- Enhancing the intestinal absorption of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate by conjugation with α-linolenic acid and the transport mechanism of the conjugates
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The purpose of this report was to demonstrate the effect of amphiphilic polysaccharides-based self-assembling micelles on enhancing the oral absorption of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate (LMCS) in vitro and in vivo, and identify the transepithelial transport mechanism of LMCS micelles across the intestinal barrier. α-Linolenic acid-low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate polymers(α-LNA-LMCS) were successfully synthesized, and characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, TGA/DSC, TEM, laser light scattering and zeta potential. The significant oral absorption enhancement and elimination half-life (t1/2) extension of LNA-LMCS2 in rats were evidenced by intragastric administration in comparison with CS and LMCS. Caco-2 transport studies demonstrated that the apparent permeability coefficient (P app) of LNA-LMCS2 was significantly higher than that of CS and LMCS (p 0.001), and no significant effects on the overall integrity of the monolayer were observed during the transport process. In addition, α-LNA-LMCS micelles accumulated around the cell membrane and intercellular space observed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Furthermore, evident alterations in the F-actin cytoskeleton were detected by CLSM observation following the treatment of the cell monolayers with α-LNA-LMCS micelles, which further certified the capacity of α-LNA-LMCS micelles to open the intercellular tight junctions rather than disrupt the overall integrity of the monolayer. Therefore, LNA-LMCS2 with low cytotoxicity and high bioavailability might be a promising substitute for CS in clinical use, such as treating osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, etc.
- Xiao, Yuliang,Li, Pingli,Cheng, Yanna,Zhang, Xinke,Sheng, Juzheng,Wang, Decai,Li, Juan,Zhang, Qian,Zhong, Chuanqing,Cao, Rui,Wang, Fengshan
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Read Online
- CATIONIC LIPIDS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to novel cationic lipids of formula I, and more specifically formula IV. These are used, for example, in liposomes for the delivery of nucleic acids to cells.
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Page/Page column 152-153
(2021/01/23)
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- Catalyst for synthesizing acyl chloride compounds and application thereof
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The invention relates to a catalyst for synthesizing an acyl chloride compound and application of the catalyst. The structural formula is as shown in the specification, and in the formula, R is alkali of which the carbon atom number is 1-12. The catalyst is capable of effectively increasing the product yield, improving the production efficiency and lowering the production cost of acyl chloride, and has wide application prospects. The invention further provides a method for synthesizing acyl chloride with the catalyst.
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Paragraph 0073-0077
(2020/10/20)
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- Decarboxylative Borylation of mCPBA-Activated Aliphatic Acids
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A decarboxylative borylation of aliphatic acids for the synthesis of a variety of alkylboronates has been developed by mixing m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA)-activated fatty acids with bis(catecholato)diboron in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature. A radical chain process is involved in the reaction which initiates from the B-B bond homolysis followed by the radical transfer from the boron atom to the carbon atom with subsequent decarboxylation and borylation.
- Wei, Dian,Liu, Tu-Ming,Zhou, Bo,Han, Bing
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supporting information
p. 234 - 238
(2020/01/02)
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- Antiproliferative 3-deoxysphingomyelin analogs: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of pyrrolidine-based 3-deoxysphingomyelin analogs as anticancer agents
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Sphingomyelins and glycerophospholipids are structurally related phospholipids. Nevertheless, glycerophospholipids analogs are known as antitumor agents while sphingomyelin analogs were reported as cytoprotective agents. Herein, we have addressed the development of 3-deoxysphingomyelin analogs as cytotoxic agents possessing modified sphingobases. Thus, pyrrolidine-based 3-deoxysphingomyelin analogs were synthesized and evaluated against a panel of cell lines representing four major types of cancers. Compounds 3d, 4d and 6d elicited better GI50 values than the FDA approved drug miltefosine. Investigation of their impact on Akt phosphorylation as a possible mechanism for the antiproliferative activity of this class of compounds revealed that these compounds might elicit a concentration-dependent mechanism via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation at the lower concentration. Molecular docking predicted their binding modes to Akt to involve polar head binding to the Pleckstrin homology domain and hydrophobic tail extension into a hydrophobic pocket connecting the Pleckstrin homology domain and the kinase domain. As a whole, the described work suggests compounds 3d, 4d and 6d as promising pyrrolidine-based 3-deoxysphingomyelin analogs for development of novel cancer therapies.
- Hassan, Ahmed H.E.,Park, Hye Rim,Yoon, Yoon Mi,Kim, Hye In,Yoo, Sung Yeun,Lee, Kun Won,Lee, Yong Sup
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p. 444 - 455
(2019/01/03)
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- GEMCITABINE AMPHIPHILE PRODRUGS
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The present invention relates to improved prodrugs, and compositions thereof. In particular, it relates to amphiphilic gemcitabine prodrugs or amphiphilic prodrugs of other biologically active molecules with the capacity to make liquid crystalline nanostructured nanoparticles, and uses thereof to treat animals, including humans.
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Page/Page column 55-56
(2019/11/12)
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- Amides of N-Deacetyllappaconitine and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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Amides were prepared from N-deacetyllappaconitine and unsaturated oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and γ-linolenic fatty acids.
- Gabbasov,Tsyrlina,Yunusova
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p. 947 - 950
(2018/09/27)
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- Identification of in situ flower volatiles from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa) cultivars and their male pollenisers in a New Zealand orchard
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In situ flower volatiles from six kiwifruit cultivars (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa); ‘Hayward’, ‘Chieftain’, ‘M56’, ‘Zes007’ (Green11), ‘M36’, and ‘M43’ were collected by dynamic headspace sampling. Forty-five compounds were detected in the headspace of the flowers, with straight chain hydrocarbons and terpenes accounting for >98% of the volatiles emitted quantitatively across the six cultivars. Of these hydrocarbons, (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heptadecatriene is reported for the first time from a floral source while (8Z)-hexadecene and (9Z)-nonadecene are reported for the first time from kiwifruit flowers. All three hydrocarbons were verified by synthesis. Quantitative comparison of the six honey bee perceived compounds from the headspace of the cultivars showed that the males ‘M36’ and ‘M43’ closely matched the female cultivar Green11 that they are used to pollinate. Males ‘M56’ and ‘Chieftain’ were not as closely matched to the female cultivar ‘Hayward’ that they are used to pollinate. The male ‘M56’ in particular differed significantly from the female ‘Hayward’ in four of the six honey bee perceived compounds.
- Twidle, Andrew M.,Suckling, David M.,Seal, Alan G.,Fedrizzi, Bruno,Pilkington, Lisa I.,Barker, David
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- Preparation method of acyl chloride
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The invention relates to a preparation method of acyl chloride. The method comprises the following steps that 1, carboxylic acid is added into a reactor, or carboxylic acid is dissolved in organic solvent, a device is connected, and the temperature is raised to 100 DGE C-250 DEG C; 2, phosgene is introduced into the reactor for a reaction, and then the temperature is decreased to room temperature; 3, nitrogen is introduced, residual phosgene and hydrogen chloride are cleaned away, reaction liquid which is reacted without solvent is subjected to decompression distillation and purification directly, and needed acyl chloride is obtained; reaction liquid which is reacted with the solvent is subjected to decompression distillation to remove the solvent, and needed acyl chloride is obtained. According to the preparation method of acyl chloride, no catalyst is added, the risks that in the synthesizing process, due to the fact that the catalyst is dissolved, color of the finial product of acyl chloride is increased, and the catalyst is remained in late products are avoided, after the reaction is finished, high-quality acyl chloride can be obtained through decompression distillation, and the technological process is simple; due to the fact that in the whole technological process, except for absorbable and available phosgene, hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide, no other three waste is discharged, the preparation method of acyl chloride is environmentally friendly, and the good implement value is achieved.
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Paragraph 0048; 0049
(2016/11/28)
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- Selective Modulation of Protein Kinase C α over Protein Kinase C by Curcumin and Its Derivatives in CHO-K1 Cells
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Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases regulate various cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Modulation of isoform-selective activity of PKC by curcumin (1), the active constituent of Curcuma L., is poorly understood, and the literature data are inconsistent and obscure. The effect of curcumin (1) and its analogues, 4-[(2Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxohepta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenyl oleate (2), (9Z,12Z)-4-[(2Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxohepta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate (3), (9Z,12Z,15Z)-4-[(2Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxohepta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenyl octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate (4), and (1E,6E)-1-[4-(hexadecyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (5), and didemethylcurcumin (6) on the membrane translocation of PKCα, a conventional PKC, and PKC, a novel PKC, has been studied in CHO-K1 cells, in which these PKC isoforms are endogenously expressed. Translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the membrane was measured using immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. 1 and 6 inhibited the TPA-induced membrane translocation of PKCα but not of PKC. Modification of the hydroxyl group of curcumin with a long aliphatic chain containing unsaturated double bonds in 2-4 completely abolished this inhibition property. Instead, 2-4 showed significant translocation of PKCα but not of PKC to the membrane. No membrane translocation was observed with 1, 6, or the analogue 5 having a saturated long chain for either PKCα or PKC. 1 and 6 inhibited TPA-induced activation of ERK1/2, and 2-4 activated it. ERK1/2 is the downstream readout of PKC. These results show that the hydroxyl group of curcumin is important for PKC activity and the curcumin template can be useful in developing isoform specific PKC modulators for regulating a particular disease state.
- Pany, Satyabrata,Majhi, Anjoy,Das, Joydip
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p. 2135 - 2143
(2016/05/09)
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- Analysis of Intact Cholesteryl Esters of Furan Fatty Acids in Cod Liver
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Furan fatty acids (F-acids) are a class of natural antioxidants with a furan moiety in the acyl chain. These minor fatty acids have been reported to occur with high proportions in the cholesteryl ester fraction of fish livers. Here we present a method for the direct analysis of intact cholesteryl esters with F-acids and other fatty acids in cod liver lipids. For this purpose, the cholesteryl ester fraction was isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using a cool-on-column inlet. Pentadecanoic acid esterified with cholesterol was used as an internal standard. GC/MS spectra of F-acid cholesteryl esters featured the molecular ion along with characteristic fragment ions for both the cholesterol and the F-acid moiety. All investigated cod liver samples (n = 8) showed cholesteryl esters of F-acids and, to a lower degree, of conventional fatty acids. By means of GC/MS-SIM up to ten F-acid cholesteryl esters could be determined in the samples. The concentrations of cholesteryl esters with conventional fatty acids amounted to 78-140 mg/100 g lipids (mean 97 mg/100 g lipids), while F-acid cholesteryl esters were present at 47-270 mg/100 g lipids (mean 130 mg/100 g lipids).
- Hammann, Simon,Wendlinger, Christine,Vetter, Walter
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p. 611 - 620
(2015/06/08)
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- DNA SYNTHASE INHIBITOR
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compound having DNA synthase inhibitory activity, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound as an active ingredient (DNA synthase inhibitor, anticancer agent and antiinflammatory agent). SOLUTION: A DNA synthase inhibitor comprises a compound represented by general formula (1) as an active ingredient. An example of the compound is carboxylate ester of plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). COPYRIGHT: (C)2015,JPO&INPIT
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Paragraph 0117-0119
(2016/10/10)
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- Synthesis, molecular characterization and preliminary antioxidant activity evaluation of quercetin fatty esters
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Quercetin shows interesting pharmacological effects, but its use in topical applications is limited by its low skin permeability and solubility. In this work, the synthesis of highly lipophilic quercetin esters with oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid useful as topical quercetin prodrugs is reported. Partial OH esterification is advisable to maintain the antioxidant activity of these compounds; tetraesters and triesters can be achieved by modulating the reaction conditions utilized for the total esterification of quercetin. The chemical structures of the esters were proven by spectroscopic techniques; quantum chemical NMR calculation were mandatory to unequivocally assign the free position in triesters. Finally, the antioxidant activity of all the synthesized compounds was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl method and by 2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay.
- Mainini, Francesca,Contini, Alessandro,Nava, Donatella,Corsetto, Paola Antonia,Rizzo, Angela Maria,Agradi, Elisabetta,Pini, Elena
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p. 1751 - 1759
(2013/11/19)
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- Analogs of 2-arachidonoylglycerin containing the no-donor group
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1, 3-Dinitroglyceryl esters of fatty acids, analogs of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerin, were synthesized. Various methods for esterifying fatty acids with glycerine dinitrate were developed.
- Serkov,Gretskaya,Bezuglov
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p. 367 - 370
(2012/10/30)
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- Improved LC-MS method for the determination of fatty acids in red blood cells by LC-orbitrap MS
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We report a new method for fast and sensitive analyses of biologically relevant fatty acids (FAs) in red blood cells (RBC) by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A new chemical derivatization approach was developed forming picolylamides from FAs in a quantitative reaction. Fourteen derivatized FA standards, including saturated and unsaturated FAs from C14 to C22, were efficiently separated within 15 min. In addition, the use of a recently introduced benchtop orbitrap mass spectrometer under positive electrospray ionization (ESI) full scan mode showed a 2-10-fold improvement in sensitivity compared with a conventional tandem MS method, with a limit of detection in the low femtomole range for saturated and unsaturated FAs. The developed method was applied to determine FA concentrations in RBC with intra- and interday coefficients of variation below 10%.
- Li, Xingnan,Franke, Adrian A.
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experimental part
p. 3192 - 3198
(2011/11/04)
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- Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response
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We previously found that vitamin K3 (menadione, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) inhibits the activity of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (pol γ). In this study, we focused on juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), which is a 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative, and chemically synthesized novel juglones conjugated with C2:0 to C22:6 fatty acid (5-O-acyl juglones). The chemically modified juglones enhanced mammalian pol inhibition and their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The juglone conjugated with oleic acid (C18:1-acyl juglone) showed the strongest inhibition of DNA replicative pol α activity and human colon carcinoma (HCT116) cell growth in 10 synthesized 5-O-acyl juglones. C12:0-Acyl juglone was the strongest inhibitor of DNA repair-related pol λ, as well as the strongest suppression of the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the compounds tested. Moreover, this compound caused the greatest reduction in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced acute inflammation in mouse ears. C12:0- and C18:1-Acyl juglones selectively inhibited the activities of mammalian pol species, but did not influence the activities of other pols and DNA metabolic enzymes tested. These data indicate that the novel 5-O-acyl juglones target anti-cancer and/or anti-inflammatory agents based on mammalian pol inhibition. Moreover, the results suggest that acylation of juglone is an effective chemical modification to improve the anti-cancer and anti-inflammation of vitamin K3 derivatives, such as juglone.
- Maruo, Sayako,Kuriyama, Isoko,Kuramochi, Kouji,Tsubaki, Kazunori,Yoshida, Hiromi,Mizushina, Yoshiyuki
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experimental part
p. 5803 - 5812
(2011/11/05)
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- Self-assembling structures of long-chain sugar-based amphiphiles influenced by the introduction of double bonds
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Nine phenyl glucoside or galactoside amphiphiles possessing a saturated or unsaturated long alkyl-chain group as the self-assembling unit of a highly organized molecular architecture were synthesized. Their self-assembly properties were investigated by using energy-filtering TEM (EF-TEM), SEM, CD, XRD, and FT-IR techniques. Compound 2, possessing one cis double bond in the lipophilic portion, exhibited twisted helical fibers, which formed a bilayered structure with a 3.59 nm period, while 3 exhibited helical ribbons and left-handed nanotubu-lar structures with 150-200 nm inner diameters and a wall thickness of approximately 20 nm. Very interestingly, 4, possessing three cis double bonds, exhibited a nanotubular structure with an inner diameter of approximately 70 nm and a d spacing value of 4.62 nm. On the other hand, 7, possessing two trans double bonds in the lipophilic region, exhibited crystal- or plate-like structures, which formed a bilayer structure with a d spacing value of 3.93 nm. These results indicate that the self-assembly properties are strongly dependent on the type of double bond. Furthermore, 8 and 9, with the galactopyr anose moiety, revealed helical ribbon and well-defined double helical fiber structures, respectively. These findings support the view that the orientation of the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction between the sugar moieties plays a critical role in producing the nanotubular structures. According to CD and powder XRD experiments, the relatively strong intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction of the glucopyranoside moiety in 3 and 4 provided a highly ordered chiral packing structure. Even though these compounds formed a weak hydrophobic interaction between lipophilic groups, it led to the formation of the nanotubular structure.
- Jung, Jong Hwa,Do, Youngkyu,Lee, Young-A.,Shimizu, Toshimi
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p. 5538 - 5544
(2007/10/03)
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- A divergent synthesis of [1-14C]-mono-E isomers of fatty acids
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A convenient synthesis of [1-14C]-mono-trans fatty acid using olefin inversion as a key-step is described. This methodology allows for a facile synthesis of [1-14C]-labelled mono-trans analogues of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. As an example, only eleven steps were necessary to obtain the [1-14C]-mono-E isomers of linolenic acid from its commercial all-Z form. In the first step, Barton's decarboxylation procedure yielded a bromo intermediate. Epoxidation of this compound resulted in the formation of three monoepoxides, which could be separated by HPLC. After identification by 1H NMR and MS, the pure monoepoxides were then subjected to inversion consisting of a stereospecific deoxygenation followed by a β-elimination step. Finally, the labelling was introduced by substitution of the bromine by a [14C]-cyano group followed by hydrolysis.
- Georgin,Taran,Mioskowski
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- Addition of organocerium reagents to morpholine amides: synthesis of important pheromone components of Achaea janata.
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Readily preparable morpholine amides hitch in good yields with organocerium reagents to produce ketones. Even in the presence of substrates and reagents with high steric hindrance, the organometallic compounds prepared from dry cerium(III) chloride and organomagnesium or organolithium compounds at -78 degrees C add cleanly to morpholine amides. The low cost of starting materials makes this new scheme of synthesis very interesting for the preparation of biologically important pheromones.
- Badioli, Michele,Ballini, Roberto,Bartolacci, Massimo,Bosica, Giovanna,Torregiani, Elisabetta,Marcantoni, Enrico
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p. 8938 - 8942
(2007/10/03)
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- Large-scale preparation of (9Z,12E)-[1-13C]-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, (9Z,12Z,15E)-[1-13C]-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid and their [1-13C] all-cis isomers
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Several grams of labelled trans linoleic and linolenic acids with high chemical and isomeric purities (>97%) have been prepared for human metabolism studies. A total of 12.5 g of (9Z,12E)-[1-13C]-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid and 6.3 g of (9Z,12Z,15E)-[1-13C]-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid were obtained in, respectively, seven steps (7.8% overall yield) and 11 steps (7% overall yield) from 7-bromo-heptan-1-ol. The trans bromo precursors used for the labelling were synthesised by using copper-catalysed couplings. The trans fatty acids were then obtained via the nitrile derivatives. A total of 23.5 g of (9Z,12Z)-[1-13C]-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid and 10.4 g of (9Z,12Z,15Z)-[1-13C]-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid were prepared in five steps in, respectively, 32 and 18% overall yield. Large quantities of bromo and chloro precursors were synthesised from the commercially available acid according to Barton's procedure. In all cases, the main impurities (>0.5%) of each labelled fatty acid have been characterised. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
- Loreau,Maret,Poullain,Chardigny,Sebedio,Beaufrere,Noel
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- Vanilloids. 1. Analogs of Capsaicin with Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Activity
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As part of a program to establish structure-activity relationships for vanilloids, analogs of the pungent principle capsaicin, the alkyl chain portion the parent structure (and related compounds derived from homovanillic acid) was varied.In antinociceptive and antiinflammatory assays (rat and mouse hot plate and croton oil-inflamed mouse ear), compounds with widely varying alkyl chain structures were active.Short-chain compounds were active by systemic administration in the assays mentioned above but they retained the high pungency and acute toxicity characteristic of capsaicin.In contrast, the long chain cis-unsaturates, NE-19550 (vanillyloleamide) and NE-28345 (oleylhomovanillamide), were orally active, less pungent, and less acutely toxic than capsaicin.The potential of these compounds as antiinflammatory/analgesic agents is discussed in light of recent data on the mechanism of action of vanilloids on sensory nerve fibers.
- Janusz, John M.,Buckwalter, Brian L.,Young, Patricia A.,LaHann, Thomas R.,Farmer, Ralph W.,et al.
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p. 2595 - 2604
(2007/10/02)
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- CHARACTERIZATION OF CAROTENOID ACYL ESTERS PRODUCED IN DROUGHT-STRESSED BARLEY SEEDLINGS
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Drought-stressed barley seedlings have been adopted as a model system in which to examine the biochemistry of senescence.Unwatered barley seedlings develop yellow patches on their leaves after about 5 days.Analyses of the pigment composition by reversed-phase HPLC revealed significantly decreased chlorophyll content relative to the carotenoid pigments.Among the carotenoids appeared significant amounts of apolar compounds, xanthophyll esters, that are not normally found in light-grown, green tissue of barley.Mass spectrometric analysis, partial synthesis and co-chromatography on reversed-phase HPLC confirmed that the main carotenoid ester was lutein bis-linolenate.Key Word Index: Hordeum vulgare; Gramineae; barley; leaves; carotenoid fatty acyl esters.
- Barry, Paul,Evershed, Richard P.,Young, Andrew,Prescott, Mark C.,Britton, George
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p. 3163 - 3168
(2007/10/02)
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- PISCICIDAL STEROL ACYLGLUCOSIDES FROM EDGEWORTHIA CHRYSANTA
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New potent piscicidal sterol acylglucosides named chrysanthosides have been obtained from the flower of Edgeworthia chrysantha, together with the previously known bis-coumarin and grasshopper ketone and their structures characterized to be sitosterol-3-O-6-linoleoyl- and sitosterol-3-O-6-linolenoyl-β-D-glucopyranosides by spectral data and synthesis.The natural and synthetic chrysanthosides possess potent piscicidal activity against killie-fish which was killed within 3 hr at a concentration of 0.1 ppm. Keywords: Edgeworthia chrysantha; Thymaaelaeaceae; flower; sitosterol-3-O-6-linoleoyl- and sitosterol-3-O-6-linolenoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside; grashopper ketone; daphnoretin; piscicidal activity; synthesis of chrysanthoside
- Hashimoto, Toshihiro,Tori, Motoo,Asakawa, Yoshinori
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p. 2927 - 2931
(2007/10/02)
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