- The Sex Attractant Pheromone of Male Brown Rats: Identification and Field Experiment
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Trapping brown rats is challenging because they avoid newly placed traps in their habitat. Herein, we report the identification of the sex pheromone produced by male brown rats and its effect on trap captures of wild female brown rats. Collecting urine- and feces-soiled bedding material of laboratory-kept rats and comparing the soiled-bedding odorants of juvenile and adult males, as well as of adult males and females, we found nine compounds that were specific to, or most prevalent in, the odor profiles of sexually mature adult males. When we added a synthetic blend of six of these compounds (2-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 3-ethyl-2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, 4-nonanone) to one of two paired food-baited trap boxes, these boxes attracted significantly more laboratory-strain female rats in laboratory experiments, and captured ten times more wild female rats in a field experiment than the corresponding control boxes. Our data show that the pheromone facilitates captures of wild female brown rats. The male brown rat marks his territory with urine deposits, thereby deterring potential male intruders while retaining females within his deme and attracting wandering females to it. The urine-derived sex pheromone comprises several ketones (2-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 3-ethyl-2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, 4-nonanone), which when added to baited traps increase the captures of female rats by a factor of ten.
- Takács, Stephen,Gries, Regine,Zhai, Huimin,Gries, Gerhard
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supporting information
p. 6062 - 6066
(2016/05/19)
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- Ethyl-branched aldehydes, ketones, and diketones from caimans (Caiman and Paleosuchus; Crocodylia, Reptilia)
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Secretions from the paracloacal glands of alligators (Alligator spp.) and caimans (Caiman spp., Melanosuchus niger, and Paleosuchus spp.) were examined by GC-MS. The secretions of the common caiman (C. crocodilus), the broad-snouted caiman (C. latirostris), the yacare caiman (C. yacare), the dwarf caiman (P. palpebrosus), and the smooth-fronted caiman (P. trigonatus) yielded a new family of 43 aliphatic carbonyl compounds that includes aldehydes, ketones, and β-diketones with an ethyl branch adjacent to the carbonyl group. The identification of these glandular components and the syntheses and stereochemical investigations of selected compounds are described.
- Krueckert, Karsten,Flachsbarth, Birte,Schulz, Stefan,Hentschel, Ute,Weldon, Paul J.
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p. 863 - 870
(2008/09/20)
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- Hindered organoboron groups in organic chemistry. 24. The condensation of aliphatic aldehydes with dimesitylboron stabilised carbanions to give ketones
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The condensation of boron stabilised carbanions, MeS2BCHLiR1, (R1≠H) with aliphatic aldehydes, R2CHO, followed by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) or N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) is an unique, broadly applicable redox process that yields ketones, R1CH2COR2, directly and in high yields. The anion MeS2BCH2Li (MeS2BCHLiR1, R1=H) gives high yields of alkenes, R2CH=CH2 in the same conditions.
- Pelter, Andrew,Smith, Keith,Elgendy, Said M. A.,Rowlands, Martin
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p. 7104 - 7118
(2007/10/02)
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- HINDERED ORGANOBORON GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 13. THE DIRECT PRODUCTION OF KETONES FROM ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES BY A UNIQUE VARIANT OF THE BORON-WITTIG REACTION
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In the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride or N-chlorosuccinimide, aliphatic aldehydes react with dimesitylboron stabilised carbanions to give after work up, the corresponding ketones, a process wich is unique among Wittig type reactions.Yields of ketones are satisfactory in all cases except those involving the anion derived from the parent compound dimesitylmethylborane, wich give the corresponding alkenes.
- Pelter, Andrew,Smith, Keith,Elgendy, Said,Rowlands, Martin
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p. 5643 - 5646
(2007/10/02)
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- New Methods and Reagents in Organic Synthesis; 73. Trimethylsilyldiazomethane: A Convenient Reagent for the Conversion of Aliphatic Aldehydes to the Homologous Methyl Ketones
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Trimethylsilyldiazomethane reacts smoothly with aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of magnesium bromide (1.5 eqiv) to give homologous methyl ketones after direct treatment with 10percent hydrochloric acid/methanol (1:1).
- Aoyama, Toyohiko,Shioiri, Takayuki
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p. 228 - 229
(2007/10/02)
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