- PROCESS AND SYSTEM TO MAKE SUBSTITUTED LACTONES
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A process for oxidizing iso-butane with oxygen to produce t-butyl hydroperoxide and t-butyl alcohol; dehydrating at least a portion of the t-butyl alcohol to produce di-tert-butyl ether and isobutylene; epoxidizing at least a portion of the isobutylene with the t-butyl hydroperoxide to produce isobutylene oxide and t-butyl alcohol; and carbonylating at least a portion of the isobutylene oxide with carbon monoxide to produce pivalolactone.
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Paragraph 0052; 0054
(2021/02/05)
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- Synthesis of Benzyl Alkyl Ethers by Intermolecular Dehydration of Benzyl Alcohol with Aliphatic Alcohols under the Effect of Copper Containing Catalysts
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Synthesis of benzyl alkyl ethers was performed in high yields by intermolecular dehydration of benzyl and primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols under the effect of copper containing catalysts. The formation of benzyl alkyl ethers occurs with participation of benzyl cation.
- Bayguzina,Gimaletdinova,Khusnutdinov
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p. 1148 - 1155
(2018/10/24)
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- Catalytic etherification of alcohols in Shilov system: C[sbnd]O versus C[sbnd]H bond activation
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A novel catalytic reaction of alcohol etherification in the system ROH ? PtCl42? ‐ PtCl62? was found. Methanol easily transforms into dimethyl ether in the presence of catalytic amounts of PtII chloro complexes at 70?°C. Under the same conditions reaction of ethanol affords diethyl ether (catalytic) and π-ethylene PtII complex (stoichiometric). The reactions are accompanied by multiple H/D exchange, which is indicative of intermediacy of corresponding alkyl platinum derivatives. The plausible reaction mechanism involves oxidative addition of alcohol forming intermediate alkyl platinum(IV) derivative followed by decomposition of it via reductive elimination step under the action of alcohol giving the ether and regenerating catalyst. In the case of ethyl alcohol reaction, β-hydrogen abstraction from the intermediate Pt-ethyl species yields π-ethylene platinum(II) complex. Although it seems that the reaction does not involve the initial breaking of C[sbnd]H bonds of an alcohol, this system can be regarded as a model for studying of some peculiarities of Shilov chemistry, in particular, of isotope scrambling mechanisms in Shilov alkane activation. In contrast to reactions of dimethyl and diethyl ethers formation, tert-butyl ethers formation in CD3OH/t-BuOH medium is catalyzed by PtIV chloro complexes also and is not accompanied by isotope scrambling. These observations argue against intermediacy of alkyl platinum derivatives suggesting that acid-catalyzed mechanism operates in tert-butyl alcohol etherification.
- Khazipov, Oleg V.,Nykytenko, Denys V.,Krasnyakova, Tatyana V.,Vdovichenko, Alexander N.,Fuentes Frias, Dario A.,Mitchenko, Serge A.
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p. 490 - 498
(2016/12/16)
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- The feeding at the same time containing butene dimerization and hydrated method (by machine translation)
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The present invention provides a mixed butene by acid catalysts containing hydrocarbon feed of manufacturing and method of the oligomer at the same time. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention also provides the preparation of the mixed olefin containing the alcohol and the oligomer process for the preparation of the fuel composition, in certain embodiments, the catalyst can include two-phase catalyst system, the catalyst system includes a water-soluble acid catalyst and solid acid catalyst. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0071-0077
(2017/03/22)
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- Lactam inhibitors of factor Xa and method
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Lactam inhibitors are provided which have the structure including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and all stereoisomers thereof, and prodrug esters thereof, wherein n is 1 to 5; and and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 , R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R10a, 1011 and R12 are as defined herein. These compounds are inhibitors of Factor Xa and thus are useful as anticoagulants. A method for treating cardiovascular diseases associated with thromboses is also provided.
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- Compounds having effects on serotonin-related systems
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A series of hetero-oxy alkanamines are effective pharmaceuticals for the treatment of conditions related to or affected by the reuptake of serotonin and by the serotonin 1A receptor. The compounds are particularly useful for alleviating the sym
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- The Stoichiometry in the Determination of Water Using Karl Fischer Reagent
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The stoichiometry of the Karl Fischer reaction is not unambiguous. The titer of a Karl Fischer solution rises with the amount of water, because sulphur trioxide which is formed as an intermediate consumes water too. An 1:1-stoichiometry (H2O:I2) can be simulated by alcohols, because these solvents also react with iodine and sulphur dioxide leading to additional consumption of iodine during the titration. This interpretation of the results of Karl Fischer titrations is supported by the isolation or identification of pertinent reaction products.
- Fischer, Wolfgang,Krenn, Karl-Dieter
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p. 569 - 577
(2007/10/03)
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- A New Synthesis of Hindered Unsymmetrical t-Alkyl Ethers
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The unusual Williamson reactions of t-butyl and t-pentyl halides with lithium t-alkoxides or with t-alkyl alcohols and amines were carried out at 20-50 deg C.Some of the nucleophilic substitution products were new unsymmetrical ethers: t-butyl t-pentyl ether, t-butyl 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl ether, t-butyl 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl ether, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl t-pentyl ether, and t-butyl 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propynyl ether.
- Masada, Hiromitsu,Gotoh, Hidenori,Ohkubo, Makoto
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p. 1739 - 1742
(2007/10/02)
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- HYDROXY SUBSTITUTED UREIDO AMINO AND IMINO ACIDS
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Compounds of the formula STR1 are disclosed. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents due to their angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity and depending upon the definition of X may also be useful as analgesics due to their enkephalinase
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- MERCAPTOCYCLOALKYLCARBONYL AND MERCAPTOARYLCARBONYL DIPEPTIDES
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Compounds of the formula STR1 wherein A is a cycloalkyl ring, a substituted cycloalkyl ring, a phenyl ring, or a substituted phenyl ring and STR2 are various dipeptide groups are disclosed. The compounds possess angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity and depending upon the terminal amino acid may also possess enkephalinase inhibition activity.
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- SUBSTITUTED PEPTIDE COMPOUNDS
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Substituted peptide compounds of the formula STR1 are disclosed. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents due to their angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity and depending upon the definition of X may also be useful as analgesics due to their enkephalinase inhibition activity.
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- AMINO AND SUBSTITUTED AMINO PHOSPHINYL-ALKANOYL COMPOUNDS
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Compounds of the formula STR1 wherein X is an imino acid or ester and R 1 is hydrogen, STR2 are useful hypotensive agents due to their angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity.
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- HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS IN THE LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION OF OLEFINS. - 4. THE ACTIVITY OF A SUPPORTED VANADIUM OR CHROMIUM OXIDE CATALYST IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF t-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE.
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The liquid-phase decomposition of t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) has been carried out in benzene under an N//2 atmosphere using a vanadium or chromium oxide, supported on gamma -Al//2O//3 or SiO//2 as the catalyst, for the purpose of clarifying the reaction mechanism of the cyclohexane oxidation. The decomposition of t-BuOOH on the supported oxide catalyst was a first-order reaction; the main products were t-butyl alcohol, di-ti-butyl peroxide, and acetone, suggesting that t-BuOOH is decomposed homolytically on the catalyst by the Haber-Weiss mechanism. The effect of the vanadium-chromium binary system formation was small, but the interaction between metal oxides and the supports appeared to be important in the t-BuOOH decomposition.
- Takehira,Hayakawa,Ishikawa
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p. 2103 - 2110
(2007/10/02)
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- PRODUCTION OF UNSYMMETRICAL ETHERS FROM 2-HYDROXYISOBUTYRONITRILE AND VARIOUS ALCOHOLS
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A method was developed for the production of unsymmetrical ethers by the reaction of 2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile and tert-butyl alcohol with various alcohols in the presence of zinc chloride.
- Navolokina, R. A.,Zil'berman, E. N.
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p. 1382 - 1386
(2007/10/02)
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