processes of C?H activation and mono-/difluoromethyl-radical formation to occur and achieves the meta-selective functionalization efficiently. In addition, the present protocol can also be extended to non-fluoromethylation.
- Li, Zhong-Yuan,Li, Liang,Li, Qi-Li,Jing, Kun,Xu, Hui,Wang, Guan-Wu
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supporting information
p. 3285 - 3290
(2017/03/16)
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- Chemoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines from Heteroaryl Fluorosulfates
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A selection of heteroaryl fluorosulfates were readily synthesized using commercial SO2F2 gas. These substrates are highly efficient coupling partners in the Suzuki reaction. Through judicious selection of Pd catalysts the fluorosulfate functionality is differentiated from bromide and chloride; the order of reactivity being: -Br> -OSO2F> -Cl. Exploiting this trend allowed the stepwise chemoselective synthesis of a number of polysubstituted pyridines, including the drug Etoricoxib. A selection of heteroaryl fluorosulfates were readily synthesized using commercial SO2F2 gas. These substrates are highly efficient coupling partners in the Suzuki reaction. Through judicious selection of Pd catalysts the fluorosulfate functionality is differentiated from bromide and chloride; the order of reactivity being: -Br> -OSO2F> -Cl. Exploiting this trend allowed the stepwise chemoselective synthesis of a number of polysubstituted pyridines, including the drug Etoricoxib.
- Zhang, Enxuan,Tang, Jiaze,Li, Suhua,Wu, Peng,Moses, John E.,Sharpless, K. Barry
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supporting information
p. 5692 - 5697
(2016/04/20)
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- HETEROLEPTIC IRIDIUM COMPLEXES AS DOPANTS
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Novel phosphorescent heteroleptic iridium complexes with phenylpyridine and dibenzo-containing ligands are provided. Alkyl substitution at specific positions on the ligands gives rise to compounds with improved OLED properties, including saturated green emission.
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Page/Page column 91
(2016/10/27)
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- Chemoselective chromium(II)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of dichlorinated heteroaromatics with functionalized aryl Grignard reagents
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Chromium(II) chloride catalyzes the chemoselective cross-coupling reaction of dichloropyridines with a range of functionalized (hetero)aromatic Grignard reagents at room temperature. Functional groups, such as esters and acetals, are well tolerated in this transformation. Previously challenging substrates, quinolines and isoquinolines, participate in the selective Cr-catalyzed cross-coupling in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as the solvent. The effective purging of Cr salts is demonstrated by using various solid supports.
- Steib, Andreas K.,Kuzmina, Olesya M.,Fernandez, Sarah,Malhotra, Sushant,Knochel, Paul
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supporting information
p. 1961 - 1965
(2015/01/30)
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- Cross-coupling study of iodo/chloropyridines and 2-chloroquinoline with atom-economic triarylbismuth reagents under Pd-catalysis
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This study describes the palladium-catalyzed couplings of iodopyridines, chloropyridines, and chloroquinoline with atom-economic BiAr3 reagents in sub-stoichiometric loadings. Mono-arylations of iodo and chloropyridines produced arylpyridines i
- Rao, Maddali L.N.,Dhanorkar, Ritesh J.
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p. 338 - 349
(2015/03/04)
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- Iron catalyzed oxidative assembly of N-heteroaryl and aryl metal reagents using oxygen as an oxidant
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An equivalent amount of N-heteroaryl and aryl Grignard or lithium reagents, after mediation by an equivalent of titanate, was facilely coupled to furnish N-heteroaryl-aryl compounds under the catalysis of FeCl3/TMEDA at ambient temperature using oxygen as an oxidant. Most of the common N-heteroaryls were all good candidates, and thus provided a general, green and pratical protocol for the flexible construction of various N-heteroaryl-aryl structures. This journal is
- Liu, Kun Ming,Liao, Lian Yan,Duan, Xin Fang
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supporting information
p. 1124 - 1127
(2015/01/09)
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- Triarylbismuthanes as threefold aryl-transfer reagents in regioselective cross-coupling reactions with bromopyridines and quinolines
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Cross-coupling studies using bromopyridines and bromoquinolines with triarylbismuths as threefold coupling reagents in substoichiometric amounts under Pd-catalysed conditions are disclosed. The reactivity was high with both mono- and dibromopyridyl substrates, and mono- and bis-couplings were carried out regioselectively. A library of monoaryl and diaryl pyridines was formed in high yields. A one-pot strategy provided a simple and straightforward synthesis of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical diarylpyridines. Arylations of 2-bromo- and 3-bromoquinolines were achieved with triarylbismuth reagents. This study demonstrates that triarylbismuths may be used as threefold arylating reagents for the synthesis of aryl pyridines and quinolines through couplings with bromopyridines and bromoquinolines under Pd-catalysed conditions. Copyright
- Rao, Maddali L.N.,Dhanorkar, Ritesh J.
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p. 5214 - 5228
(2014/10/15)
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- Mn-catalyzed aromatic C-H alkenylation with terminal alkynes
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The first manganese-catalyzed aromatic C-H alkenylation with terminal alkynes is described. The procedure features an operationally simple catalyst system containing commercially available MnBr(CO)5 and dicyclohexylamine (Cy2NH). The reaction occurs readily in a highly chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective manner delivering anti-Markovnikov E-configured olefins in high yields. Experimental study and DFT calculations reveal that (1) the reaction is initiated by a C-H activation step via the cooperation of manganese and base; (2) manganacycle and alkynylmanganese species are the key reaction intermediates; and (3) the ligand-to-ligand H-transfer and alkynyl-assisted C-H activation are the key steps rendering the reaction catalytic in manganese.
- Zhou, Bingwei,Chen, Hui,Wang, Congyang
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p. 1264 - 1267
(2013/03/14)
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- HETEROLEPTIC IRIDIUM COMPLEXES AS DOPANTS
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Novel phosphorescent heteroleptic iridium complexes with phenylpyridine and dibenzo-containing ligands are provided. Alkyl substitution at specific positions on the ligands gives rise to compounds with improved OLED properties, including saturated green emission.
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Page/Page column
(2013/03/26)
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- Iron-mediated direct arylation with arylboronic acids through an aryl radical transfer pathway
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A novel iron-mediated direct C-H arylation of quinones and pyridine analogues with arylboronic acids has been developed using dichloromethane and water as solvents at ambient temperature. FeS is employed and serves as an efficient catalyst. A detailed reaction mechanism is speculated and expounded.
- Wang, Jian,Wang, Shan,Wang, Gao,Zhang, Ji,Yu, Xiao-Qi
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supporting information
p. 11769 - 11771
(2013/01/15)
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- Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of N-heterocyclic chlorides and bromides with arylmagnesium reagents
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A simple, practical iron salt catalyzed procedure allows fast cross-couplings of N-heterocyclic chlorides and bromides with various electron-rich and -poor arylmagnesium reagents. A solvent mixture of THF and tBuOMe is found to be essential for achieving high yields mainly by avoiding homocoupling side reactions.
- Kuzmina, Olesya M.,Steib, Andreas K.,Knochel, Paul,Flubacher, Dietmar
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supporting information
p. 4818 - 4821,4
(2012/12/12)
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- DERIVATIVES OF 7,8-DIHYDRO-1H-IMIDAZO[2,1-b]PURIN-4(5H)-ONE AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to derivatives of 7,8-dihydro-1H-imidazo[2,1-b]purin-4(5H)-one, compositions thereof and methods of use thereof for treating or preventing pain or an inflammatory disease.
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Page/Page column 62
(2011/07/09)
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- Synthesis and SAR development of novel P2X7 receptor antagonists for the treatment of pain: Part 2
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Novel P2X7 antagonists were developed using a purine scaffold. These compounds were potent and selective at the P2X7 receptor in human and rodent as well as efficacious in rodent pain models. Compound 15a was identified to have oral potency in several pain models in rodent similar to naproxen, gabapentin and pregabalin. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) development and results of pain models are presented.
- Brumfield, Stephanie,Matasi, Julius J.,Tulshian, Deen,Czarniecki, Michael,Greenlee, William,Garlisi, Charles,Qiu, Hongchen,Devito, Kristine,Chen, Shu-Cheng,Sun, Yongliang,Bertorelli, Rosalia,Ansell, Justin,Geiss, William,Le, Van-Duc,Martin, Gregory S.,Vellekoop, Samuel A.,Haber, James,Allard, Melissa L.
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scheme or table
p. 7287 - 7290
(2012/02/04)
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- Palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene an efficient catalytic system for the carbonylative cross-coupling of pyridine halides with boronic acids
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Carbonylative cross-coupling of different pyridyl halides with various boronic acids was studied using catalytic systems constituted of N-heterocyclic carbene type ligands and palladium. These systems easily obtained in situ from the corresponding imidazolium salt and palladium acetate appear more efficient toward bromopyridines than catalysts based on hindered and basic alkylphosphines such as tricyclohexylphosphine. Their higher efficiency was also evidenced by coupling using chloro- or dichloropyridines and chloroquinolines, which practically do not react with catalytic systems based on phosphines.
- Maerten, Eddy,Sauthier, Mathieu,Mortreux, André,Castanet, Yves
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p. 682 - 689
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of novel halopyridinylboronic acids and esters. Part 4: Halopyridin-2-yl-boronic acids and esters are stable, crystalline partners for classical Suzuki cross-coupling
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This paper describes some methods for the synthesis and the isolation of novel 5 or 6-halopyridin-2-yl-boronic acids and esters 3, 4, 7. These compounds are prepared via a regioselective halogen-metal exchange using n-butyllithium and subsequent quenching with triisopropylborate starting from appropriate dihalopyridines. All substrates studied to date provided a single regioisomeric boronic acid or ester product. Additionally, these compounds have been found to undergo Pd-catalysed coupling with arylhalides and authorise a strategy to produce new pyridines libraries.
- Bouillon, Alexandre,Lancelot, Jean-Charles,Santos, Jana Sopkova De Oliveira,Collot, Valérie,Bovy, Philipppe R.,Rault, Sylvain
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p. 10043 - 10049
(2007/10/03)
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- Direct Synthesis of Benzoylpyridines from Chloropyridines via a Palladium-Carbene Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction
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The use of N-heterocyclic carbene-type ligands with palladium catalysts allows the activation of chloropyridines and chloroquinoline towards carbonylative cross-coupling with phenylboronic acid for the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryl ketones.
- Maerten, Eddy,Hassouna, Fatima,Couve-Bonnaire, Samuel,Mortreux, André,Carpentier, Jean-Fran?ois,Castanet, Yves
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p. 1874 - 1876
(2007/10/03)
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- A general preparation of pyridines and pyridones via the annulation of ketones and esters
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A general preparation of pyridines 4a-f from stabilized ketones 3a-c and aryl ketones 3d-f is described. The annulation of stabilized esters 3g,h gives access to the corresponding 2-pyridones 4g,h. The annulation reactions proceed in fair to excellent yie
- Marcoux,Marcotte,Wu,Dormer,Davies,Hughes,Reider
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p. 4194 - 4199
(2007/10/03)
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- Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with π-deficient heteroaryl chlorides
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The palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with a variety of π-deficient heteroaryl chlorides proceed in high yield. [1,4-Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane]palladium(II) dichloride was found to be a very satisfactory catalyst for monocyclic heteroaryl chlorides, whereas tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) was found to be excellent for a range of chloroquinoline derivatives.
- Ali,McKillop,Mitchell,Rebelo,Wallbank
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p. 8117 - 8126
(2007/10/02)
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- COUPLING OF HETEROARYL CHLORIDES WITH ARYLBORONIC ACIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF PALLADIUM(II) DICHLORIDE
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The cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with a variety of ?-deficient heteroaryl chlorides has been shown to occur in high yield in the presence of palladium(II) dichloride as catalyst.
- Mitchell, M. B.,Wallbank, P. J.
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p. 2273 - 2276
(2007/10/02)
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