- Base-Promoted Aerobic Oxidation/Homolytic Aromatic Substitution Cascade toward the Synthesis of Phenanthridines
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The current protocol represents a transition metal-free synthesis of polysubstituted phenanthridines from abundant starting materials like benzhydrol and 2-iodoaniline derivatives. The reaction involves sequential oxidation of alcohol and direct condensation reaction with the amine resulting in a C?N bond formation followed by a radical C?C coupling in a cascade sequence. The used base potassium tert-butoxide plays a dual role in dehydrogenation and homolytic aromatic substitution reaction. Using this methodology, twenty substituted phenanthridine derivatives were synthesized with up to 85% isolated yield. (Figure presented.).
- Maiti, Debabrata,Halder, Atreyee,De Sarkar, Suman
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supporting information
p. 4941 - 4948
(2019/11/03)
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- Inexpensive NaX (X = I, Br, Cl) as a halogen donor in the practical Ag/Cu-mediated decarboxylative halogenation of aryl carboxylic acids under aerobic conditions
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Versatile and practical Ag/Cu-mediated decarboxylative halogenation between readily available aryl carboxylic acids and abundant NaX (X = I, Br, Cl) has been achieved under aerobic conditions in moderate to good yields. The halodecarboxylation is shown to be an effective strategy for S-containing heteroaromatic carboxylic acid and benzoic acids with nitro, chloro and methoxyl substituents at the ortho position. A gram-scale reaction and a three-step procedure to synthesize iniparib have been performed to evaluate the practicality of this protocol. A preliminary mechanistic investigation indicates that Cu plays a vital role and a radical pathway is involved in the transformation.
- Fu, Zhengjiang,Jiang, Ligao,Zuo, Qianming,Li, Zhaojie,Liu, Yanzhu,Wei, Zhenhong,Cai, Hu
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supporting information
p. 5416 - 5421
(2018/08/12)
-
- Discovery of Marinoquinolines as Potent and Fast-Acting Plasmodium falciparum Inhibitors with in Vivo Activity
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We report the discovery of marinoquinoline (3H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]quinoline) derivatives as new chemotypes with antiplasmodial activity. We evaluated their inhibitory activities against P. falciparum and conducted a structure-activity relationship study, focusing on improving their potency and maintaining low cytotoxicity. Next, we devised quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, which we prospectively validated, to discover new analogues with enhanced potency. The most potent compound, 50 (IC503d7 = 39 nM; IC50K1 = 41 nM), is a fast-acting inhibitor with dual-stage (blood and liver) activity. The compound showed considerable selectivity (SI > 6410), an additive effect when administered in combination with artesunate, excellent tolerability in mice (all mice survived after an oral treatment with a 1000 mg/kg dose), and oral efficacy at 50 mg/kg in a mouse model of P. berghei malaria (62% reduction in parasitemia on day 5 postinfection); thus, compound 50 was considered a lead compound for the discovery of new antimalarial agents.
- Aguiar, Anna Caroline Campos,Panciera, Michele,Simao Dos Santos, Eric Francisco,Singh, Maneesh Kumar,Garcia, Mariana Lopes,De Souza, Guilherme Eduardo,Nakabashi, Myna,Costa, José Luiz,Garcia, Célia R.S.,Oliva, Glaucius,Correia, Carlos Roque Duarte,Guido, Rafael Victorio Carvalho
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p. 5547 - 5568
(2018/06/18)
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- Synthetic method of aryl halide taking aryl carboxylic acid as raw material
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A synthetic method of an aryl halide taking aryl carboxylic acid as a raw material is characterized in that a corresponding aryl halide is formed by carrying out substitution reaction on an aryl carboxylic acid compound and haloid salt MX in an organic solvent under the condition that oxygen, a silver catalyst, a copper additive and a bidentate nitrogen ligand exist, wherein M in MX represents alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, and X represents F, Cl, Br or I. Compared with a conventional aryl halide synthetic method, the synthetic method disclosed by the invention has the obvious advantages that reaction raw materials (comprising aryl carboxylic acid and MX) are cheap and easy to obtain, the using amount of a metal catalyst is small, pollution to the environment when the oxygen is used as an oxidant is the smallest, good tolerance to various functional groups on an aromatic ring is obtained, the yield is high, and the like. The synthetic method disclosed by the invention can be widely applied to synthesis in the fields of medicine, materials, natural products and the like in industry and academia.
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Paragraph 0118
(2018/01/03)
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- A new regiospecific synthesis method of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxalines – Potential materials for organic optoelectronic devices, and a revision of an old scheme
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A series of 6-substituted-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxalines were prepared using a new synthetic pathway: reductive cyclization of appropriate 5-(o-nitrophenyl)-pyrazoles with ferrous oxalate or triphenylphosphine. The main advantage of this procedure is that, contrary to the older protocols of pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxaline synthesis, this method allows for a substituent to be introduced to the carbocyclic ring without the formation of isomers. The pyrazole ring can also be modified to some extent. Furthermore, we propose a new mechanism for the oldest reported pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxaline synthesis, based on the condensation between o-phenylenediamine and 3,4-pyrazolin-5-diones.
- Danel, Andrzej,Wojtasik, Katarzyna,Szlachcic, Pawe?,Gryl, Marlena,Stadnicka, Katarzyna
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p. 5072 - 5081
(2017/07/28)
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- Decarboxylative Halogenation and Cyanation of Electron-Deficient Aryl Carboxylic Acids via Cu Mediator as Well as Electron-Rich Ones through Pd Catalyst under Aerobic Conditions
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Simple strategies for decarboxylative functionalizations of electron-deficient benzoic acids via using Cu(I) as promoter and electron-rich ones by employing Pd(II) as catalyst under aerobic conditions have been established, which lead to smooth synthesis of aryl halides (-I, Br, and Cl) through the decarboxylative functionalization of benzoic acids with readily available halogen sources CuX (X = I, Br, Cl), and easy preparation of benzonitriles from decarboxylative cyanation of aryl carboxylic acids with nontoxic and low-cost K4Fe(CN)6 under an oxygen atmosphere for the first time.
- Fu, Zhengjiang,Li, Zhaojie,Song, Yuanyuan,Yang, Ruchun,Liu, Yanzhu,Cai, Hu
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p. 2794 - 2803
(2016/04/26)
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- Synthetic method of N-((2-(1,3-dioxo-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)-propionyl)-5-methoxy)formamide
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The invention discloses a synthetic method of N-(2-(1,3-dioxo-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-propionyl)-5-methoxy)formamide. 2-nitro-4-anisidine is taken as an initial raw material, 2-iodine-3-methoxy nitrobenzene is obtained by substitution reaction on a diazonium salt aromatic ring, and then the 2-iodine-3-methoxy nitrobenzene and propargylamine are subjected to Castro-Stephens coupling reaction, reduction reaction and acylation reaction to obtain the N-(2-(1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)-propionyl)-5-methoxy)formamide. Reaction conditions are optimized based on the prior art, and concentrated sulfuric acid replaces concentrated nitric acid; manganese dioxide solid is adopted to catalyze the reaction of propargyl bromide and phthalimide kali salt; manganous-manganic oxide is adopted as a catalyst to catalyze and promote the reaction together with triethylamine, bispalladium chloride and cuprous iodide, the reaction efficiency and yield of a final product are improved, and the industrial production and promotion of the N-(2-(1,3-dioxo-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)-propionyl)-5-methoxy)formamide are facilitated.
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-
Paragraph 0072; 0073; 0082
(2016/12/01)
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- Synthesis of Unexpected trans-meso Macrocycle from Novel Unsymmetrical Tetraphenylene
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A highly unsymmetrical trisubstituted tetraphenylene was designed and synthesized as a novel superamolecular scaffold for an unexpected trans-meso tetraphenylene macrocycle, whose structure was unequivocally characterized by an X-ray crystallographic anal
- Deng, Chun-Lin,Hau, Sam C. K.,Peng, Xiao-Shui,Wong, Henry N. C.
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supporting information
p. 2095 - 2100
(2016/08/31)
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- Using Anilines as Masked Cross-Coupling Partners: Design of a Telescoped Three-Step Flow Diazotization, Iododediazotization, Cross-Coupling Process
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The conversion of commercially available anilines into biaryl and biarylacetylene products was realized by using a telescoped, three-reactor flow diazotization/iododediazotization/cross-coupling process. The segmented flow stream created by off-gassing during the Sandmeyer sequence was restored to a continuous column of reaction solution by using a specially designed continuous-flow unit controlled by custom software created in-house. The resultant aryl iodide was then combined with a stream of cross-coupling solution that fed into the final reactor. The system proved versatile as modifications to the diazotization/iododediazotization sequence could be made rapidly to account for any substrate specificity (e.g., solubility problems), leading to a wide substrate scope of Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira cross-coupled products.
- Teci, Matthieu,Tilley, Michael,McGuire, Michael A.,Organ, Michael G.
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supporting information
p. 17407 - 17415
(2016/11/23)
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- Halogenation and DNA cleavage via thermally stable arenediazonium camphorsulfonate salts
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A series of stable arenediazonium camphorsulfonate salts (2a-2j) were synthesized by simple diazotization of several aromatic amines in the presence of sodium nitrite and camphorsulfonic acid. All the new arenediazonium camphorsulfonates, which were characterized by multinuclear (1H and 13C) NMR, IR, DSC, and X-ray diffraction analysis (2e and 2f) provide unambiguous proof for the molecular structures of 2e and 2f. The efficient application of these salts in halogenation reactions was studied in solvent and solvent-free conditions and the DNA cleavage activity was also assessed. These arenediazonium camphorsulfonate salts are noticed as efficient DNA cleaving agents.
- Vajpayee, Vaishali,Moon, Mi Eun,Lee, Sunmi,Ravikumar, Sambandam,Kim, Hyunuk,Ahn, Byungchan,Choi, Seoyoon,Hong, Soon Ho,Chi, Ki-Whan
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p. 3511 - 3517
(2013/04/23)
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- Au-catalyzed formation of functionalized quinolines from 2-alkynyl arylazide derivatives
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A new method for converting 2-alkynyl arylazide derivatives into functionalized polysubstituted quinolines following a gold-catalyzed 1,3-acetoxy shift/cyclization/1,2-group shift sequence has been developed. This transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions, is efficient, and tolerates a large variety of functional groups.
- Gronnier, Colombe,Boissonnat, Guillaume,Gagosz, Fabien
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supporting information
p. 4234 - 4237
(2013/09/12)
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- Gold-catalyzed transformation of 2-alkynyl arylazides: Efficient access to the valuable pseudoindoxyl and indolyl frameworks
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An element of surprise: A series of functionalized 2-alkynyl arylazides has beed converted into 3-substituted indoles or 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones in the presence of a gold(I) complex. Various oxygen or aryl nucleophiles can be used in this process to trap the intermediate α-imino gold carbene. The structural motifs of the products are found in a large variety of biologically active compounds and natural products. Copyright
- Wetzel, Alexander,Gagosz, Fabien
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7354 - 7358
(2011/09/16)
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- Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of new indolone N-Oxide derivatives
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A series of 66 new indolone-N-oxide derivatives was synthesized with three different methods. Compounds were evaluated for in vitro activity against CQ-sensitive (3D7), CQ-resistant (FcB1), and CQ and pyrimethamine cross-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.), aswell as for cytotoxic concentration (CC50) on MCF7 and KB human tumor cell lines. Compound 26 (5-methoxy-indolone-N-oxide analogue) had the most potent antiplasmodial activity in vitro (50 MCF7/IC50 FcB1: 14623; CC50 KB/IC50 3D7: 198823). In in vivo experiments, compound 1 (dioxymethylene derivatives of the indolone-N-oxide) showed the best antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei, 62% inhibition of the parasitaemia at 30 mg/kg/day. 2009 American Chemical Society.
- Nepveu, Fran?oise,Kim, Sothea,Boyer, Jeremie,Chatriant, Olivier,Ibrahim, Hany,Reybier, Karine,Monje, Marie-Carmen,Chevalley, Severine,Perio, Pierre,Lajoie, Barbora H.,Bouajila, Jalloul,Deharo, Eric,Sauvain, Michel,Tahar, Rachida,Basco, Leonardo,Pantaleo, Antonella,Turini, Francesco,Arese, Paolo,Valentin, Alexis,Thompson, Eloise,Vivas, Livia,Petit, Serge,Nallet, Jean-Pierre
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scheme or table
p. 699 - 714
(2010/07/09)
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- Highly stereoselective 7-endo-trig /ring contraction cascade to construct pyrrolo[1,2- a ]quinoline derivatives
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With the cooperation of Cram's phenonium ion, a novel cascade reaction was illustrated to construct pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines as a sole diastereoisomer in good to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the γ-lactam ring and electron-rich arene are important driving forces for ring contraction.
- Li, Xinyu,Li, Cheng,Zhang, Wenjing,Lu, Xiang,Han, Shiqing,Hong, Ran
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1696 - 1699
(2010/09/05)
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- QUINOXALINE COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF
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The present invention is related to quinoxaline compounds of Formula (I) in particular for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and/or inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, bacterial or viral infections, kidney diseases, platelet aggregation, cancer, transplantation, graft rejection or lung injuries.
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Page/Page column 81
(2008/12/08)
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- Synthesis of ring-A-substituted tryptophan by a palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation reaction
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Coupling of substituted o-iodoanilines with methyl (S)-2-N,N-di-tert- butoxycarbonyl-5-oxo-pentanoate, derived from glutamic acid, in DMF in the presence of palladium acetate and DABCO provides substituted tryptophans in good to excellent yields. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Jia, Yanxing,Zhu, Jieping
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p. 2469 - 2472
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel indole-based peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists: Design, SAR, structural biology, and biological activities
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The synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of novel indole derivatives as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are reported. Indole, a druglike scaffold, was studied as a core skeleton for the acidic head part of PPAR
- Mahindroo, Neeraj,Huang, Chien-Fu,Peng, Yi-Huei,Wang, Chiung-Chiu,Liao, Chun-Chen,Lien, Tzu-Wen,Chittimalla, Santhosh Kumar,Huang, Wei-Jan,Chai, Chia-Hua,Prakash, Ekambaranellore,Chen, Ching-Ping,Hsu, Tsu-An,Peng, Cheng-Hung,Lu, I-Lin,Lee, Ling-Hui,Chang, Yi-Wei,Chen, Wei-Cheng,Chou, Yu-Chen,Chen, Chiung-Tong,Goparaju, Chandra M. V.,Chen, Yuan-Shou,Lan, Shih-Jung,Yu, Ming-Chen,Chen, Xin,Chao, Yu-Sheng,Wu, Su-Ying,Hsieh, Hsing-Pang
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p. 8194 - 8208
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient asymmetric synthesis of biologically important tryptophan analogues via a palladium-mediated heteroannulation reaction
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A novel and concise synthesis of optically active tryptophan derivatives was developed via a palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation reaction of substituted o-iodoanilines with an internal alkyne. The required internal alkyne 14a or 25 was prepared in greater than 96% de via alkylation of the Schoellkopf chiral auxiliary 19 employing diphenyl phosphate as the leaving group. The Schoellkopf chiral auxiliary was chosen here for the preparation of L-tryptophans would be available from D-valine while the D-isomers required for natural product total synthesis would originate from the inexpensive L-valine (300-g scale). Applications of the palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation reaction were extended to the first asymmetric synthesis of L-isotryptophan 38 and L-benz[f]tryptophan 39. More importantly, the optically pure 6-methoxy-D-tryptophan 62 was prepared by this protocol on a large scale (>300 g). This should permit entry into many ring-A oxygenated indole alkaloids when coupled with the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction. In addition, an improved total synthesis of tryprostatin A (9a) was accomplished in 43% overall yield employing this palladium-mediated process.
- Ma,Liu,Li,Flippen-Anderson,Yu,Cook
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p. 4525 - 4542
(2007/10/03)
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- Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines
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Highly enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation (>98% ee) and Sharpless epoxidation (>90% ee) of o-nitrocinnamyl substrates lead to intermediates that can be transformed into tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. Starting materials are produced in high-yielding Heck reactions of an o-nitroaryl iodide and α-acetamidoacrylate or methyl acrylate.
- Gallou-Dagommer, Isabelle,Gastaud, Philippe,RajanBabu
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p. 2053 - 2056
(2007/10/03)
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- Consice Synthesis of CC-1065/Duocarmycin Pharmacophore Using the Intramolecular Heck Reaction
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3-Methyleneindoline derivatives were synthesized by intramolecular Heck reaction of N-allyl-2-iodoaniline derivatives in the presence of Ag2CO3.This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of the CC-1065/duocarmycin pharmacophore.
- Sakamoto, Takao,Kondo, Yoshinori,Uchiyama, Masanobu,Yamanaka, Hiroshi
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p. 1941 - 1942
(2007/10/02)
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- 2,2'-difluoro-4-alkoxy-4'-hydroxydiphenyls and their derivatives, their production process and their use in liquid crystal display devices
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The invention relates to novel compounds usable as liquid crystals in liquid crystal display devices utilizing the electrically controlled birefringence effect. These compounds comply with formula: STR1 in which R1 represents an alkoxy or alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Z represents a single bond or a radical chosen from among: STR2 provided that R1 represents an alkyl radical when Z represents a single bond and R2 represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms. They can be obtained by reacting an acid chloride of formula R1 --z--COCL with a 2,2'-difluoro-4-alkoxy-4'-hydroxydiphenyl of formula: STR3
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