- Z-Selective Fluoroalkenylation of (Hetero)Aromatic Systems by Iodonium Reagents in Palladium-Catalyzed Directed C?H Activation
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The direct and catalytic incorporation of fluorine containing molecular motifs into organic compounds resulting high-value added chemicals represents a rapidly evolving part of synthetic methodologies, thus this area is in the focus of pharmaceutical and agrochemical research. Herein we report a stereoselective procedure for direct fluorovinylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic scaffolds. This methodology development has been realized by palladium-catalyzed ortho C?H activation reaction of aniline derivatives featuring the regioselectivity via directing groups such as secondary of tertiary amides, ureas or ketones. The application of non-symmetrical aryl(fluoroalkenyl)-iodonium salts as fluoroalkenylating agents allowed mild reaction conditions in general for this transformation. The scope and limitations have been thoroughly investigated and the feasibility has been demonstrated by more than 50 examples.
- Tóth, Balázs L.,Sályi, Gerg?,Domján, Attila,Egyed, Orsolya,Bényei, Attila,Gonda, Zsombor,Novák, Zoltán
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supporting information
p. 348 - 354
(2021/11/09)
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- Equivalent Loading of Directed Arenes in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Aryl C-H Bonds at Room Temperature
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The unsymmetrical biaryls (Ar1-Ar2) produced by the catalytic cross-couplings of aryl halides (Ar1-halo) with aryl metallics (Ar2-M) in the loading ratio of 1:1 are popular in chemical synthesis. In contrast, there has been less precedence on the same biaryls produced effectively from two normal aryl C-H bonds with equivalent loading. Here, we report that, in a palladium/oxidant/acid catalytic system at room temperature, one arene (Ar1-H, 1 equiv) can highly selectively couple with the other one (Ar2-H, 1 equiv) to afford the target Ar1-Ar2 just by controlling the directing groups and the substituted groups on their phenyl rings. The utility of this one-one cross-coupling is also demonstrated by synthesis of a few bioactive molecules.
- Mei, Chong,Zhao, Mengdi,Lu, Wenjun
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p. 2714 - 2733
(2021/02/01)
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- Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Skipped Enynes via C(sp3)–H Alkynylation of Terminal Alkenes
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The RhIII-catalyzed allylic C?H alkynylation of non-activated terminal alkenes leads selectively to linear 1,4-enynes at room-temperature. The catalytic system tolerates a wide range of functional groups without competing functionalization at other positions. Similarly, the vinylic C?H alkynylation of α,β- and β,γ- unsaturated amides gives conjugated Z-1,3-enynes and E-enediynes.
- Della-Felice, Franco,Zanini, Margherita,Jie, Xiaoming,Tan, Eric,Echavarren, Antonio M.
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supporting information
p. 5693 - 5698
(2021/02/09)
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- Ligand Promoted Olefination of Anilides for Indirectly Introducing Fluorinated Functional Groups via Palladium Catalyst
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We report a palladium-catalyzed, ligand promoted, C-H fluorine-containing olefination of anilides with 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobutene as the fluorinated reagent, which has a potential transformation into other compounds due to its -CF2CF2Br functional group. -CF2CF2H was obtained by using the mild reducing agent sodium borohydride. Bioactive compounds such as aminoglutethimide derivative and propham were well-tolerated in this reaction, both of which highlight the synthetic importance of this method.
- Wang, Dongjie,Xu, Xu,Zhang, Jingyu,Zhao, Yingsheng
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p. 2696 - 2705
(2021/02/27)
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- Highly Efficient and Practical Synthesis of the Key Intermediate of Telmisartan
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We reported herein an efficient and practical method to access 1,7′-dimethyl-2′-propyl-2,5′-bi(1H-benzimidazole) 1, a key intermediate for the synthesis of telmisartan. The synthetic route was based on readily available o-methylaniline as the starting material, and the target product 1 was prepared through a six-step process, including amidation, formylation, cyclization, hydrolysis, amidine, and oxidation. The overall yield for the preparation of 1 was 51.5% on the 100 g scale, with a purity of 99.91%. The salient features of this method include economic and easily available starting materials, operational simplicity, and environmentally friendly, which is suitable for the industrial production.
- Zhao, Jianhong,Xiong, Yicheng,Yang, Wu-Lin,Yang, Fan,Jin, Yu
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p. 1022 - 1027
(2021/04/12)
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- Late-Stage Diversification of Biarylphosphines through Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed C-H Bond Alkenylation with Internal Alkynes
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We report herein P(III)-directed C-H bond alkenylation of (dialkyl)- and (diaryl)biarylphosphines using internal alkynes. Chloride-free [Rh(OAc)(COD)]2 acts as a better catalyst than commercially available [RhCl(COD)]2. Conditions were developed to control the mono- and difunctionalization depending on the alkyne stoichiometry. One of these novel bisalkenylated (dialkyl)biarylphosphines was employed for the preparation of a palladium(II) complex, and some of these functionalized ligands outperformed their corresponding unfunctionalized phosphines in Pd-catalyzed amidation with sterically hindered aryl chlorides.
- Zhang, Zhuan,Cordier, Marie,Dixneuf, Pierre H.,Soulé, Jean-Fran?ois
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supporting information
p. 5936 - 5940
(2020/07/30)
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- Para -Selective copper-catalyzed C(sp2)-H amidation/dimerization of anilides via a radical pathway
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Copper-catalyzed amidation/dimerization of anilides via regioselective C(sp2)-H functionalization is achieved. The para-selective amidation is accomplished on the anilide aromatic ring via a radical pathway leading to C-N bond formation in the presence of ammonium persulfate as a radical source/oxidant for the copper catalyst. The developed protocol tolerates a wide range of anilide substrates. The regioselectivity is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray studies.
- Viveki, Amol B.,Garad, Dnyaneshwar N.,Gonnade, Rajesh G.,Mhaske, Santosh B.
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supporting information
p. 1565 - 1568
(2020/02/13)
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- Site-Selective C–H Functionalization of (Hetero)Arenes via Transient, Non-symmetric Iodanes
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Fosu, Hambira, and colleagues describe the direct C–H functionalization of medicinally relevant arenes or heteroarenes. This strategy is enabled by transient generation of reactive, non-symmetric iodanes from anions and PhI(OAc)2. The site-selective incorporation of Cl, Br, OMs, OTs, and OTf to complex molecules, including within medicines and natural products, can be conducted by the operationally simple procedure included herein. A computational model for predicting site selectivity is also included. The discovery of new medicines is a time- and labor-intensive process that frequently requires over a decade to complete. A major bottleneck is the synthesis of drug candidates, wherein each complex molecule must be prepared individually via a multi-step synthesis, frequently requiring a week of effort per molecule for thousands of candidates. As an alternate strategy, direct, post-synthetic functionalization of a lead candidate could enable this diversification in a single operation. In this article, we describe a new method for direct manipulation of drug-like molecules by incorporation of motifs with either known pharmaceutical value (halides) or that permit subsequent conversion (pseudo-halides) to medicinally relevant analogs. This user-friendly strategy is enabled by combining commercial iodine reagents with salts and acids. We expect this simple method for selective, post-synthetic incorporation of molecular diversity will streamline the discovery of new medicines. A strategy for C–H functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes has been developed to allow site-selective incorporation of various anions, including Cl, Br, OMs, OTs, and OTf. This approach is enabled by in situ generation of reactive, non-symmetric iodanes by combining anions and bench-stable PhI(OAc)2. The utility of this mechanism is demonstrated via para-selective chlorination of medicinally relevant arenes, as well as site-selective C–H chlorination of heteroarenes. Spectroscopic, computational, and competition experiments describe the unique nature, reactivity, and selectivity of these transient, unsymmetrical iodanes.
- Fosu, Stacy C.,Hambira, Chido M.,Chen, Andrew D.,Fuchs, James R.,Nagib, David A.
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supporting information
p. 417 - 428
(2019/02/14)
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- Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Directed C-H Dienylation of Anilides with Allenes Leads to Highly Conjugated Systems
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Allenes are unique coupling partners in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization leading to a variety of products via alkenylation, allenylation, allylation, and annulation reactions. The outcome is governed by both the reactivity of the allene and the formation and stability of the organometallic intermediate. An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed, weakly coordinating group-directed dienylation of electronically unbiased allenes is developed using an N-acyl amino acid as a ligand. Further elaboration of the dienylated products to construct polycyclic compounds is also described.
- Ghosh, Chiranjit,Nagtilak, Prajyot Jayadev,Kapur, Manmohan
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supporting information
(2019/05/08)
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- General rhodium-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions between anilines: Synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,2′-diaminobiaryls
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Described herein is a dual chelation-assisted RhCl3-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reaction of aniline derivatives. The highlight of this methodology is the chemo- and regioselective cross-coupling between electronically similar substrates, which represents a highly challenging task in oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H cross-coupling reactions. Furthermore, this Cp?-free catalytic reaction tolerates a range of functional groups and requires only a low molar ratio of coupling partners. These features expedite the synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,2′-diaminobiaryls.
- Shi, Yang,Liu, Jiahui,Yang, Yudong,You, Jingsong
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supporting information
p. 5475 - 5478
(2019/05/16)
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- Acyl-Directed ortho-Borylation of Anilines and C7 Borylation of Indoles using just BBr3
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Indoles are privileged heterocycles found in many biologically active pharmaceuticals and natural products. However, the selective functionalization of the benzenoid moiety in indoles in preference to the more reactive pyrrolic unit is a significant challenge. Herein we report that N-acyl directing groups enable the C7-selective C?H borylation of indoles using just BBr3. This transformation shows some functional-group tolerance and notably proceeds with C6 substituted indoles. The directing group can be readily removed in situ and the products isolated as the pinacol boronate esters. Acyl-directed electrophilic borylation can be extended to carbazoles and anilines with excellent ortho selectivity. 4-amino-indoles are amenable to this process, with acyl group installation and directed electrophilic C?H borylation enabling selective formation of C5-BPin-indoles.
- Iqbal, Saqib A.,Cid, Jessica,Procter, Richard J.,Uzelac, Marina,Yuan, Kang,Ingleson, Michael J.
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supporting information
p. 15381 - 15385
(2019/10/22)
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- Photocatalytic Oxidative C-H Thiolation: Synthesis of Benzothiazoles and Sulfenylated Indoles
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We report studies on the photocatalytic formation of C-S bonds to form benzothiazoles via an intramolecular cyclization and sulfenylated indoles via an intermolecular reaction. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory studies suggest that benzothiazole formation proceeds via a mechanism that involves an electrophilic sulfur radical, while the indole sulfenylation likely proceeds via a nucleophilic sulfur radical adding into a radical cationic indole. These conditions were successfully extended to several thiobenzamides and indole substrates.
- Aceves, Ernesto Millan,Albright, Samuel T.,Cedano, Mario R.,Dinh, Andrew N.,Gustafson, Jeffrey L.,Nguyen, Ashley D.,Smith, Diane K.
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supporting information
p. 1648 - 1655
(2019/08/26)
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- Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Aryl ortho -sp2 C-H Bonds of Anilides at Room Temperature
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The preparation of secondary 2,2'-bisanilides has been successfully achieved through an oxidative coupling of aryl ortho-sp2 C-H bonds of anilides in the presence of catalytic Pd(OAc)2 and K2S2O8 as an oxidant in MsOH/CF3CO2H (TFA) at room temperature (25 °C). The aromatic rings of anilides substituted by various electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups are tolerant in these coupling reactions.
- Mei, Chong,Lu, Wenjun
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p. 4812 - 4823
(2018/04/26)
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- Oxidative C?H/C?H Cross-Coupling Reactions between N-Acylanilines and Benzamides Enabled by a Cp*-Free RhCl3/TFA Catalytic System
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By making use of a dual-chelation-assisted strategy, a completely regiocontrolled oxidative C?H/C?H cross-coupling reaction between an N-acylaniline and a benzamide has been accomplished for the first time. This process constitutes a step-economic and highly efficient pathway to 2-amino-2′-carboxybiaryl scaffolds from readily available substrates. A Cp*-free RhCl3/TFA catalytic system was developed to replace the [Cp*RhCl2]2/AgSbF6 system generally used in oxidative C?H/C?H cross-coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes (Cp=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, TFA=trifluoroacetic acid). The RhCl3/TFA system avoids the use of the expensive Cp* ligand and AgSbF6. As an illustrative example, the procedure developed herein greatly streamlines the total synthesis of the naturally occurring benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid oxynitidine, which was accomplished in excellent overall yield.
- Shi, Yang,Zhang, Luoqiang,Lan, Jingbo,Zhang, Min,Zhou, Fulin,Wei, Wenlong,You, Jingsong
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supporting information
p. 9108 - 9112
(2018/07/25)
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- Efficient copper catalysts for C[sbnd]H bond arylation under microwave heating: Direct access to multi-substituted pivanilides
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We herein describe a parallel comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous copper catalysts for microwave-assisted direct C[sbnd]H bond arylation. These catalytic systems feature enhanced catalytic activities, unique bulky ligand/base effects, mild co
- Yang, Hyun Ji,Mathew, Bijoy P.,Oh, Dong Gun,Myung, Kyungjae,Kwak, Ja Hun,Hong, Sung You
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- An Annulative Synthetic Strategy for Building Triphenylene Frameworks by Multiple C?H Bond Activations
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C?H activation is a versatile tool for appending aryl groups to aromatic systems. However, heavy demands on multiple catalytic cycle operations and site-selectivity have limited its use for graphene segment synthesis. A Pd-catal- yzed one-step synthesis of functionalized triphenylene frameworks is disclosed, which proceeds by 2- or 4-fold C?H arylation of unactivated benzene derivatives. A Pd2(dibenzylideneacetone)3 catalytic system, using cyclic diaryliodonium salts as π-extending agents, leads to site-selective inter- and intramolecular tandem arylation sequences. Moreover, N-substituted triphenylenes are applied to a field-effect transistor sensor for rapid, sensitive, and reversible alcohol vapor detection.
- Mathew, Bijoy P.,Yang, Hyun Ji,Kim, Joohee,Lee, Jae Bin,Kim, Yun-Tae,Lee, Sungmin,Lee, Chang Young,Choe, Wonyoung,Myung, Kyungjae,Park, Jang-Ung,Hong, Sung You
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supporting information
p. 5007 - 5011
(2017/04/24)
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- Reusable and Magnetic Palladium and Copper Oxide Catalysts in Direct ortho and meta Arylation of Anilide Derivatives
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We report a general, direct C-H arylation of anilide derivatives using reusable palladium or copper oxide on magnetite as heterogeneous precatalysts. Highly selective ortho and meta arylations are achieved using electronically and sterically diverse diaryliodonium salts. Catalytically active soluble species from the heterogeneous precursors were detected by experimental techniques. Preliminary mechanistic investigation suggests different reaction pathways for each of the catalysts.
- Vásquez-Céspedes, Suhelen,Holtkamp, Michael,Karst, Uwe,Glorius, Frank
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supporting information
p. 2759 - 2764
(2017/12/14)
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- Rhodium-Catalyzed oxidative amidation of sterically hindered aldehydes and alcohols
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A rhodium-catalyzed oxidative amidation reaction has been developed with sterically hindered aldehydes and alcohols for the synthesis of amides containing a quaternary carbon at the α position. A variety of amine nucleophiles, both aliphatic and aromatic, are employed and afford the corresponding amides in good to excellent yields. Finally, mechanistic studies are performed to gain insight into both catalytic cycles.
- Nguyen, Trang T.,Hull, Kami L.
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p. 8214 - 8218
(2018/05/23)
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- Mild and efficient palladium-catalyzed direct trifluoroethylation of aromatic systems by C-H activation
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The introduction of trifluoroalkyl groups into aromatic molecules is an important transformation in the field of organic and medicinal chemistry. However, the direct installation of fluoroalkyl groups onto aromatic molecules still represents a challenging and highly demanding synthetic task. Herein, a simple trifluoroethylation process that relies on the palladium-catalyzed C-H activation of aromatic compounds is described. With the utilization of a highly active trifluoroethyl(mesityl)iodonium salt, the developed catalytic method enables the first highly efficient and selective trifluoroethylation of aromatic compounds. The robust catalytic procedure provides the desired products in up to 95 % yield at 25 °C in 1.5 to 3 hours and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. The utilization of hypervalent reagents opens new synthetic possibilities for direct alkylations and fluoroalkylations in the field of transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation.
- T?th, Balázs L.,Kovács, Szabolcs,Sályi, Gerg?,Novák, Zoltán
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supporting information
p. 1988 - 1992
(2016/02/18)
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- URAZOLE COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, enantiomer, racemic, or tautomer thereof, (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, L1 and Q1 have the meaning defined in the claims and the description. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I). The present invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) as an in situ precursor of a triazolinedione reagent for the functionalization of enes, dienes, aryl and heteroaryl systems via the ene reactions, Diels-Alder reactions, and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of said reagent. The present invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) in polymers, membranes, adhesives, foams, sealants, molded articles, films, extruded articles, fibers, elastomers, polymer based additives, pharmaceutical and biomedical products, varnishes, paints, coatings, inks, composite material, organic LEDs, organic semiconductors, conducting organic polymers, or 3D printed articles. The present invention also relates to article comprising said compound of formula (I) and to a process for reshaping and/or repairing said article.
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Page/Page column 151
(2015/02/25)
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- Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
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The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
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Paragraph 0407; 1755
(2015/09/22)
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- Probing the molecular and structural elements of ligands binding to the active site versus an allosteric pocket of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase
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In order to explore the interactions of bisphosphonate ligands with the active site and an allosteric pocket of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS), substituted indole and azabenzimidazole bisphosphonates were designed as chameleon ligands. NMR and crystallographic studies revealed that these compounds can occupy both sub-pockets of the active site cavity, as well as the allosteric pocket of hFPPS in the presence of the enzyme's Mg2+ ion cofactor. These results are consistent with the previously proposed hypothesis that the allosteric pocket of hFPPS, located near the active site, plays a feed-back regulatory role for this enzyme.
- Gritzalis, Dimitrios,Park, Jaeok,Chiu, Wei,Cho, Hyungjun,Lin, Yih-Shyan,De Schutter, Joris W.,Lacbay, Cyrus M.,Zielinski, Michal,Berghuis, Albert M.,Tsantrizos, Youla S.
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supporting information
p. 1117 - 1123
(2015/02/19)
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- A highly efficient Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative ortho-arylation of amides with aryl acylperoxides
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An efficient Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative ortho-arylation of amides with aryl acylperoxides was developed. A variety of anilides reacted with aryl acylperoxides to afford the corresponding ortho-arylation products, and N-methoxyarylamides generated phenanthridinones. This journal is
- Li, Dengke,Xu, Ning,Zhang, Yicheng,Wang, Lei
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supporting information
p. 14862 - 14865
(2014/12/11)
-
- MODULATORS OF ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS
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The present invention relates to modulators of ATP-Binding Cassette (“ABC”) transporters or fragments thereof, including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, compositions thereof, and methods therewith. The present invention also relates to methods of treating ABC transporter mediated diseases using such modulators.
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- COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATMENT OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES
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The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
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- Mild C - H halogenation of anilides and the isolation of an unusual palladium(I)-palladium(II) species
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Reducing the load: A facile palladium-catalyzed ortho-selective bromination and chlorination of anilides occurs under aerobic conditions at room temperature when N-halosuccinimides (NXS) are used in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The orthopalladated PTSA complex is not only catalytically competent but also undergoes a reductive process to yield an unusual PdI-PdII tetramer (see structure; Pdgreen, Ored, Syellow, Cgray). Copyright
- Bedford, Robin B.,Haddow, Mairi F.,Mitchell, Charlotte J.,Webster, Ruth L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5524 - 5527
(2011/07/31)
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- Solvent-free aromatic C-H functionalisation/halogenation reactions
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The solvent-free, palladium-catalysed reaction of anilides with CuCl 2 in the presence or absence of copper acetate yields ortho-chlorinated anilides in good to excellent yields, even on a large scale (100 mmol). By contrast, the equivalent reactions with copper bromide, either solvent free or in 1,2-dichloroethane, in the presence or absence of palladium, under air or inert conditions, gave the products of simple electrophilic bromination. Mechanistic studies highlighted the involvement of palladacyclic intermediates, one of which was characterised crystallographically, which undergo subsequent reaction with copper(ii) chloride to yield the chlorinated anilide products.
- Bedford, Robin B.,Engelhart, Jens U.,Haddow, Mairi F.,Mitchell, Charlotte J.,Webster, Ruth L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 10464 - 10472
(2011/01/05)
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- Twofold C-H functionalization: Palladium-catalyzed ortho arylation of anilides
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(Chemical Equation Presented) The ortho arylation of anilides to form biphenyls via a twofold C-H functionalization/C-C bond-forming process is described. The oxidative coupling takes place in the presence of 5-10 mol % of Pd(OAc)2, 10-20 mol % of DMSO, and 4-11 equiv of the aryl substrate in TFA under an oxygen atmosphere. No metal-containing cocatalyst is required.
- Brasche, Gordon,Garcia-Fortanet, Jorge,Buchwald, Stephen L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2207 - 2210
(2009/05/11)
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- Asymmetric synthesis of iridoid derivatives using resolved 2-phenylindoline as a chiral auxiliary
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An asymmetric synthetic route to cis,cis-nepetalactol (component of the sex pheromone for the hop aphid, Phorodon humuli) is presented. 2-Phenylindoline was resolved to provide a chiral auxiliary for the cycloaddition of oxocitral. The resolution was made by chromatographic separation of the diastereomers of the urea derivative made from 2-phenylindoline and with (R)-(+)-α- methylbenzyl isocyanate, followed by reductive cleavage of the isolated diasteromers using diborane. The cycloaddition of oxocitral using (S)-2-phenylindoline yielded an enantiopure product after chromatography. Hydrolysis of the cycloaddition adduct yielded gastrolactol (3). As gastrolactol is a versatile synthon for the synthesis of iridoids, the overall procedure provides a general asymmetric route to elaborated iridoids. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2009.
- Santangelo, Ellen M.,Liblikas, Ilme,Mudalige, Anoma,Toernroos, Karl W.,Norrby, Per-Ola,Unelius, C. Rikard
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experimental part
p. 5915 - 5921
(2009/05/27)
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- Modulators of ATP-binding cassette transporters
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Compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, are useful as modulators of ATP-Binding Cassette (“ABC”) transporters or fragments thereof, including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (“CFTR”). The present invention also relates to methods of treating ABC transporter mediated diseases using compounds of the present invention.
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Page/Page column 140-141
(2008/06/13)
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- Infrared spectra of N-aryl substituted amides 2/4-XC6H 4NHCOR (R = H, CH3-iXi, C6H 5 or C6H5Cl; X = H, Cl or CH3 and i = 0, 1, 2 or 3)
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Several N-(aryl)-substituted amides of the general formula, 2/4-XC 6H4NHCOR (where X = H, Cl or CH3 and R = H, CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, C(CH3)3, C6H5 or C6H 5Cl) are prepared, characterised and their infrared spectra measured in the solid state and analysed. Generally chloro substitution in the side chain increases the C=O absorptions, while that of methyl groups lower the wave numbers. Amides with trimethyl substituted side chains absorb at higher wavenumbers. But the N-H and C-N stretching vibrations do not show particular trends on side chain substitution. This may be due to the fact that the spectra were recorded in the solid state and the compounds may crystallise in different forms in the solid state. The intercorrelations of C=O and N-H absorption frequencies of all the amides have been made. The correlations are reasonably linear with some exceptions for the reasons stated above.
- Gowda, B. Thimme,Jyothi,Jayalakshmi,Damodara
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p. 564 - 568
(2007/10/03)
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- Intermediates for the preparation of 4-phenyl-1,3-benzodiazepins and methods for preparing the intermediates
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The invention relates to compounds of the formula STR1 where Y is --OH; halogen; STR2 R1 SO3 --, where R1 is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or aryl; and R2 is --C(CH3)3 or --O--C(CH3)3. Processes for preparing the compounds are provided. The compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of 4-phenyl-1,3-benzodiazepins, which exhibit activity as antidepressants, analgetics and anticonvulsants.
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- Lithiation of N-(2-Alkylphenyl)alkanamides and Related Compounds. A Modified Madelung Indole Synthesis
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A modified Madelung synthesis for the conversion of N-(alkylphenyl)alkanamides and related compounds to indoles, benzindoles, and azindoles has been developed.This procedure consists of treating the amide with 2 or 3 equiv of n-butyllithium or lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran at temperatures from -20 to +25 deg C.Several examples where products other than indoles were formed from the starting amide are also reported.
- Houlihan, William J.,Parrino, Vincent A.,Uike, Yasuyuki
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p. 4511 - 4515
(2007/10/02)
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- 2-Substituted indoles and process for their preparation
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Highly branched α-substituted indoles, e.g., 2-(1-methylcyclohexyl)-indole, are prepared by treating N-(α-branched carbonyl) toluidines with alkyl lithium. The reaction sequence may be illustrated as SPC1
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