- AQUEOUS COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING CHLORINE DIOXIDE USING AQUEOUS COMPOSITION
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An aqueous composition includes an activator, a chlorite ion source, and water. The aqueous composition is alkaline. The aqueous composition produces chlorine dioxide upon contact with an acid. A method of producing chlorine dioxide includes contacting the aqueous composition with an acid.
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- Enzyme-treated hesperidin, process for producing the same and method of using enzyme-treated hesperidin
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An enzyme-treated hesperidin, comprising alpha-glucosyl hesperidin, hesperidin and beta-monoglucosyl hesperetin, wherein the content of hesperidin is 0.1 part or less by weight; and that of beta-monoglucosyl hesperetin, 0.1 to 0.5 part by weight, on the basis of 1 part by weight of alpha-glucosyl hesperidin. The present invention also provides a process to produce enzyme-treated hesperidin, which comprises subjecting a solution containing alpha-glucosyl hesperidin and intact hesperidin to alpha-L-rhamnosidase to convert the intact hesperidin into beta-monoglucosyl hesperetin. The enzyme-treated hesperidin, which is excellent in water solubility and is free from crystal precipitation (clouding) even if stored for a prolonged period of time, can be produced from a material containing alpha-glucosylhesperidin and hesperidin by conducting the above simple treatment of material. The present invention further provides a method of using the enzyme-treated hesperidin. The enzyme-treated hesperidin can be used in the prevention of clouding of a canned tangerine and prevention of fading of natural coloring matter.
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- Viscous surfactant emulsion compositions
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Antiinfective water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions comprising amphoteric surfactants of betaines and amine oxides, hydrophobic materials and emulsion aids.
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- Citric acid extraction
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In the production of citric acid aqueous mother liquor originating from a lime/sulfuric acid process is subjected to a multi-stage counter-current extraction with an amine based organic extractant. A solution of a further amount of citric acid derived from direct extraction of a citric acid fermentation broth is judicously injected into the organic phase stream in the counter-current extraction and a combined extract is withdrawn from the operation. This extract can be subjected to any known treatment for the recovery of citric acid values.
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- Process for the production of bicyclo(3.3.0)octane-3,7-dione-2-carboxylic acid esters
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The invention relates to a process for the production of D,L-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione-2-carboxylic acid esters of Formula I STR1 wherein R is methyl or ethyl, and Z isoxygen or the ketal residue STR2 wherein X means ethylene, trimethylene or 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, characterized in that D,L-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione-2,6-dicarboxylic acid esters of Formula II STR3 wherein R has the meanings given above, are partially saponified and decarboxylated in an aqueous or water-containing medium in the presence of acids, and are optionally selectively ketalized.
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