- Rapid “high” temperature batch and flow lithiation-trapping of N-Boc pyrrolidine
-
The development of suitable reaction conditions for the rapid “high” temperature lithiation-trapping of N-Boc pyrrolidine under batch and flow conditions is described. For optimisation of batch conditions, the lithiation-trapping was explored using s-BuLi at temperatures of ?30 to 20 °C. Two new batch lithiation conditions were discovered using the biomass-derived, sustainable solvent, 2-MeTHF: diamine-free lithiation in 2-MeTHF gave α-substituted pyrrolidines in 50–69% yields at ?20 °C or 0 °C. The requirement for very short lithiation times is explained by the chemical instability of the lithiated intermediate at high temperatures. A practical flow chemistry reaction manifold (s-BuLi, TMEDA, THF, 0 °C, 5 s) has been developed which delivered an α-substituted pyrrolidine in 59% yield. This flow process opens up new opportunities for scaling-up of lithiation-trapping reactions of N-Boc heterocycles.
- Kwong, Alice,Firth, James D.,Farmer, Thomas J.,O'Brien, Peter
-
supporting information
(2021/01/25)
-
- Boosting the hydrolytic stability of phosphite ligand in hydroformylation by the construction of superhydrophobic porous framework
-
The development of a catalyst that delivers high activities and selectivities with excellent durability is of great importance. Numerous efficient catalysts suffer from the inherent hydrolysis liabilities, plaguing their practical applications. Herein, we show that this challenge can be tackled by constructing them into superhydrophobic porous frameworks, as exemplified by a water-sensitive phosphite ligand, tris(2-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. The efficiency and long-term stability of the developed system are remarkably high in the hydroformylation of internal olefins after metalation with Rh species, superior to the corresponding homogeneous analogues. The significantly boosted hydrolytic stability allows for catalytic transformations using water as a green solvent, which not only facilitates the isolation of the products, but also furnishes the aldehydes with higher regioselectivities for the desired linear form in comparison with that operated under benchmark conditions using toluene as a reaction medium. Given these promising results, we anticipate the strategy advanced herein will form the basis for constructive perspectives in the enhancement of the water resistance of catalysts and the development of high performance hydroformylation catalysts.
- Tang, Yongquan,Dong, Ke,Wang, Sai,Sun, Qi,Meng, Xiangju,Xiao, Feng-Shou
-
-
- AMINOPYRIDINE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
-
The present invention relates generally to therapeutics targeting the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, including its proteases arginine gingipain A/B (Rgp), and their use for the treatment of disorders associated with P. gingivalis infection, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. In certain embodiments, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I and Formula III, as described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- -
-
-
- Backbone-Modified Bisdiazaphospholanes for Regioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Alkenes
-
A series of tetraaryl bisdiazaphospholane (BDP) ligands were prepared varying the phosphine bridge, backbone, and substituents in the 2- and 5-positions of the diazaphospholane ring. The parent acylhydrazine backbone was transformed to an alkylhydrazine via a borane reduction procedure. These reduced ligands contained an all sp3 hybridized ring mimicking the all sp3 phospholane of (R,R)-Ph-BPE, a highly selective ligand in asymmetric hydroformylation. The reduced bisdiazaphospholane (red-BDP) ligands were shown crystallographically to have an increased C-N-N-C torsion angle - this puckering resembles the structure of (R,R)-Ph-BPE and has a dramatic influence on regioselectivity in rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation. The red-BDPs demonstrated up to a 5-fold increase in selectivity for the branched aldehyde compared to the acylhydrazine parent ligands. This work demonstrates a facile procedure for increased branched selectivity from the highly active and accessible class of BDP ligands in hydroformylation.
- Wildt, Julia,Brezny, Anna C.,Landis, Clark R.
-
p. 3142 - 3151
(2017/09/05)
-
- Photo-induced Substitutive Introduction of the Aldoxime Functional Group to Carbon Chains: A Formal Formylation of Non-Acidic C(sp3)?H Bonds
-
A photo-induced substitutive introduction of an aldoxime functional group to carbon chains was achieved using photo-excited 4-benzoylpyridine as a C(sp3)?H bond cleaving agent and arylsulfonyl oxime as an aldoxime precursor. The non-acidic C?H bonds in various substances, including cycloalkanes, ethers, azacycles, and cyclic sulfides, were chemoselectively converted at ambient temperature under neutral conditions. The present transformation is a formal formylation of non-acidic C(sp3)?H bonds in a single step.
- Kamijo, Shin,Takao, Go,Kamijo, Kaori,Hirota, Masaki,Tao, Keisuke,Murafuji, Toshihiro
-
supporting information
p. 9695 - 9699
(2016/08/10)
-
- One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Vicinal Diamines via In Situ Aminal Formation and Carboamination
-
A synthesis of vicinal diamines via in situ aminal formation and carboamination of allyl amines is reported. Employing highly electron-poor trifluoromethyl aldimines in their stable hemiaminal form was key to enable both a fast and complete aminal formation as well as the palladium-catalyzed carboamination step. The conditions developed allow the introduction of a wide variety of alkynyl, vinyl, aryl, and hetereoaryl groups with complete regioselectivity and high diastereoselectivity. The reaction exhibits a high functional-group tolerance. Importantly, either nitrogen atom of the imidazolidine products can be selectively deprotected, while removal of the aminal tether can be achieved in a single step under mild conditions to reveal the free diamine. We expect that this work will promote the further use of mixed aminal tethers in organic synthesis.
- Orcel, Ugo,Waser, Jerome
-
supporting information
p. 12881 - 12885
(2016/10/04)
-
- A rapid and efficient one-pot method for the reduction of N-protected α-amino acids to chiral α-amino aldehydes using CDI/DIBAL-H
-
N-Protected amino acids can be easily converted into chiral α-amino aldehydes in a one-pot reaction by activation with CDI followed by reduction with DIBAL-H. This method delivers Boc-, Cbz- and Fmoc-protected amino aldehydes from proteinogenic amino acids in very good isolated yields and complete stereointegrity.
- Ivkovic, Jakov,Lembacher-Fadum, Christian,Breinbauer, Rolf
-
supporting information
p. 10456 - 10460
(2015/11/10)
-
- FUSED RING COMPOUNDS AS HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF
-
Provided are fused tricyclic compounds effective to inhibit the function of the NS5A protein of formula (I), wherein X, X', Y, Y', A, A',Q1, Q2, R1-R4, X4, R5a, f and W are defined as in the description. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and uses in the manufacture of a medicament for treating HCV infection or a HCV disorder thereof.
- -
-
Paragraph 00314; 00329; 00649; 00650; 00655
(2014/06/23)
-
- BRIDGED RING COMPOUNDS AS HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF
-
Provided herein is a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, which can be used for treating HCV infection or a HCV disorder. Also provided herein are a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound and the use of the compound and the pharmaceutical composition thereof, which can also be used for treating HCV infection or a HCV disorder.
- -
-
Page/Page column 195; 196
(2014/09/16)
-
- Gold-catalyzed oxycyclization of allenic carbamates: Expeditious synthesis of 1,3-oxazin-2-ones
-
A combined experimental and computational study on regioselective gold-catalyzed synthetic routes to 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones (kinetically controlled products) and 1,3-oxazin-2-one derivatives (thermodynamically favored) from easily accessible allenic carbamates has been carried out.
- Alcaide, Benito,Almendros, Pedro,Quiros, M. Teresa,Fernandez, Israel
-
p. 818 - 826
(2013/06/05)
-
- Highly selective asymmetric Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of heterocyclic olefins
-
A small family of new chiral hybrid, diphosphorus ligands, consisting of phosphine-phosphoramidites L1 and L2 and phosphine-phosphonites L3a-c, was synthesized for the application in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of heterocyclic olefins. High-pressure (HP)-NMR and HP-IR spectroscopy under 5-10 bar of syngas has been employed to characterize the corresponding catalyst resting state with each ligand. Indole-based ligands L1 and L2 led to selective ea coordination, while the xanthene derived system L3c gave predominant ee coordination. Application of the small bite-angle ligands L1 and L2 in the highly selective asymmetric hydroformylation (AHF) of the challenging substrate 2,3-dihydrofuran (1) yielded the 2-carbaldehyde (3) as the major regioisomer in up to 68% yield (with ligand L2) along with good ees of up to 62%. This is the first example in which the asymmetric hydroformylation of 1 is both regio- and enantioselective for isomer 3. Interestingly, use of ligand L3c in the same reaction completely changed the regioselectivity to 3-carbaldehyde (4) with a remarkably high enantioselectivity of 91%. Ligand L3c also performs very well in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of other heterocyclic olefins. Highly enantioselective conversion of the notoriously difficult substrate 2,5-dihydrofuran (2) is achieved using the same catalyst, with up to 91% ee, concomitant with complete regioselectivity to the 3-carbaldehyde product (4) under mild reaction conditions. Interestingly, the Rh-catalyst derived from L3c is thus able to produce both enantiomers of 3-carbaldehyde 4, simply by changing the substrate from 1 to 2. Furthermore, 85% ee was obtained in the hydroformylation of N-acetyl-3-pyrroline (5) with exceptionally high regioselectivities for 3-carbaldehyde 8Ac (>99%). Similarly, an ee of 86% for derivative 8Boc was accomplished using the same catalyst system in the AHF of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-pyrroline (6). These results represent the highest ees reported to date in the AHF of dihydrofurans (1, 2) and 3-pyrrolines (5, 6).
- Chikkali, Samir H.,Bellini, Rosalba,De Bruin, Bas,Van Der Vlugt, Jarl Ivar,Reek, Joost N. H.
-
experimental part
p. 6607 - 6616
(2012/06/15)
-
- Organolithium or Heck-type cyclization of N-ortho-iodobenzyl-2- alkenylpyrrolidines to give indolizidines
-
Carbolithiation reactions of 2-alkenyl-substituted pyrrolidines have been studied. An electron-withdrawing group in the alkene (R = CONEt2) is required for the 6-exo-trig cyclization to afford hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolines. Alternatively, the cyclization of the unactivated alkene can be performed under Heck conditions. ARKAT USA, Inc.
- García-Calvo, Oihane,Sotomayor, Nuria,Lete, Esther,Coldham, Iain
-
experimental part
p. 57 - 66
(2011/06/25)
-
- Enantioselective hydroformylation of N-vinyl carboxamides, allyl carbamates, and allyl ethers using chiral diazaphospholane ligands
-
Rhodium complexes of diazaphospholane ligands catalyze the asymmetric hydroformylation of N-vinyl carboxamides, allyl ethers, and allyl carbamates; products include 1,2- and 1,3-aminoaldehydes and 1,3-alkoxyaldehydes. Using glass pressure bottles, short reaction times (generally less than 6 h), and low catalyst loading (commonly 0.5 mol %), 20 substrates are successfully converted to chiral aldehydes with useful regioselectivity and high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). Chiral Roche aldehyde is obtained with 97% ee from the hydroformylation of allyl silyl ethers. Commonly difficult substrates such as 1,1- and 1,2-disubstituted alkenes undergo effective hydroformylation with 89-97% ee and complete conversion for six examples. Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amination of allyl benzyl ether followed by enantioselective hydroformylation yields the β3-aminoaldehyde with 74% ee.
- McDonald, Richard I.,Wong, Gene W.,Neupane, Ram P.,Stahl, Shannon S.,Landis, Clark R.
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 14027 - 14029
(2011/01/04)
-
- Anti-Viral Compounds
-
Compounds effective in inhibiting replication of Hepatitis C virus (“HCV”) are described. This invention also relates to processes of making such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat HCV infection.
- -
-
-
- Hit-to-lead optimization of disubstituted oxadiazoles and tetrazoles as mGluR5 NAMs
-
Here we report the discovery and early SAR of a series of mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Starting from a moderately active HTS hit we synthesized 3,5-disubstituted-oxadiazoles and tetrazoles as mGluR5 NAMs. Based on the analysis of ligand e
- Wágner, Gábor,Wéber, Csaba,Nyéki, Olga,Nógrádi, Katalin,Bielik, Attila,Molnár, László,Bobok, Amrita,Horváth, Attila,Kiss, Béla,Kolok, Sándor,Nagy, József,Kurkó, Dalma,Gál, Krisztina,Greiner, István,Szombathelyi, Zsolt,Keser, Gy?rgy M.,Domány, Gy?rgy
-
scheme or table
p. 3737 - 3741
(2010/08/20)
-
- Diamine-free lithiation-trapping of N-Boc heterocycles using s-BuLi in THF
-
A diamine-free protocol for the s-BuLi-mediated lithiation-trapping of N-Boc heterocycles has been developed. In the optimized procedure, lithiation is accomplished using s-BuLi in THF at -30 °C for only 5 or 10 min. Subsequent electrophilic trapping or transmetalation-Negishi coupling delivered a range of functionalized pyrrolidines, imidazolidines, and piperazines in 43-83% yield.
- Barker, Graeme,Obrien, Peter,Campos, Kevin R.
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 4176 - 4179
(2010/11/16)
-
- Synthesis of 6- and 7-membered cyclic enaminones: Scope and mechanism
-
Six- and seven-membered cyclic enaminones can be prepared using common, environmentally benign reagents. Amino acids are used as synthetic precursors allowing diversification and the incorporation of chirality. The key reaction in this multistep process involves deprotection of Boc-amino ynones and subsequent treatment with methanolic K2CO3 to induce cyclization. A β-amino elimination side reaction was identified in a few labile substrates that led to either loss of stereochemical purity or degradation. This process can be mitigated in specific cases using mild deprotection conditions. NMR and deuterium-labeling experiments provided valuable insight into the workings and limitations of this reaction. Although disguised as a 6-endo-dig cyclization, the reagents employed in the transformation play a direct role in bond-making and bond-breaking, thus changing the mode of addition to a 6-endo-trig cyclization. This method can be used to construct an array of monocyclic and bicyclic scaffolds, many of which are found in well-known natural products (e.g., indolizidine, quinolizidine, and Stemona alkaloids).
- Niphakis, Micah J.,Turunen, Brandon J.,Georg, Gunda I.
-
supporting information; scheme or table
p. 6793 - 6805
(2010/12/20)
-
- Base-catalysed intramolecular hydroamination of vinyl sulfiies
-
Small amounts of n-butyllithium catalyse the highly efficient hydroamination of a large variety of vinyl sulfides. This novel methodology offers an easy access to a wide range of nitrogen heterocycles, including simple pyrrolidines and piperidines, as well as more complex bicyclic compounds. Subsequent transformations of the sulfur group led to the formation of functionalised alkaloid-like substructures. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
- Quinet, Coralie,Sampoux, Laetitia,Marko, Istvan E.
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1806 - 1811
(2009/09/06)
-
- Pharmaceutical compounds
-
Compounds of Formulae Ia and Ib, and stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are useful for inhibiting lipid kinases including PI3K, and for treating disorders such as cancer mediated by lipid kinases. Methods of using compounds of Formula Ia and Ib for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions, are disclosed.
- -
-
Page/Page column 91; 93
(2008/06/13)
-
- PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS PI3K INHIBITORS
-
Thienopyrimidines of formula (Ia) or (Ib): wherein R1, R2, R3, are as defined in the claims.
- -
-
-
- MGluR5 modulators IV
-
The present invention is directed to novel compounds, to a process for their preparation, their use in therapy and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds.
- -
-
Page/Page column 8
(2008/06/13)
-
- Total syntheses of the tylophora alkaloids cryptopleurine, (-)-antofine, (-)-tylophorine, and (-)-ficuseptine C
-
A concise, efficient and modular approach to the tylophora alkaloids is described, a family of potent cytotoxic agents that are equally effective against drug sensitive and multidrug resistant cancer cell lines. The advantages of the chosen route are illustrated by the total syntheses of the phenanthroquinolizidine cryptopleurine (1) and the phenanthroindolizidines (-)-antofine (2), (-)-tylophorine (3), and their only recently isolated congener (-)-ficuseptine C (4). The key steps consist in a Suzuki cross-coupling between a (commercial) boronic acid and a simple aryl-l,2-dihalide followed by elaboration of the resulting products into the corresponding 2-alkynyl-biphenyl derivatives 27, 33, 41 and 46. The latter undergo PtCl2-catalyzed cycloisomerizations with formation of the functionalized phenanthrenes 28, 34, 42 and 47, which were transformed into the targeted alkaloids by a deprotection/Pictet-Spengler annulation tandem. Due to the flexibility and robust character of this approach, it might enable a systematic exploration of the pharmacological profile of this promising class of bioactive natural products.
- Fuerstner, Alois,Kennedy, Jason W.J.
-
p. 7398 - 7410
(2007/10/03)
-
- Phosphabarrelenes as ligands in rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of internal alkenes essentially free of alkene isomerization
-
Despite significant research efforts in the past, one of the remaining problems to be solved in industrially important hydroformylation is the chemoselective low-pressure hydroformylation of internal alkenes. We report here on a new class of phosphabarrelene/rhodium catalysts 2 that display very high activity towards hydroformylation of internal alkenes with an unusually low tendency towards alkene isomerization. Preparation of new phosphabarrelene ligands, studies of their coordination properties, as well as results obtained in the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of cyclic and acyclic internal alkenes are reported.
- Fuchs, Evelyn,Keller, Manfred,Breit, Bernhard
-
p. 6930 - 6939
(2007/10/03)
-
- TRICYCLIC COMPOUND, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND USE
-
A compound of the formula: wherein R1 is a 5- or 6-membered ring; ???Z1 is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring; ???Z2 is a group of -Z2a-W2-Z2b-, wherein Z2a and Z2b are each O, S(O)q (wherein q is 0, 1 or 2), an imino group, or a bond; and W2 is an alkylene chain; ???W is a group represented by wherein R3 and R3' are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a lower alkoxy group; X is CH or N; n and n' are each an integer of 0 or 1 to 4; m and m' are each 1 or 2; Y is O, S(O)p (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2), CH2 or NR4 (wherein R4 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a lower acyl group); and ???R2 is (1) an amino group, in which the nitrogen atom may be converted to a quaternary ammonium or an oxide, or (2) a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group which may contain a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom as the ring-constituting atom, in which the nitrogen atommay be converted to a quaternary ammonium or an oxide; or a salt thereof. The compound exhibits excellent CCR antagonist activity against CCR5, and is useful as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for HIV infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, especially for AIDS.
- -
-
Page/Page column 41
(2010/02/14)
-
- Investigations concerning the organolanthanide and group 3 metallocene-catalyzed cyclization-functionalization of nitrogen-containing dienes
-
Organolanthanide catalyzed cyclization-silylation of nitrogen-containing polyunsaturated systems allows access to core structures commonly found in naturally occurring alkaloids. Nitrogen-containing dienes with various substitution patterns were investigated. The method was most successful for substrates with terminal alkenes. Cyclization upon pendant 1,1-disubstituted olefins was not realized under various conditions. Interestingly, sterically hindered sulfonamides, which were previously believed to render the catalyst inactive, were actually compatible with the catalyst, thus affording the cyclized products after prolonged reaction times. Variations using fused ring systems were also investigated.
- Molander, Gary A.,Romero, Jan Antoinette C.
-
p. 2631 - 2643
(2007/10/03)
-
- N-acylpyrrolidin-2-ylalkylbenzamidine derivatives as inhibitors of factor Xa
-
This invention is directed to N-acylpyrrolidin-2-ylalkylbenzamidine derivatives which useful for inhibiting the activity of Factor Xa, by contacting said derivatives with a composition containing Factor Xa. The present invention is also directed to compositions containing said derivatives, methods for their preparation, their use, such as in inhibiting the formation of thrombin or for treating a patient suffering from, or subject to, a disease state associated with a physiologically detrimental excess amount of thrombin.
- -
-
-
- Phosphabarrelene-rhodium complexes as highly active catalysts for isomerization free hydroformylation of internal alkenes
-
A new class of phosphabarrelene-rhodium catalysts is described which allows for the first time hydroformylation of internal alkenes with very high activity and which proceeds essentially free of alkene isomerization.
- Breit, Bernhard,Fuchs, Evelyn
-
p. 694 - 695
(2007/10/03)
-
- Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained 3-(N-alkylamino) propylphosphonic acids as potent agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors
-
A series of conformationally constrained analogs of 3 were synthesized and evaluated as S1P receptor agonists. Several novel scaffolds were identified as suitable for further investigation. A series of conformationally constrained 3-(N-alkylamino)propylphosphonic acids were systematically synthesized and their activities as S1P receptor agonists were evaluated. Several pyrrolidine and cyclohexane analogs had S1P receptor profiles comparable to the acyclic lead compound, 3-(N-tetradecylamino)propylphosphonic acid (3), lowered circulating lymphocytes in mice after iv administration and were thus identified as being suitable for further investigations.
- Yan, Lin,Hale, Jeffrey J.,Lynch, Christopher L.,Budhu, Richard,Gentry, Amy,Mills, Sander G.,Hajdu, Richard,Keohane, Carol Ann,Rosenbach, Mark J.,Milligan, James A.,Shei, Gan-Ju,Chrebet, Gary,Bergstrom, James,Card, Deborah,Rosen, Hugh,Mandala, Suzanne M.
-
p. 4861 - 4866
(2007/10/03)
-
- Evaluation of pyrrolidin-2-imines and 1,3-thiazolidin-2-imines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase
-
Syntheses and evaluation of pyrrolidin-2-imines and 1,3-thiazolidin-2- imines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are discussed. An extensive SAR was established for pyrrolidin-2-imines class of compounds. The amidines came out as the most potent inhibitors in addition to displaying selectivity.
- Shankaran,Donnelly, Karla L.,Shah, Shrenik K.,Guthikonda, Ravindra N.,MacCoss, Malcolm,Humes, John L.,Pacholok, Stephen G.,Grant, Stephan K.,Kelly,Wong
-
p. 4539 - 4544
(2007/10/03)
-
- N-acylpyrrolidin-2-ylalkylbenzamidine derivatives as inhibitors of factor Xa
-
This invention is directed to N-acylpyrrolidin-2-ylalkylbenzamidine derivatives which useful for inhibiting the activity of Factor Xa, by contacting said derivatives with a composition containing Factor Xa. The present invention is also directed to compos
- -
-
-
- A Method for Designing Conformationally Restricted Analogues Based on Allylic Strain: Synthesis of a Novel Class of Noncompetitive NMDA Receptor Antagonists Having the Acrylamide Structure
-
A series of conformationally restricted analogues of milnacipran, a weak NMDA receptor antagonist, were designed by a method based on allylic strain. The conformational analysis study showed that the allylic-strain-based conformational restriction indeed
- Ohmori, Yutaka,Yamashita, Akitake,Tsujita, Ryuichi,Yamamoto, Tamotsu,Taniuchi, Kaku,Matsuda, Akira,Shuto, Satoshi
-
p. 5326 - 5333
(2007/10/03)
-
- 2-Oxopropanal, Hydroxy-2-propanone, and 1-Pyrroline - Important Intermediates in the Generation of the Roast-Smelling Food Flavor Compounds 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-Acetyltetrahydropyridine
-
On the basis of labeling experiments with [13C]6-glucose/unlabeled proline as well as quantitative data obtained in model studies using stable isotope dilution assays, 1-pyrroline and hydroxy-2-propanone were identified as effective intermediates in generating the roast-smelling food odorant 2-acetyltetrahydropyridine (ATHP; two tautomers). Synthesis of the key precursor compound, 2-(1-hydroxy-2-oxo-propyl)pyrrolidine, and studies on its degradation confirmed the important role of this intermediate in ATHP formation. Boiling of the intermediate for 30 min in aqueous solution generated >30% of ATHP on a molar basis. 1-Pyrroline and 2-oxopropanal were confirmed as important intermediates in the generation of the further roast food odorant, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (AP). On the basis of results of labeling experiments with [13C]6-glucose/unlabeled proline, two different mechanisms could be proposed. One leads to AP via 2-(1,2-dioxopropyl)pyrrolidine as the precursor with elimination of the aldehyde group in 2-oxopropanal as carbon dioxide. The other one suggests elimination of carbon-2 of the pyrroline ring. The latter mechanism was further established by a result showing that from the reaction of 2-methyl- 1-pyrroline with 2-oxopropanal AP was also generated.
- Hofmann, Thomas,Schieberle, Peter
-
p. 2270 - 2277
(2007/10/03)
-
- Cyclic amidine analogs as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase
-
Disclosed herein are compounds of Formula I STR1 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which have been found useful in the treatment of nitric oxide synthase mediated diseases and disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders, disorders of gastrointestinal motility and inflammation. These disease and disorders include hypotension, septic shock, toxic shock syndrom, hemodialysis, IL-2 therapy such as in cancer patients, cachexia, immunosuppression such as in transplant therapy, autoimmune and/or inflammatory indications including sunburn or psoriasis and respiratory conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and acure respiratory distress (ARDS), myocarditis, heart failure, atherosclerosis, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic or inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), ocular conditions such as ocular hypertension and uveitis, type 1 diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cystic fibrosis. Compounds of Formula I are also usful in the treatment of hypoxia, hyperbaric oxygen convulsions and toxicity, dementia, Sydenham's chorea, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mulitple sclerosis, Korsakoff's disease, imbecility related to cerebral vessel disorder, ischemic brain edema, sleeping disorders, schizophrenia, depression, PMS, anxiety, drug addiction, pain, migraine, immune complex disease, as immunosupressive agents and for preventing or reversing tolerance to opiates and diazepines.
- -
-
-
- HETEROCYCLIC THROMBIN INHIBITORS
-
Heterocyclic thrombin inhibitors are provided which have the structure STR1 wherein n, R, R 1, R 2, R 3, G, G x, R. sup.6', Ra, Xa, R 6, Rb, R 3, p, Q, A and R 4 are as defined herein.
- -
-
-
- Method for the production of aldehydes
-
A process for the manufacture of aldehydes by the catalytic reduction of carboxylic acid halides with hydrogen in the presence of an alkylene oxide.
- -
-
-
- α-Lithioamine Synthetic Equivalents: Synthesis of Diastereoisomers from Boc Derivatives of Cyclic Amines
-
Sequences of α'-lithiations and electrophilic substitutions of Boc-pyrrolidines, Boc-piperidines, and Boc-hexahydroazepines that provide compounds which are substituted adjacent to nitrigen are reported, and the pathways of the reactions are discussed.By this methodology monosubstituted 2 and disubstituted 2,4, 2,6, and 2,5 Boc-piperidines are obtained as single or separable diastereoisomers consistent with equatorial lithiations and retentive electrophilic substitution in chair conformations.Both cis and trans 2,6-disubstituted diastereoisomers can be prepared, and control of diastereoselectivity is demonstrated by syntheses of solenopsin A, a 2,6-trans-disubstituted piperidine, and of Boc-dihydropinidine, a 2,6-cis-disubstituted piperidine.In the case of 3-methoxy-Boc-piperidine elimination of methoxide occurs upon lithiation, and with cis-2,4-disubstituted Boc-piperidines the electrophile is introduced with trans stereochemistry at C-6.These reactions are suggested to involve twist boat conformations consistent with an X-ray crystal structure of 2-methyl-6-(trimethylstannyl)-4-phenyl-N-Boc-piperidine.Boc-pyrrolidine lithiates more rapidly than Boc-piperidine, provides 2-substituted products with electrophiles, and on further lithiation-substitution gives 2,5-cis- and -trans substituted products.Boc-perhydroazepine provides 2-substituted products by the sequence and on further lithiation-substitution gives 2,7-trans-disubstituted products.
- Beak, Peter,Lee, Won Koo
-
p. 1109 - 1117
(2007/10/02)
-
- Dihydropyridinone approach to manzamines: An expedient construction of the tetracyclic core of manzamine A
-
A construction of the central tetracyclic core (19) of manzamine A (1) was successfully achieved by a highly efficient Diels-Alder reaction of the suitably protected dihydropyridinones (5) and Danishefsky's diene as a key strategy. Expedient conversion of
- Nakagawa, Masako,Torisawa, Yasuhiro,Hosaka, Toshihiro,Tanabe, Kiyoshi,Date, Tadamasa,Okamura, Kimio,Hino, Tohru
-
p. 4543 - 4546
(2007/10/02)
-
- Heterocyclic acetylenic amines having central nervous system activity
-
Heterocyclic acetylenic amine compounds having the following structural formula STR1 having cholinergic agonist or antagonist activity useful in the treatment of mental disorders, extrapyramidal motor disorders, disorders of the parasympathetic nervous system and glaucoma or as analgesics for the treatment of pain. Typical central nervous system disorders for which the subject compounds can be used include cognitive disorders of all ages, including senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease and other related disorders. The compounds are particularly developed to improve mental performance when a mental deficiency is diagnosed.
- -
-
-
- 1-substituted-2-(3-amino-1-propynyl)pyrrolidine derivatives
-
Compounds of the formula: STR1 pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compounds in the treatment of central cholinergic disfunction in a mammal are disclosed.
- -
-
-
- Synthesis of Analogues of 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate and Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate for Use in Studies of Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Aldolase
-
This paper describes the synthesis of five analogues of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (3-azidohydroxyacetone 1-phosphate (5), 3-(acetylamino)hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate (12), (R)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-butanone 1-phosphate (18), (+/-)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-butanone 3-phosphate (26), and phosphonomethyl glycolate (31)).The syntheses of 18 and 26 are based on a new reaction: that is, the introduction of the phosphate group by the reaction of a diazo ketone with dibenzyl phosphate.These methods provide easy access to a number of compounds that are potential substrates for the synthetically useful enzyme aldolase (fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle, EC 4.1.2.13, RAMA) and perhaps for other enzymes of glycolysis.This paper also describes syntheses of 14 aldehydes for examination as substrates for aldolase.When the precursor was available, ozonolysis of vinyl groups proved to be the best route to the corresponding aldehydes.
- Bischofberger, Norbert,Waldmann, Herbert,Saito, Tohru,Simon, Ethan S.,Lees, Watson,et al.
-
p. 3457 - 3465
(2007/10/02)
-
- Pyrrolidine derivatives
-
Pyrrolidine derivatives which have the formula SPC1 Wherein R and R1 each is hydrogen, --(CH2)6 COOH, --(CH2)6 COO-- lower alkyl, or --(CH2)6 COO benzyl and R2 is hydrogen, --CO--O--(CH2)5 CH3, --CO--NH--(CH2)5 CH3 --(CH2)7 CH3 or --CH=CH--CH(OH)--(CH2)4 --CH3, at least one of R and R1 is hydrogen and R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen, are new compounds which are useful as inhibitors of prostaglandin dehydrogenase and as potentiators of prostaglandin activity.
- -
-
-