59-46-1

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Pt-nanoparticles supported on halloysite-nanotubes (HNTs) were selectively deposited onto the inner (Pt(IN)/HNT) or outer (Pt(OUT)/HNT) surface of the support to evaluate their operational stability on the cleaner and efficient hydrogenation of nitro compounds to produce their corresponding anilines. The formation of Pt0-aggregates on the inner or outer surfaces was observed, with mean particles sizes of 2.4–2.9 nm. The catalysts were evaluated using ethanol as solvent and nitrobenzene as a model substrate at a temperature of 298 K, under 1 bar of H2 pressure. The Pt(IN)/HNT catalyst showed better catalytic performance than Pt(OUT)/HNT, which was mainly attributed to the confinement effect of the Pt-nanoparticles inside the HNTs. However, the operational stability showed that Pt(OUT)/HNT retained its catalytic performance after 15 cycles, while the Pt(IN)/HNT catalyst suffered deactivation after the 5th cycle. The best catalytic system showed a moderate-to-high efficiency in the efficient hydrogenation of 7 nitro compounds used to produce their corresponding anilines, which are important pharmaceutical building blocks.

The present disclosure provides ammonium compounds, e.g., compounds according to Formula I as set forth herein, which are useful as antimicrobial agents. Methods for the treatment of bacterial infections and associated conditions, e.g., gastrointestinal conditions, are also described, as well as methods for altering the microbiome of subjects such as humans.

Augmenting the modified naturally occurring clay clinochlore with ppm amounts of palladium leads to a new and very effective reagent for the reduction of numerous aromatic nitro species. When palladium nanoparticles are supported on pyridyltriazole-modified clinochlore, iron within clinochlore acts synergistically with palladium to catalyze the reduction of a wide variety of nitroarenes at room temperature in aqueous media. Based on E-factor calculations, the catalyst system is found to be in line with green chemistry standards and can be recycled up to five times.

Efficient and selective aerobic oxidation of nitro-substituted alkylarenes to functional compounds is a fundamental process that remains a challenge. Here, we report a metal-free, efficient, and practical approach for the direct and selective aerobic oxidation of nitro-substituted alkylarenes to carboxylic acids or benzyl alcohols. This sustainable system uses O2 as clean oxidant in a cheap and green NaOH/EtOH mixture. The position and type of substituent critically affect the products. In addition, this sustainable protocol enabled gram-scale preparation of carboxylic acid and benzyl alcohol derivatives with high chemoselectivities. Finally, the reactions can be conducted in a pressure reactor, which can conserve oxygen and prevent solvent loss. The approach was conducive to environmental protection and potential industrial application.

The invention discloses a method for preparing aminobenzoic acid or ester thereof. The method comprises the following steps: S1, sequentially adding nitrobenzoic acid or ester, a solvent and an active nickel catalyst in a reactor; S2, while stirring, introducing hydrogen gas to replace air in a system for 3-4 times, controlling the pressure of the hydrogen gas, and performing a stirring reaction at preset temperature for a scheduled time so as to realize catalytic hydrogenation; S3, performing filtration under reduced pressure, washing filter cakes with a solvent which is the same as the solvent in S1, and collecting the active nickel catalyst; S4, performing reduced-pressure concentration on filtrate obtained in the S3 to obtain a solid namely the product of the aminobenzoic acid or the ester thereof. The method disclosed by the invention can be performed in neutral condition, normal temperature, low pressure or normal pressure, is high in synthetizing yield and low in cost, and has commercial value and environmental protection efficacy; the yield of the obtained product can be 95% or above, and the purity of the product can be 98.5% or above.

An efficient copper-mediated C-N coupling reaction between various aryl halides and azido compounds to produce the corresponding aromatic primary amines was established. The present amination is apparently involved in both the reduction of an azido functionality to the corresponding primary amino group and its cross-coupling reaction with aryl halides in a one-pot manner. The present amination could be applied to the synthesis of procaine, a local anesthetic drug. A mechanistic study indicated that 2-aminoethanol could work as a major hydrogen donor and the reaction would proceed without the formation of the intermediary aryl azide.

The invention relates to ammonium salts and stable storable ammonium salt/mineral salt clathrate compounds (inclusion compounds) having acidic dibasic acid residues such as hydrocarbonate, to methods for producing them and to pharmaco-medical and chemical synthetic applications for said compounds. According to the invention, compounds for pharmaco-medical and chemical synthetic applications are produced which comprise the ammonium salt and ammonium/mineral salt clathrate compounds (inclusion compounds, clusters) having acidic dibasic anionic acid residues of general formula (I) * x mole mineral salt, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 = alkyl and substituted alkyl straight-chain or branched, optionally having an alcohol, ether, silylether, ester, amino or amide function, H or aryl-alkyl, whereby aryl is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring having optionally additional substituents, such as alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms, OH, NR*2 with R*2= 0, alkyl with alkyl of from 1 to 4 C atoms or H, COOH, COOR, CN, NO2 and the cationic positive N+ optionally is part of an active agent, Y = a dibasic acid residue of an organic dicarboxylic acid or CO3, corresponding to HY- = HCO3 -,and x = 0.5 to 30 represents the number of the mineral salt molecules for clathrate compound formation or 0. In pharmaco-medical applications, the ammonium salt/mineral salt cluster is used as vehicle and active agent for novel forms of application of nitrogen-containing active agent bases. In chemistry, these agents are used in the synthesis of active agents and valuable products, e.g. of cyclic carbonates.

A novel electrochemical method of benzoylating aminoalcohols 2 by use of methyl benzoates 1 at room temperature was developed. 2-Aminoethanols 2 (n=0, R3=H) and 3-aminopropanols 2 (n=1, R3=H) gave the corresponding benzamides 4, as a result of electrochemical transesterification followed by O,N-acyl migration.In contrast, o- and m-aminobenzylalcohols (7a and 7b) and trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanemethanol (8a) afforded the corresponding benzoic esters, since their acyl migration is hindered.A local anesthetic, procaine, was prepared by using this electrochemical reaction.A mechanism for electrochemical transesterification, which involves a formation of alcoholate anion by a one-electron reduction of alcohol, is presented.

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