- New (arylalkyl)azole derivatives showing anticonvulsant effects could have VGSC and/or GABAAR affinity according to molecular modeling studies
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(Arylalkyl)azoles (AAAs) emerged as a novel class of antiepileptic agents with the invention of nafimidone and denzimol. Several AAA derivatives with potent anticonvulsant activities have been reported so far, however neurotoxicity was usually an issue. We prepared a set of ester derivatives of 1-(2-naphthyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime and evaluated their anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects in mice. Most of our compounds were protective against maximal electroshock (MES)- and/or subcutaneous metrazol (s.c. MET)-induced seizures whereas none of them showed neurotoxicity. Nafimidone and denzimol have an activity profile similar to that of phenytoin or carbamazepine, both of which are known to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) as well as to enhance γ-aminobutiric acid (GABA)-mediated response. In order to get insights into the effects of our compounds on VGSCs and A-type GABA receptors (GABAARs) we performed docking studies using homology model of Na+channel inner pore and GABAAR as docking scaffolds. We found that our compounds bind VGSCs in similar ways as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. They showed strong affinity to benzodiazepine (BZD) binding site and their binding interactions were mainly complied with the experimental data and the reported BZD binding model.
- Sari, Suat,Karakurt, Arzu,Uslu, Harun,Kaynak, F. Betül,?al??, ünsal,Dalkara, Sevim
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Read Online
- High Chemo-/Stereoselectivity for Synthesis of Polysubstituted Monofluorinated Pyrimidyl Enol Ether Derivatives
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A novel intramolecular Smiles rearrangement of α-fluoro-β-keto-pyrimidylsulfones (usually used as a carbon nucleophile) was developed, providing a versatile avenue for synthesis of tri/tetra-substituted monofluorinated pyrimidyl enol ethers. Among these, diverse (Z)-monofluorovinylsulfones and sulfinates were efficiently assembled by adding extra electrophile and fine-tuning reaction conditions. The process is triggered by a keto-enol tautomerism from enol oxyanion to pyrimidine 2-carbon, completely different from the classical carbon nucleophilic addition reaction approach.
- Kang, Lei,Wang, Fang,Zhang, Jinlong,Yang, Huameng,Xia, Chungu,Qian, Jinlong,Jiang, Gaoxi
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supporting information
p. 1669 - 1674
(2021/03/08)
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- Base-Catalyzed Intramolecular Defluorination/O-Arylation Reaction for the Synthesis of 3-Fluoro-1,4-oxathiine 4,4-Dioxide
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A novel process involving base-catalyzed intramolecular defluorination/O-arylation of readily available α-fluoro-β-one-sulfones was realized and provided a series of 3-fluoro-1,4-oxathiine 4,4-dioxide derivatives in good to excellent yields. Unlike traditional defluorination reactions with stoichiometric base as the deacid reagent, this process is triggered by a catalytic amount of base (TMG: tetramethylguanidine) and molecular sieves serve as both an adsorbent to remove HF acid and an activator to assist C-F bond cleavage.
- Kang, Lei,Zhang, Jinlong,Yang, Huameng,Qian, Jinlong,Jiang, Gaoxi
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supporting information
p. 785 - 789
(2021/04/09)
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- An umpolung oxa-[2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement employing arynes for the synthesis of functionalized enol ethers
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An oxa-[2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement involving arynes is reported featuring the umpolung of ketones, where the C=O bond polarity is reversed. The in situ-generated sulfur ylides from β-keto thioethers and arynes undergo efficient rearrangement allowing the facile and robust synthesis of functionalized enol ethers in high yields and excellent functional group compatibility. Preliminary mechanistic studies rule out the possibility of Pummerer-type rearrangement operating in this case.
- Gaykar, Rahul N.,George, Malini,Guin, Avishek,Bhattacharjee, Subrata,Biju, Akkattu T.
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supporting information
p. 3447 - 3452
(2021/05/04)
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- Antifungal activity of 1,4-dialkoxynaphthalen-2-acyl imidazolium salts by inducing apoptosis of pathogenic candida spp.
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Even though Candida spp. are staying commonly on human skin, it is also an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that can cause candidiasis. The emergence of resistant Candida strains and the toxicity of antifungal agents have encouraged the development of new classes of potent antifungal agents. Novel naphthalen-2-acyl imidazolium salts (NAIMSs), especially 1,4-dialkoxy-NAIMS from 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, were prepared and evaluated for antifungal activity. Those derivatives showed prominent anti-Candida activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 to 6.26 μg/mL in 24 h based on microdilution antifungal susceptibility test. Among the tested com-pounds, NAIMS 7c showed strongest antifungal activity with 3.125 μg/mL MIC value compared with miconazole which showed 12.5 μg/mL MIC value against Candida spp., and more importantly >100 μg/mL MIC value against C. auris. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and JC-1 staining showed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in C. albicans by treatment with NAIMS 7c. The increased release of ultraviolet (UV) absorbing materials suggested that NAIMS 7c could cause cell busting. The expression of apoptosis-related genes was induced in C. albicans by NAIMS 7c treatment. Taken together, the synthetic NAIMSs are of high interest as novel antifungal agents given further in vivo examination.
- Lee, Jisue,Kim, Jae-Goo,Lee, Haena,Lee, Tae Hoon,Kim, Ki-Young,Kim, Hakwon
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- Novel Aryl-Substituted Pyrimidones as Inhibitors of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase with Antiproliferative Efficacy in Colon Cancer
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The enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) is one of the more recently identified mammalian sources of H2S. A recent study identified several novel 3-MST inhibitors with micromolar potency. Among those, (2-[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-one) or HMPSNE was found to be the most potent and selective. We now took the central core of this compound and modified the pyrimidone and the arylketone sides independently. A 63-compound library was synthesized; compounds were tested for H2S generation from recombinant 3-MST in vitro. Active compounds were subsequently tested to elucidate their potency and selectivity. Computer modeling studies have delineated some of the key structural features necessary for binding to the 3-MST's active site. Six novel 3-MST inhibitors were tested in cell-based assays: they exerted inhibitory effects in murine MC38 and CT26 colon cancer cell proliferation; the antiproliferative effect of the compound with the highest potency and best cell-based activity (1b) was also confirmed on the growth of MC38 tumors in mice.
- Bantzi, Marina,Augsburger, Fiona,Loup, Jérémie,Berset, Yan,Vasilakaki, Sofia,Myrianthopoulos, Vassilios,Mikros, Emmanuel,Szabo, Csaba,Bochet, Christian G.
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p. 6221 - 6240
(2021/05/06)
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- Chiral Bidentate Phosphoramidite-Pd Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Dipolar Cycloaddition for Multistereogenic Tetrahydrofurans with Cyclic N-Sulfonyl Ketimine Moieties
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An asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of vinyl ethylenecarbonates (VECs) and (E)-3-arylvinyl substituted benzo[d] isothiazole 1,1-dioxides has been developed using the Pd complex of a bidentate phosphoramidite (Me-BIPAM) as the catalyst, providing a wide variety of chiral multistereogenic vinyltetrahydrofurans in good yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, 99% ee).
- Lv, Hao-Peng,Yang, Xiao-Peng,Wang, Bai-Lin,Yang, Hao-Di,Wang, Xing-Wang,Wang, Zheng
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supporting information
p. 4715 - 4720
(2021/06/28)
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- Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric arylative cyclization of N-alkynones: Efficient access to 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines with a tertiary alcohol
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Nickel/(S)-t-Bu-PHOX complex catalyzed asymmetric arylative cyclization of N-alkynones has been achieved, delivering 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines containing a chiral tertiary alcohol in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities, which provides efficient access to chiral tetrahydropyridine and piperidine analogues.
- He, Lin,Li, Ruihao,Li, Wendian,Lv, Hui,Tian, Jiangyan
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supporting information
(2021/07/06)
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- Oxidation Potential-Guided Electrochemical Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling Approaches to 3-Sulfonylated Imidazopyridines and Indolizines
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Oxidation potential-guided electrochemical radical-radical cross-coupling reactions between N-heteroarenes and sodium sulfinates have been established. Thus, simple cyclic voltammetry measurement of substrates predicts the likelihood of successful radical-radical coupling reactions, allowing the simple and direct synthetic access to 3-sulfonylated imidazopyridines and indolizines. The developed electrochemical radical-radical cross-coupling reactions to sulfonylated N-heteroarenes boast the green synthetic nature of the reactions that are oxidant- and metal-free.
- Kim, Wansoo,Kim, Hun Young,Oh, Kyungsoo
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p. 15973 - 15991
(2021/07/26)
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- Ground-State Electron Transfer as an Initiation Mechanism for Biocatalytic C-C Bond Forming Reactions
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The development of non-natural reaction mechanisms is an attractive strategy for expanding the synthetic capabilities of substrate promiscuous enzymes. Here, we report an "ene"-reductase catalyzed asymmetric hydroalkylation of olefins using α-bromoketones as radical precursors. Radical initiation occurs via ground-state electron transfer from the flavin cofactor located within the enzyme active site, an underrepresented mechanism in flavin biocatalysis. Four rounds of site saturation mutagenesis were used to access a variant of the "ene"-reductase nicotinamide-dependent cyclohexanone reductase (NCR) from Zymomonas mobiles capable of catalyzing a cyclization to furnish β-chiral cyclopentanones with high levels of enantioselectivity. Additionally, wild-type NCR can catalyze intermolecular couplings with precise stereochemical control over the radical termination step. This report highlights the utility for ground-state electron transfers to enable non-natural biocatalytic C-C bond forming reactions.
- Fu, Haigen,Lam, Heather,Emmanuel, Megan A.,Kim, Ji Hye,Sandoval, Braddock A.,Hyster, Todd K.
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supporting information
p. 9622 - 9629
(2021/07/01)
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- Rhodium-Catalyzed Annulation of Phenacyl Ammonium Salts with Propargylic Alcohols via a Sequential Dual C-H and a C-C Bond Activation: Modular Entry to Diverse Isochromenones
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Given their omnipresence in natural products and pharmaceuticals, isochromenone congeners are one of the most privileged scaffolds to synthetic chemists. Disclosed herein is a dual (ortho/meta) C-H and C-C activation of phenacyl ammonium salts (acylammonium as traceless directing group) toward annulation with propargylic alcohols to accomplish rapid access for novel isochromenones by means of rhodium catalysis from readily available starting materials. This operationally simple protocol features broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance. Importantly, the protocol circumvents the need of any stoichiometric metal oxidants and proceeds under aerobic conditions.
- Nanubolu, Jagadeesh Babu,Reddy Singam, Maneesh Kumar,Sridhar Reddy, Maddi,Suresh, Vavilapalli,Suri Babu, Undamatla
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supporting information
p. 7888 - 7893
(2021/10/25)
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- Acridine Orange Hemi(Zinc Chloride) Salt as a Lewis Acid-Photoredox Hybrid Catalyst for the Generation of α-Carbonyl Radicals
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A readily accessible organic-inorganic hybrid catalyst is reported for the reductive fragmentation of α-halocarbonyl compounds. The robust hybrid catalyst is a self-stabilizing combination of ZnCl2 Lewis acid and acridine orange as the photoactive organic dye. Mechanistic specifics of this hybrid catalyst have been studied in detail using both photophysical and electrochemical experiments. A systematic study enabled the discovery of the appropriate Lewis acid for the effective LUMO stabilization of α-halocarbonyl compounds and thereby lowering of reduction potential within the range of a standard organic dye. This strategy resolves the issues like dehalogenative hydrogenation or homo-coupling of alkyl radicals by guiding the photoredox cycle through an oxidative quenching pathway. The cooperativity between the photoactive organic dye and the Lewis acid counterparts empowers functionalization with a wide range of coupling partners through efficient and controlled generation of alkyl radicals and serves as an appropriate alternative to the expensive late transition metal-based photocatalysts. To demonstrate the application potential of this cooperative catalytic system, four different synthetic transformations of α-carbonyl bromides were explored with broad substrate scopes.
- Das, Sanju,De Sarkar, Suman,Mandal, Tanumoy
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supporting information
(2021/12/10)
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- A practical synthesis of α-bromo/iodo/chloroketones from olefins under visible-light irradiation conditions
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A practical synthesis of α-bromo/iodo/chloroketones from olefins under visible-light irradiation conditions has been developed. In the presence of PhI(OAc)2 as promoter and under ambient conditions, the reactions of styrenes and triiodomethane undergo the transformation smoothly to deliver the corresponding α-iodoketones without additional photocatalyst in good yields under sunlight irradiation. Meanwhile, the reactions of styrenes with tribromomethane and trichloromethane generate the desired α-bromoketones and α-chloroketones in high yields by using Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as a photocatalyst under blue LED (450–455 nm) irradiation.
- Wang, Zhihui,Wang, Lei,Wang, Zhiming,Li, Pinhua,Zhang, Yicheng
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supporting information
p. 429 - 432
(2020/02/29)
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- Usnic Acid Enaminone-Coupled 1,2,3-Triazoles as Antibacterial and Antitubercular Agents
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(+)-Usnic acid, a product of secondary metabolism in lichens, has displayed a broad range of biological properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal activities. Interested by these pharmacological activities and to tap into its potential, we herein present the synthesis and biological evaluation of new usnic acid enaminone-conjugated 1,2,3-triazoles 10-44 as antimycobacterial agents. (+)-Usnic acid was condensed with propargyl amine to give usnic acid enaminone 8 with a terminal ethynyl moiety. It was further reacted with various azides A1-A35 under copper catalysis to give triazoles 10-44 in good yields. Among the synthesized compounds, saccharin derivative 36 proved to be the most active analogue, inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) at an MIC value of 2.5 μM. Analogues 16 and 27, with 3,4-difluorophenacyl and 2-acylnaphthalene units, respectively, inhibited Mtb at MIC values of 5.4 and 5.3 μM, respectively. Among the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the new derivatives were active on Bacillus subtilis, with compounds 18 [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenacyl] and 29 (N-acylmorpholinyl) showing inhibitory concentrations of 41 and 90.7 μM, respectively, while they were inactive on the other tested bacterial strains. Overall, the study presented here is useful for converting natural (+)-usnic acid into antitubercular and antibacterial agents via incorporation of enaminone and 1,2,3-triazole functionalities.
- Bangalore, Pavan K.,Vagolu, Siva K.,Bollikanda, Rakesh K.,Veeragoni, Dileep K.,Choudante, Pallavi C.,Misra, Sunil,Sriram, Dharmarajan,Sridhar, Balasubramanian,Kantevari, Srinivas
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supporting information
p. 26 - 35
(2020/01/03)
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- Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Olefination: Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Butadienes and Macrocyclic P-glycoprotein Inhibitors
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The efficient and stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted butadienes, especially the multifunctional butadienes, represents a great challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we wish to report a distinctive Pd(0) carbene-initiated decarboxylative olefination approach that enables the direct coupling of diazo esters with vinylethylene carbonates (VECs), vinyl oxazolidinones, or vinyl benzoxazinones to afford alcohol-, amine-, or aniline-containing 1,3-dienes in moderate to high yields and with excellent stereoselectivity. This protocol features operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and gram-scalability. Notably, a structurally unique allylic Pd(II) intermediate was isolated and characterized. DFT calculation and control experiments demonstrated that a rare Pd(0) carbene intermediate could be involved in this reaction. Moreover, the polysubstituted butadienes as novel building blocks were unprecedentedly assembled into macrocycles, which efficiently inhibited the P-glycoprotein and dramatically reversed multidrug resistance in cancer cells by 190-fold.
- Chen, Xiangyang,Hao, Jiping,Houk, K. N.,Li, Yingzi,Lou, Liguang,Quan, Haitian,Song, Bichao,Wang, Lu,Xia, Yuanzhi,Xie, Peipei,Xu, Zhongliang,Yang, Weibo
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supporting information
p. 9982 - 9992
(2020/06/27)
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- Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Dual-Stage Antimalarial Pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridines
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Malaria remains one of the most deadly infectious diseases, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, primarily in young children and pregnant mothers. Here, we report the discovery and derivatization of a series of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines targeting Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest species of the malaria parasite. Hit compounds in this series display sub-micromolar in vitro activity against the intraerythrocytic stage of the parasite as well as little to no toxicity against the human fibroblast BJ and liver HepG2 cell lines. In addition, our hit compounds show good activity against the liver stage of the parasite but little activity against the gametocyte stage. Parasitological profiles, including rate of killing, docking, and molecular dynamics studies, suggest that our compounds may target the Qo binding site of cytochrome bc1.
- Eagon, Scott,Hammill, Jared T.,Sigal, Martina,Ahn, Kevin J.,Tryhorn, Julia E.,Koch, Grant,Belanger, Briana,Chaplan, Cory A.,Loop, Lauren,Kashtanova, Anna S.,Yniguez, Kenya,Lazaro, Horacio,Wilkinson, Steven P.,Rice, Amy L.,Falade, Mofolusho O.,Takahashi, Rei,Kim, Katie,Cheung, Ashley,Dibernardo, Celine,Kimball, Joshua J.,Winzeler, Elizabeth A.,Eribez, Korina,Mittal, Nimisha,Gamo, Francisco-Javier,Crespo, Benigno,Churchyard, Alisje,García-Barbazán, Irene,Baum, Jake,Anderson, Marc O.,Laleu, Beno?t,Guy, R. Kiplin
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p. 11902 - 11919
(2020/11/26)
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- Selective Debromination of α,α,α-Tribromomethylketones with HBr–H2O Reductive Catalytic System
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A debromination of α,α,α-tribromomethylketones is developed for chemoselective synthesis of α-mono- and α,α-dibromomethylketones with high selectivity under H2O–HBr reductive conditions. This method offers an efficient and direct way to synthesize α-mono or α,α-dibromomethylketone compounds in high to excellent yields through the process of HBr self-circulation in water.
- Cheng, Zhao,Guo, Hongmei,Huang, Guozheng,Rexit, Abulikemu Abudu,Wang, Hui,Zheng, Meng-Xia
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p. 6455 - 6458
(2020/10/21)
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- Structure-Based Design of N-(5-Phenylthiazol-2-yl)acrylamides as Novel and Potent Glutathione S-Transferase Omega 1 Inhibitors
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Using reported glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1-1) cocrystal structures, we designed and synthesized acrylamide-containing compounds that covalently bind to Cys32 on the catalytic site. Starting from a thiazole derivative 10 (GSTO1-1 IC50 = 0.6 μM), compound 18 was synthesized and cocrystallized with GSTO1. Modification on the amide moiety of hit compound 10 significantly increased the GSTO1-1 inhibitory potency. We solved the cocrystal structures of new derivatives, 37 and 44, bearing an amide side chain bound to GSTO1. These new structures showed a reorientation of the phenyl thiazole core of inhibitors, 37 and 44, when compared to 18. Guided by the cocrystal structure of GSTO1:44, analogue 49 was designed, resulting in the most potent GSTO1-1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.22 ± 0.02 nM) known to date. We believe that our data will form the basis for future studies of developing GSTO1-1 as a new drug target for cancer therapy.
- Dai, Weiyang,Samanta, Soma,Xue, Ding,Petrunak, Elyse M.,Stuckey, Jeanne A.,Han, Yanyan,Sun, Duxin,Wu, Yong,Neamati, Nouri
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p. 3068 - 3087
(2019/03/07)
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- Synergy of Anodic Oxidation and Cathodic Reduction Leads to Electrochemical C—H Halogenation
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We herein uncovered an electrochemical C—H halogenation protocol that synergistically combines anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction for C—X bond formation. The reaction was demonstrated under exogenous-oxidant-free conditions. Moreover, this is the first example of activating CBr4, CHBr3, and CCl3Br under electrochemical conditions.
- Zhou, Zhilin,Yuan, Yong,Cao, Yangmin,Qiao, Jin,Yao, Anjin,Zhao, Jing,Zuo, Wanqing,Chen, Wenjie,Lei, Aiwen
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supporting information
p. 611 - 615
(2019/05/10)
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- Diaryl-containing imidazole compound and preparation method and medical application thereof
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The invention discloses a diaryl-containing imidazole compound. The invention further discloses application of the diaryl-containing imidazole compound to preparation of drugs for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease. The inventor screens butyrylcholine esterase and IDO1 as carriers for inhibiting the activity to evaluate the effect of the diaryl imidazole compound to treat Alzheimer's disease, and finds that the diaryl imidazole compound has good in vitro activity, and can be further developed as a precursor substance for performing the Alzheimer's disease resistant effect by inhibitingthe activity of cholinesterase. (The formula is shown in the description).
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Paragraph 0201; 0202; 0203
(2019/02/21)
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- Synthesis, in vivo anticonvulsant testing, and molecular modeling studies of new nafimidone derivatives
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An estimated 50 million people suffer epilepsy worldwide and 30% of the cases do not respond to current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Here, we report synthesis and anticonvulsant screening of new derivatives of nafimidone, a well-known member of (arylakyl)azole anticonvulsants. The compounds showed promising protection against maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures in mice and rats when administered via intraperitoneal (ip) and oral route. Especially, 5b, 5c, and 5i displayed outstanding activity in rats in MES test when given ip (ED50: 16.0, 15.8, and 11.8 mg/kg, respectively). Additionally, 5l was active against 6 Hz and corneal-kindled mice models. Behavioral toxicity of the compounds was very low and their therapeutic indexes were high compared to some currently available AEDs. A number of pharmaceutically relevant descriptors and properties were predicted for the compounds in silico in comparison with a set of known drugs. Favorable results were obtained such as good blood–brain barrier permeability and high oral absorption, as well as drug-likeness. 5l was found to show affinity to the benzodiazepine binding site of A-type GABA receptor via molecular docking simulations.
- Acar, Mustafa F.,Sari, Suat,Dalkara, Sevim
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p. 606 - 616
(2019/04/26)
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- Identification and characterization of benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one derivatives as the first potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors of chromodomain protein CDYL
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Chemical probes of epigenetic ‘readers’ of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) have become powerful tools for mechanistic and functional studies of their target proteins in physiology and pathology. However, only limited ‘reader’ probes have been developed, which restricted our understanding towards these macromolecules and their roles in cells or animals. Here, we reported a structure-guided approach to develop and characterize benzo [d]oxazol-2(3H)-one analogs as the first potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors of chromodomain Y-like (CDYL), a histone methyllysine reader protein. The binding conformation between the chromodomain of CDYL and the modified peptidomimetics was studied via molecular docking and dynamic simulations, facilitating subsequent virtual screening of tens of hits from Specs chemical library validated by SPR technique (KD values: from 271.1 μM to 5.4 μM). Further design and synthesis of 43 compounds helped to interpret the structure-activity relationship (SAR) that lead to the discovery of novel small-molecule inhibitors of CDYL. Compound D03 (KD: 0.5 μM) was discovered and showed excellent selectivity among other chromodomain proteins, including CDYL2 (>140 folds), CDY1 (no observed binding) and CBX7 (>32 folds). Moreover, we demonstrated that D03 engaged with endogenous CDYL in a dose-dependent manner, and perturbed the recruitment of CDYL onto chromatin, resulting in transcriptional derepression of its target genes. Finally, the results showed that D03 promoted the development and branching of neurodendrites by inhibiting CDYL in hippocampal and cortical cultured neurons. This study not only discovers the first selective small-molecule inhibitors of CDYL, but provids a new chemical tool to intervene the dynamic nature of bio-macromolecules involved in epigenetic mechanism.
- Yang, Lixin,Liu, Yongqing,Fan, Minghua,Zhu, Guiwang,Jin, Hongwei,Liang, Jing,Liu, Zhenming,Huang, Zhuo,Zhang, Liangren
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- Method of utilizing micro channel reactor to prepare pentafluorophenoxyl ketones continuously
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The invention discloses a method of utilizing a micro channel reactor to prepare pentafluorophenoxyl ketones continuously. Cheap and easily available styrene and pentafluorophenol are taken as the primary raw materials, two step continuous reactions are carried out in a micro channel reactor to obtain pentafluorophenoxyl ketones, the reaction time is shortened to several minutes from several hours; the product yield is high, the reaction efficiency is obviously enhanced, no any pricy organic catalyst or metal catalyst is needed, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the preparation technology is easy to control, the safety is high, the reaction conditions are mild, and the method can be applied to industrial production.
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Paragraph 0054-0055
(2019/06/30)
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- Synthesis of (Z)-nitroalkene derivatives through oxidative dehydrogenation coupling of α-aminocarbonyl compounds with nitromethane by copper catalysis
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A novel copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of α-amino carbonyl compounds with nitromethane to synthesis of (Z)-nitroalkene derivatives has been established. (Z)-Nitroalkene derivatives are achieved through the cleavage of sp3 CsbndH bonds and formation of CsbndC double bond, with mild reaction conditions and excellent stereoselectivity.
- Zhu, Menghua,Chen, De,Zeng, Sheng,Xing, Chenhu,Deng, Wei,Xiang, Jiannan,Wang, Rui-Jia
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supporting information
p. 3214 - 3219
(2018/07/21)
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- Divergent synthesis of N-heterocycles by Pd-catalyzed controllable cyclization of vinylethylene carbonates
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Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed controllable cyclization of vinyl ethylene carbonates that proceeds through formal migration [2+3] and [5+2] cycloadditions, respectively, under mild conditions. The transformation described here affords a series of synthetically versatile 5,7-membered N-heterocycles which are found in natural products and pharmaceuticals with biological and medicinal properties.
- Yang, Yuwen,Yang, Weibo
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supporting information
p. 12182 - 12185
(2018/11/21)
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- Facile and efficient preparation of α-halomethyl ketones from α-diazo ketones catalyzed by iron(III) halides and silica gel
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An efficient and mild method for the synthesis of α-halomethyl ketones from α-diazo ketones was developed using ferric chloride or bromide as the halogen source and silica gel as the hydrogen source, with good to excellent yields.
- Shi, Xinxia,Zhang, Lingqiong,Yang, Pengfei,Sun, Han,Zhang, Yilan,Xie, Chunsong,Ou-yang, Zhen,Wang, Min
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supporting information
p. 1200 - 1203
(2018/03/08)
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- Tropylium Ion Catalyzes Hydration Reactions of Alkynes
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The hydration of alkynes is one of the most atom-economic and versatile synthetic protocols to access carbonyl compounds. This fundamental reaction, however, often requires transition-metal catalysts or harsh reaction conditions to promote the addition of water to the carbon–carbon triple bond. In this work, it is demonstrated that the non-benzenoid aromatic tropylium ion can be used as an organic Lewis acid promoter for the hydration of alkynes under simple reaction conditions with excellent outcomes.
- Oss, Giulia,Ho, Junming,Nguyen, Thanh Vinh
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supporting information
p. 3974 - 3981
(2018/08/17)
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- Design, synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of novel β-carbolinium bromides
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A series of novel β-carbolinium bromides has been synthesized from easily accessible β-carbolines and 1-aryl-2-bromoethanones. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity. Among the synthesized derivatives, compounds 16l, 16o and 16s exhibited potent anticancer activity with IC50values of 50= 3.16–7.93 μM). In order to test the mechanism of cell death, we exposed castration resistant prostate cancer cell line (C4-2) to compounds 16l and 16s, which resulted in increased levels of cleaved PARP1 and AO/EB staining, indicating that β-carbolinium salts induce apoptosis in these cells. Additionally, the most potent β-carbolines 16l and 16s were found to inhibit tubulin polymerization.
- Venkataramana Reddy,Mishra, Shriprada,Tantak, Mukund P.,Nikhil, Kumar,Sadana, Rachna,Shah, Kavita,Kumar, Dalip
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supporting information
p. 1379 - 1384
(2017/03/08)
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- 2-AMINO-1,3,4-THIADIAZINE AND 2-AMINO-1,3,4-OXADIAZINE BASED ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
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The invention provides a compound which is a diazine of formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as an antifungal agent: (I) wherein X, N', C', A and E are as defined herein. The invention also provides a compound of Formula (I) as defined herein.
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Page/Page column 64
(2017/02/09)
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- Rh/DuanPhos-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β-Acetylamino Vinylsulfides: An Approach to Chiral β-Acetylamino Sulfides
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Rh/DuanPhos-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging β-acetylamino vinylsulfides has been developed, affording chiral β-acetylamino sulfides with high yields and excellent ee's (up to 99% ee). This novel methodology provides an efficient and concise synthetic route to chiral β-acetylamino sulfides. The potential utility of this protocol in the synthesis of Apremilast has also been disclosed.
- Gao, Wenchao,Lv, Hui,Zhang, Xumu
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supporting information
p. 2877 - 2880
(2017/06/07)
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- Trisubstituted Pyridinylimidazoles as Potent Inhibitors of the Clinically Resistant L858R/T790M/C797S EGFR Mutant: Targeting of Both Hydrophobic Regions and the Phosphate Binding Site
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Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor represents one of the most promising strategies in the treatment of lung cancer. Acquired resistance compromises the clinical efficacy of EGFR inhibitors during long-term treatment. The recently discovered EGFR-C797S mutation causes resistance against third-generation EGFR inhibitors. Here we present a rational approach based on extending the inhibition profile of a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor toward mutant EGFR inhibition. We used a privileged scaffold with proven cellular potency as well as in vivo efficacy and low toxicity. Guided by molecular modeling, we synthesized and studied the structure-activity relationship of 40 compounds against clinically relevant EGFR mutants. We successfully improved the cellular EGFR inhibition down to the low nanomolar range with covalently binding inhibitors against a gefitinib resistant T790M mutant cell line. We identified additional noncovalent interactions, which allowed us to develop metabolically stable inhibitors with high activities against the osimertinib resistant L858R/T790M/C797S mutant.
- Günther, Marcel,Lategahn, Jonas,Juchum, Michael,D?ring, Eva,Keul, Marina,Engel, Julian,Tumbrink, Hannah L.,Rauh, Daniel,Laufer, Stefan
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supporting information
p. 5613 - 5637
(2017/07/22)
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- Citric Acid-catalyzed Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Thiazoles from Ketones via C–Br, C–S, and C–N Bond Formations in One Pot: A Green Approach
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An improved and greener protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles via C–Br, C–S, and, C–N bond formations in a single step from readily available ketones, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and thiourea catalyzed by citric acid in a mixture of ethanol and water (3:1) under reflux conditions. This method has the advantages of freedom from the isolation of lachrymatory α-bromoketones, ease of carrying out, cleaner reaction profile, broad substrate scope, freedom from chromatographic purification, and suitability for large-scale synthesis.
- Gundala, Trivikram Reddy,Godugu, Kumar,Nallagondu, Chinna Gangi Reddy
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p. 1408 - 1416
(2017/10/23)
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- Water-controlled selective preparation of α-mono or α,α′-dihalo ketones: Via catalytic cascade reaction of unactivated alkynes with 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
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The control of a reaction that can produce multiple products from the same starting material is a highly attractive and challenging concept in organic synthesis. An efficient protocol for the selective synthesis of α-mono or α,α′-dihalo ketones via a water-controlled three-component thiourea-catalyzed cascade reaction of unactivated alkynes, 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and water has been developed. α-Monohaloketones were obtained in aqueous acetone at 45 °C; conversely, α,α′-dihalo ketones were formed with pure water as the sole solvent at room temperature.
- Wu, Chao,Xin, Xiu,Fu, Zhi-Min,Xie, Long-Yong,Liu, Kai-Jian,Wang, Zheng,Li, Wenyi,Yuan, Zhi-Hui,He, Wei-Min
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p. 1983 - 1989
(2017/06/09)
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- Discovery of a new class of 16-membered (2: Z,11 Z)-3,11-di(aryl/naphthyl)-1,13-dioxa-5,9-dithia-2,12-diazacyclohexadeca-2,11-dienes as anti-tumor agents
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A series of new 16-membered small macrocyclic compounds, (2Z,11Z)-3,11-di(aryl/naphthyl)-1,13-dioxa-5,9-dithia-2,12-diazacyclohexadeca-2,11-dienes (1a-k) were designed and developed by a simple and practical synthetic route from readily available substrates using simple organic transformations. Evaluation of in vitro anti-tumor activities on human triple negative breast cancer cells MDAMB-231 cell lines reveal that the macrocycles, 1a, 1f, 1g, 1i and 1k are promising anti-tumor compounds as evidenced from inhibition of cell migration and proliferation, upregulation of anti-tumor genes p53, MDA7 and TRAIL. The anti-proliferative effect of macrocycles is specific to cancer cells but no cytotoxic effect on normal breast epithelial cells has been observed (MCF10A). The developed synthetic route is free from metals, protecting groups and air-free techniques. The structure of macrocycle (1e) is confirmed by single crystal XRD studies.
- Bodireddy, Mohan Reddy,Mahla, Ranjeet Singh,Khaja Mohinuddin, P. Md.,Reddy, G. Trivikram,Raghava Prasad, D. Vijaya,Kumar, Himanshu,Reddy, N. C. Gangi
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p. 75651 - 75663
(2016/08/24)
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- Aq HBr–NaNO2–KI/air: a new catalytic system for α-monobromination of ketones
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An efficient approach for α-bromination of aryl alkyl ketones, utilizing a system consisting of aqueous hydrobromic acid as bromine source, sodium nitrite–KI as catalyst, and air as terminal oxidant, has been developed. The method offers advantages of selective monobromination, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and good yield. The use of air as the terminal oxidant makes the reaction very attractive from both economical and environmental viewpoints.
- Ghorpade, Archana K.,Huddar, Sameerana N.,Akamanchi, Krishnacharya G.
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supporting information
p. 4918 - 4921
(2016/10/22)
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- Synthesis, activity, and docking study of phenylthiazole acids as potential agonists of PPARγ
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-mediated transcription factor playing key roles in glucose and lipid homeostasis, and PPARγ ligands possess therapeutic potential in these as well as other areas. In this study, a series of phenylthiazole acids have been synthesized and evaluated for agonistic activity by a convenient fluorescence polarization-based PPARγ ligand screening assay. Compound 4t, as a potential PPARγ agonist with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) 0.75±0.20 μM, exhibited in vitro potency comparable with a 0.83±0.14 μM of the positive control rosiglitazone. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that phenylthiazole acid 4t interacted with the amino acid residues of the active site of the PPARγ complex in a stable manner, consistent with the result of the in vitro ligand assay.
- Ma, Liang,Wang, Taijin,Shi, Min,Ye, Haoyu
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p. 1807 - 1815
(2016/06/09)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Chemo- and Enantioselective C?O Bond Cleavage of α-Acyloxy Ketones by Hydrogenolysis
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A chemoselective C?O bond cleavage of the ester alkyl side-chain of α-acyloxy ketones was realized for the first time by a highly efficient palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis (S/C=6000, the highest catalytic efficiency by far). Furthermore, a kinetic resolution of α-acyloxy ketones was first developed by enantioselective hydrogenolysis with good yields and up to 99 % ee.
- Chen, Jianzhong,Zhang, Zhenfeng,Liu, Delong,Zhang, Wanbin
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supporting information
p. 8444 - 8447
(2016/07/19)
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- A metal-free hydrogenation of 3-substituted 2H-1,4-benzoxazines
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A metal-free hydrogenation of 3-substituted 2H-1,4-benzoxazines has been successfully realized with 2.5 mol% of B(C6F5)3 as a catalyst to furnish a variety of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines in 93-99% yields. Up to 42% ee was also achieved for the asymmetric hydrogenation with the use of a chiral diene and HB(C6F5)2.
- Wei, Simin,Feng, Xiangqing,Du, Haifeng
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supporting information
p. 8026 - 8029
(2016/09/09)
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- Method for preparing 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazine derivatives
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The invention provides a method for preparing 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazine derivatives. The method comprises the following step: carrying out reduction reaction on [b][1,4]oxazines in the presence of hydrogen gas by using B(C6F5)3 as a catalyst to obtain the mixture containing the 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazines disclosed as Formula I. Benzo[b][1,4]oxazines in different structures are used as a substrate to synthesize the benzo[b][1,4]oxazines at high yield by using the B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst. The method has the advantages of cheap and accessible raw materials, high reaction activity, no participation of transition metals and wide substrate application range, and has huge industrialization potential.
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Paragraph 0077
(2016/10/10)
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- Highly Efficient Synthesis of α-Halomethylketones via Ce(SO4)2/Acid Co-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes
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A general atom-economical approach for the synthesis of α-halomethyl ketones is demonstrated through Ce(SO4)2/acid co-catalyzed hydration of a wide range of haloalkynes. The reactions are conducted under convenient conditions and provide products with excellent regioselectivity in good to excellent yields, with broad substrate scope. This protocol is an alternative to conventional α-halogenation of ketones.
- Zou, Huaxu,Jiang, Jun,Yi, Niannian,Fu, Wenqiang,Deng, Wei,Xiang, Jiannan
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supporting information
p. 1251 - 1254
(2016/12/27)
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- First Catalyzed Hydration of Haloalkynes by a Recyclable Catalytic System
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The hydration of haloalkynes to give α-halomethyl ketones was achieved based on a combination of a Cu(OAc)2 catalyst and a TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) promoter. This is the first synthesis of chloro/bromo/iodo methyl ketones through a hydration reaction catalyzed by a recyclable catalytic system. The catalytic system has a wide substrate scope and excellent chemoselectivity, and the procedure can also be scaled up.
- Zou, Huaxu,He, Weibao,Dong, Qizhi,Wang, Ruijia,Yi, Niannian,Jiang, Jun,Pen, Dongming,He, Weimin
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p. 116 - 121
(2016/01/26)
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- Synthesis, anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities of some new [1-(2-naphthyl)-2-(pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone]oxime ethers
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In this study, 12 new oxime ether derivatives, which were expected to show anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities, were synthesized. Oxime ether derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various alkyl halides with 1-(2- naphthyl)-2-(pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime. Anticonvulsant activity of the compounds was determined by maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazol (ScM) seizure tests, while neurological disorders were evaluated using rotorod toxicity test according to the ASP of NIH. Compound 1, 6 and 7 showed anticonvulsant activity at 300 mg/kg dose at 4 h, but compounds 1 and 7 showed toxicity at 300 mg/kg dose at half an hour. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were also determined using agar microdilution method. Compound 1 and 5 were found to have the highest antifungal activity among the other compounds.
- ?zdemir, Zeynep,Karakurt, Arzu,?ali?, ünsal,Gü.nal, Selami,I?ik, ?amil,?ahin, Z. Sibel,Dalkara, Sevim
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- Molybdenum(vi) tris(dithiolene) complexes as a new class of three-dimensional two-photon absorption chromophores at telecommunications wavelengths
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Two molybdenum(vi) tris(dithiolene) complexes with phenyl or naphthyl substituents were synthesized and their two-photon absorption properties were investigated by an open-aperture Z-scan technique using near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Both of these complexes exhibited significant two-photon cross sections around the wavelength of 1.3 μm, with the naphthyl substituted complex showing a two-photon cross section of 660 × 10 -50 cm4 s-1 photon-1, suggesting a new class of three-dimensional chromophore for use at telecommunications wavelengths.
- Qu, Li,Makarov, Nikolay S.,Zhong, Cheng,Perry, Joseph W.,Qin, Jingui
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p. 614 - 617
(2014/01/06)
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- 2- and 3-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines as inhibitors of bacterial type IV secretion
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A novel series of 8-amino imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives has been developed as inhibitors of the VirB11 ATPase HP0525, a key component of the bacterial type IV secretion system. A flexible synthetic route to both 2- and 3-aryl substituted regioisomers has been developed. The resulting series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines has been used to probe the structure-activity relationships of these inhibitors, which show potential as antibacterial agents.
- Sayer, James R.,Walldn, Karin,Pesnot, Thomas,Campbell, Frederick,Gane, Paul J.,Simone, Michela,Koss, Hans,Buelens, Floris,Boyle, Timothy P.,Selwood, David L.,Waksman, Gabriel,Tabor, Alethea B.
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p. 6459 - 6470
(2015/01/09)
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- Silica gel catalyzed α-bromination of ketones using N-bromosuccinimide: An easy and rapid method
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An easy and rapid method for the α-bromination of ketones using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) catalyzed by silica gel in methanol under reflux conditions was developed. The expected products were formed in excellent isolated yields within a short period of time (5-20 min). Major advantages of the present procedure include use of inexpensive and readily available catalyst, exclusion of pre- and post-chemical treatment of catalyst and use of methanol as solvent instead of ethers and chlorinated solvents.
- Mohan Reddy, Bodireddy,Venkata Ramana Kumar, Velpula,Chinna Gangi Reddy, Nallagondu,Mahender Rao, Siripragada
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p. 179 - 182
(2014/02/14)
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- AgF/TFA-promoted highly efficient synthesis of α-haloketones from haloalkynes
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A AgF/TFA-promoted highly efficient synthesis of a wide range of α-haloketones from haloalkynes is described. The reactions are conducted under convenient conditions and provide products in moderate to excellent yields, with broad substrate scope, including a variety of aromatic chloroalkynes and bromoalkynes.
- Chen, Zheng-Wang,Ye, Dong-Nai,Ye, Min,Zhou, Zhong-Gao,Li, Shen-Huan,Liu, Liang-Xian
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supporting information
p. 1373 - 1375
(2014/03/21)
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- One-pot preparation of arylethynyl sulfides and bis(arylethynyl) sulfides
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An efficient preparation for arylethynyl sulfides 1 and bis(arylethynyl) sulfides 2 has been accomplished through a one-pot, three-step strategy that starts from arylethanonyl sulfides and bis(arylethanonyl) sulfides, respectively, without the use of various terminal arylacetylenes as substrates. When lithium hexamethyldisilazane (LHMDS), ClP(O)(OEt)2, and LHMDS were sequentially added to a tetrahydrofuran solution of different substrates [arylethanonyl sulfides or bis(arylethanonyl) sulfides], 1 or 2 were obtained in moderate to good yields. The reaction procedure involves the formation of an enol phosphate and a subsequent base-induced elimination. An efficient preparation of arylethynyl sulfides 1 and bis(arylethynyl) sulfides 2 has been accomplished by a one-pot, three-step strategy that starts from arylethanonyl sulfides and bis(arylethanonyl) sulfides, respectively, to give 1 and 2 in moderate to good yields. The reaction mechanism involves the formation of an enol phosphate that undergoes a subsequent base-induced elimination. Copyright
- Su, Qiong,Zhao, Zi-Jian,Xu, Feng,Lou, Peng-Cai,Zhang, Kai,Xie, De-Xun,Shi, Lei,Cai, Qing-Yun,Peng, Zhi-Hong,An, De-Lie
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supporting information
p. 1551 - 1557
(2013/04/23)
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- Regioselective α-bromination of aralkyl ketones using n-bromosuccinimide in the presence of montmorillonite K-10 clay: A simple and efficient method
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A simple and more convenient method has been developed for regioselective α-bromination of various aralkyl ketones with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of Montmorillonite K-10 catalyst in methanol at 60-65 °C. The present procedure offers advantages of short reaction time, simple workup, good yields of products and reusability of the catalyst for four times without loss of activity. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications to view the free supplemental file.
- Mohan, Reddy Bodireddy,Reddy, N. C. Gangi
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p. 2603 - 2614
(2013/07/26)
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- Fast and efficient bromination of aromatic compounds with ammonium bromide and Oxone
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A highly efficient, rapid and regioselective protocol was developed for the ring bromination of aromatic compounds under mild conditions with ammonium bromide as a source of bromine source and Oxone (potassium peroxysulfate) as an oxidant. No metal catalyst or acidic additive is required. A variety of aromatic compounds, including methoxy, hydroxy, amino, and alkyl arenes, reacted smoothly to give the corresponding monobrominated products in good to excellent yields in very short reaction times. Moreover, dibromination of deactivated anilines to give the corresponding dibromides proceeded in high yields. Interestingly, 1-(2-naphthyl)ethanone provided a ring-brominated product. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart . New York.
- Naresh, Mameda,Arun Kumar, Macharla,Mahender Reddy, Marri,Swamy, Peraka,Nanubolu, Jagadeesh Babu,Narender, Nama
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p. 1497 - 1504
(2013/06/27)
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- Target-oriented synthesis: Miscellaneous synthetic routes to access 1,4-enediones through the coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with multiform substrates
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Target-oriented synthetic protocol was presented for the synthesis of 1,4-enediones. The approach can efficiently construct 1,4-enediones through different reaction pathways from multiform substrates α-halo aromatic ketones, 2-hydroxy-aromatic ketones and methyl carbinols. In this reaction, CuI was found to be the most efficient catalyst. Multiform substrates were also found to perform well to afford the products in a one-pot fashion.
- Zhu, Yan-Ping,Cai, Qun,Gao, Qing-He,Jia, Feng-Cheng,Liu, Mei-Cai,Gao, Meng,Wu, An-Xin
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supporting information
p. 6392 - 6398
(2013/07/25)
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