- Palladium(II)-acetylacetonato complexes with mesoionic carbenes: Synthesis, structures and their application in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction
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A series of novel palladium(II) acetylacetonato complexes bearing mesoionic carbenes (MICs) have been synthesized and characterized. The synthesis of the complexes of type (MIC)Pd(acac)I (MIC = 1-mesityl-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (1), 1,4-(2,4,6-methyl)-phenyl-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (2), 1,4-(2,6-diisopropyl)-phenyl-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (3); acac = acetylacetonato) via direct metalation starting from the corresponding triazolium iodides and palladium(II) acetylacetonate is described herein. All complexes were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. Additionally, two of the complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography confirming a square-planar coordination geometry of the palladium(II) center. A delocalized bonding situation was observed within the triazolylidene rings as well as for the acac ligand respectively. Complex 2 was found to be an efficient pre-catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction between aryl-bromides or -chlorides with phenylboronic acid.
- Hettmanczyk, Lara,Schmid, Bianca,Hohloch, Stephan,Sarkar, Biprajit
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- Synthesis of 2-methylcarbamazepine, a new internal standard for chromatographic assays of carbamazepine (Tegretol)
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The synthesis of 2-methyl-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide (2-methylcarbamazepine, 2-MCBZ), a promising internal standard for chromatographic assays of the antiepileptic agent carbamazepine is described. N-(p-tolyl)anthranilic acid was utilized as a starting material for the synthesis of a key compound, 2,9-dimethylacridine, which was converted in two steps to 2-methyl-9-hydroxymethylacridan. The acridan, in the presence of polyphosphoric acid, was ring-expanded to form 2-methyl-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine, this latter compound being converted by conventional reactions to its 5-carbamyl derivative, 2-MCBZ.
- Patton,Dudley
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p. 257 - 262,258,261
(1979)
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- Synthesis of 3-aryl-2-phosphinoimidazo[1,2-: A] pyridine ligands for use in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions
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3-Aryl-2-phosphinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ligands were synthesized from 2-aminopyridine via two complementary routes. The first synthetic route involves the copper-catalyzed iodine-mediated cyclizations of 2-aminopyridine with arylacetylenes followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with phosphines. The second synthetic route requires the preparation of 2,3-diiodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine or 2-iodo-3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine from 2-aminopyridine followed by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki/phosphination or a phosphination/Suzuki cross-coupling reactions sequence, respectively. Preliminary model studies on the Suzuki synthesis of sterically-hindered biaryl and Buchwald-Hartwig amination compounds are presented with these ligands.
- Tran, Ryan Q.,Jacoby, Seth A.,Roberts, Kaitlyn E.,Swann, William A.,Harris, Nekoda W.,Dinh, Long P.,Denison, Emily L.,Yet, Larry
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- Investigation on the coupling reactions of aryltriflates with aromatic amines: Selection of the metal catalyst
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A simple and effective coupling reaction of aryl triflates with aniline derivatives in the presence of palladium catalyst is described, which appears to be a general and useful protocol for the preparation of functionalized arylamines starting from phenols.
- Torisawa, Yasuhiro,Hashimoto, Akihiro,Furuta, Takuya,Minamikawa, Jun-Ichi
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- On the efficiency of two-coordinate palladium(0) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in amination and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of aryl chlorides
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The catalytic activity of novel two-coordinate palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes that differ in their steric and electronic properties is compared in catalytic amination and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings.
- Arentsen, Katherine,Caddick, Stephen,Cloke, F. Geoffrey N.
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- Chitosan nanoparticles functionalized poly-2-hydroxyaniline supported CuO nanoparticles: An efficient heterogeneous and recyclable nanocatalyst for N-arylation of amines with phenylboronic acid at ambient temperature
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The present study aims to prepare an effective and eco-friendly nanocatalyst for the Chan–Lam coupling reaction of phenylboronic acid and amine in aerobic conditions. For this purpose, chitosan was extracted from shrimp shells waste by demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation processes and then converted to chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) by the ionic gelation with tripolyphosphate anions. Afterward, poly-2-hydroxyaniline (P2-HA) was grafted to chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to employ as the support for CuO NPs. Characterization of the nanocatalyst was done using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mapping, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CuO NPs were identified in the spherical shape with an average size of 17 nm. The prepared nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance with a high turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) for the Chan–Lam coupling reaction of phenyl boronic acid and amines with different electronic properties. The prepared catalyst could be readily recovered and reused for at least five runs without any noticeable change in structure and catalytic performance. Chitosan (CS) was prepared via demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation of shrimp shell and chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) were prepared via ionic gelation process. Polymerization of 2-HA on the CSN surface was done to increase functional groups and create active sites for CuO NPs attachments. CuO NPs-P2-HA-CSN nanocomposite has been shown high efficiently for the Chan–Lam coupling reaction.
- Seyedi, Neda,Zahedifar, Mahboobeh
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- Mediator-Enabled Electrocatalysis with Ligandless Copper for Anaerobic Chan-Lam Coupling Reactions
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Simple copper salts serve as catalysts to effect C-X bond-forming reactions in some of the most utilized transformations in synthesis, including the oxidative coupling of aryl boronic acids and amines. However, these Chan-Lam coupling reactions have historically relied on chemical oxidants that limit their applicability beyond small-scale synthesis. Despite the success of replacing strong chemical oxidants with electrochemistry for a variety of metal-catalyzed processes, electrooxidative reactions with ligandless copper catalysts are plagued by slow electron-transfer kinetics, irreversible copper plating, and competitive substrate oxidation. Herein, we report the implementation of substoichiometric quantities of redox mediators to address limitations to Cu-catalyzed electrosynthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that mediators serve multiple roles by (i) rapidly oxidizing low-valent Cu intermediates, (ii) stripping Cu metal from the cathode to regenerate the catalyst and reveal the active Pt surface for proton reduction, and (iii) providing anodic overcharge protection to prevent substrate oxidation. This strategy is applied to Chan-Lam coupling of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkylamines with arylboronic acids in the absence of chemical oxidants. Couplings under these electrochemical conditions occur with higher yields and shorter reaction times than conventional reactions in air and provide complementary substrate reactivity.
- Walker, Benjamin R.,Manabe, Shuhei,Brusoe, Andrew T.,Sevov, Christo S.
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supporting information
p. 6257 - 6265
(2021/05/07)
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- Cu(I)–N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed base free C–N bond formation of arylboronic acids with amines and azoles
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A new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor of imidazolium chloride and its corresponding Cu(I)–NHC complex 1 was synthesized. The complex 1 was found to be a highly effective catalyst for Chan-Evans-Lam coupling of arylboronic acid with amines and azoles (including imidazole, pyrazole and triazole), without addition of base at room temperature. Various substituents on three substrates can be tolerated, giving the desired coupling products in good to excellent yields (62–94%). The method is practical and offers an alternative to the corresponding copper-catalyzed Chan-Evans-Lam process for the construction of C–N bonds.
- Zhang, Maoyuan,Xu, Zengbing,Shi, Dabin
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- Method for synthesizing diarylamine through N-arylation reaction of arylamine under copper catalysis
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The invention provides a method for synthesizing diarylamine through an N-arylation reaction of arylamine under copper catalysis. The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a proper amount of a reaction reagent, a catalyst, a solvent and the like; S2, sequentially adding a reaction reagent, a catalyst, a solvent and the like into a reaction tube with a magnetic bar; S3, selecting a proper amount of AcOH, and adding the AcOH into the reaction tube; S4, heating the reaction tube; S5, performing oil bath treatment; S6, cooling to room temperature, and diluting; S7, extracting by using ethyl acetate; S8, washing the organic layer with saline water; S9, drying on anhydrous Na2SO4; S10, evaporating under vacuum; and S11, purifying the residues into the pure product through silica gel chromatography. A scheme that arylamine and an environmentally-friendly and stable aryl silicon reagent are subjected to an N-arylation reaction under the catalysis of a cheap copper reagent is provided, Cu(OAc)2 is used as a catalyst to react in DMSO in the atmosphere of O2, the conversion reactivity is good, the substrate range is wide, and the method has good tolerance to reaction substrates with various functional groups under mild reaction conditions.
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Paragraph 0062-0063; 0064; 0065; 0080; 0081
(2021/07/14)
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- A Tetraarylpyrrole-Based Phosphine Ligand for the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides
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A tetraarylpyrrole-based phosphine ligand L1 in combination with Pd(dba)2 provided a catalyst for the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction. A variety of amines were rapidly coupled with aryl chlorides at a Pd loading of 0.5 mol%. The selective monoarylation of aliphatic primary amines was achieved in the presence of 0.8 equiv. water. Comparison experiments were also conducted, which revealed that the catalytic activity of L1 is superior to representative phosphine ligands in the Pd-catalyzed C?N coupling of various amines. (Figure presented.).
- Sai, Masahiro
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supporting information
p. 5422 - 5428
(2021/10/08)
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- N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium(II) Amine Complexes: The Role of Primary Aryl- or Alkylamine Binding and Applications in the Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Reaction
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N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium(II) amine complexes bearing primary aryl- or alkylamines were synthesized. The prepared complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as NMR spectroscopy. These complexes exhibited good catalytic activities for the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction of aryl chlorides to afford arylated anilines under mild conditions. All reactions were carried out in air and all starting materials were used as supplied without purification. 21 expected coupling products were obtained in moderate to high yields under optimum conditions.
- Chen, Ming-Tsz,Hsu, Yu-Cheng
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supporting information
(2021/12/24)
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- N-substituted aminobiphenyl palladacycles stabilized by dialkylterphenyl phosphanes: Preparation and applications in C[sbnd]N cross-coupling reactions
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Neutral and cationic N-methyl- and N-phenyl-2-aminobiphenyl methanesulfonate palladacycles stabilized with dialkylterphenyl phosphanes have been prepared and characterized. Neutral structures are favored with the less bulky phosphane PMe2ArXyl2, L1, while more sterically demanding ligands PiPr2ArXyl2, L3, and PCyp2ArXyl2 (Cyp = cyclopentyl), L4, lead to cationic complexes in which the phosphane exhibits a bidentate κ1-P, η1-Carene coordination mode involving one of the ipso carbon atoms of a flanking terphenyl aryl ring. The complexes were evaluated for activity in C[sbnd]N cross-coupling reactions and [Pd(N-methyl-2-aminobiphenyl)L4](OMs) (OMs = mesylate) was identified as the most efficient precatalyst, facilitating the coupling of aryl chlorides with secondary and primary amines and indoles.
- Monti, Andrea,Rama, Raquel J.,Gómez, Beatriz,Maya, Celia,álvarez, Eleuterio,Carmona, Ernesto,Nicasio, M. Carmen
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supporting information
(2021/01/19)
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- Benzyloxycalix[8]arene supported Pd-NHC cinnamyl complexes for Buchwald-Hartwig C-N cross-couplings
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The scalable synthesis of Pd-NHC cinnamyl complexes supported on benzyloxycalix[8]arene is reported. These catalysts are very active for Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions, allowing the coupling of aryl chlorides and bromides with a wide variety of alkyl and aryl amines using low catalytic loadings. The supported complexes also successfully afforded attractive unsymmetrical triarylamines, and in one case, promoted the synthesis of an unprecedented Pd-catalyzed C-H activation product. Thanks to the calixarenic support, the target products could be isolated with low levels of residual palladium, and in some cases, even below the restrictive toxic metal standards applied by the pharmaceutical industry. Through an easy to implement procedure, these perfectly characterised catalysts thus combine the best of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis: high efficiency (similar to or even better than the corresponding homogeneous complexes) and low Pd leaching levels expected from heterogeneous catalysts.
- Abi Fayssal, Sandra,Buendia, Julien,Huc, Vincent,Martini, Cyril,Naret, Timothée,Schulz, Emmanuelle
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p. 5223 - 5231
(2021/08/16)
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- Barbier-Type Nitro/Nitroso Addition Polymerization as a Versatile Approach for Molecular Design of Polyarylamines through C-N Bond Formation
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The doping of a polymer chain with nitrogen is an efficient strategy to endow polymer materials with functionality. However, the molecular design of polyarylamines through direct C-N bond formation is still challenging. Herein, a novel polymerization method, named Barbier-type nitro/nitroso addition polymerization, is reported as a versatile approach for molecular design of polyarylamines through C-N bond formation, by utilizing electrophilic nitro/nitroso groups as polymerizable groups. Through Barbier-type nitro/nitroso addition polymerization, a series of polyarylamines have been prepared, including ortho-polyaniline, para-polyaniline, meta-polyaniline, para-polymethylaniline, and polynaphthylamine, most of which are hard to be synthesized by current other polymerization methods. By introducing the Barbier-type nitro/nitroso addition into polymer chemistry, the polymerization methodology, monomer, and polymer libraries of polymer chemistry are expanded and a novel avenue is opened up for molecular design of nitrogen-containing polymer materials through direct formation of a C-N bond.
- Su, Min,Li, Tao,Shi, Quan-Xi,Xiao, Hang,Bao, Hongli,Wan, Wen-Ming
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p. 9919 - 9926
(2021/11/12)
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- Electrochemical Reductive Arylation of Nitroarenes with Arylboronic Acids
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The synthesis of diarylamine is extremely important in organic chemistry. Herein, a novel electrochemical reductive arylation of nitroarenes with arylboronic acids was developed. A variety of diarylamines were synthesized without the need for transition-metal catalysts. The reaction could be scaled up efficiently in a flow cell and several derivatization reactions were carried out smoothly. Cyclic voltammetry experiments and mechanism studies showed that acetonitrile, formic acid, and triethyl phosphite all played a role in promoting this reductive arylation transformation.
- Wang, Dan,Wan, Zhaohua,Zhang, Heng,Alhumade, Hesham,Yi, Hong,Lei, Aiwen
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p. 5399 - 5404
(2021/10/20)
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- COMPLEXES OF N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES FOR TRANSITION METAL CATALYSIS
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Described herein is a new class of highly active Pd(II)-NHC complexes bearing anilines as throw-away ligands. These catalysts are well-defined, air- and moisture-stable and can be easily purified by chromatographic techniques. High activity and generality has been exemplified in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling by C-N, C-O and C-Cl cleavage. Facile syntheses of these catalysts is also described.
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Paragraph 34
(2021/07/17)
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- Improved Buchwald-Hartwig Amination by the Use of Lipids and Lipid Impurities
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The development of green Buchwald-Hartwig aminations has long been considered challenging, due to the high sensitivity of the reaction to the environment. Here we show that food-grade and waste vegetable oils, triglycerides originating from animals, and natural waxes can serve as excellent green solvents for Buchwald-Hartwig amination. We further demonstrate that amphiphiles and trace ingredients present in triglycerides as additives have a decisive effect on the yields of Buchwald-Hartwig aminations.
- Bayer, Annette,Gevorgyan, Ashot,Hopmann, Kathrin H.
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supporting information
(2021/11/12)
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- A quinoxaline-based porous organic polymer containing copper nanoparticles CuNPs@Q-POP as a robust nanocatalyst toward C-N coupling reaction
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A novel porous organic polymer (denoted by Q-POP) was successfully fabricated by free-radical copolymerization of allyl-substituted 2,3-di(2-hydroxyphenyl)1,2-dihydroquinoxaline, and divinylbenzene under solvothermal conditions and used as a new platform for immobilization of copper nanoparticles. The CuNPs@Q-POP nanocatalyst was prepared via incorporating of Cu(NO3)2 into the polymeric network, followed by the reduction of Cu2+ ion with hydrazine hydrate. The obtained materials were characterized through FT-IR, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, ICP, TGA, SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, and the single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The results displayed that Q-POP and CuNPs@Q-POP possessed high surface area, hierarchical porosity, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. The as-synthesized catalyst was utilized for the Ullmann C-N coupling reaction of aromatic amines and different aryl halides to prepare various diarylamine derivatives. All types of aryl halides (except aryl fluorides) were screened in the Ullmann C-N coupling reaction with aromatic amines to produce diaryl amines in good to excellent yields (50-98%), and it turned out that aryl iodides have the best results. Besides, due to the strong interactions between CuNPs, N, and O-atoms of quinoxaline moiety existing in the polymeric framework, the copper leaching from the support was not observed. Furthermore, the catalyst was recycled and reused for five consecutive runs without significant activity loss.
- Gorginpour, Forough,Zali-Boeini, Hassan,Rudbari, Hadi Amiri
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p. 3655 - 3665
(2021/02/03)
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- Copper nanoparticle anchored biguanidine-modified Zr-UiO-66 MOFs: a competent heterogeneous and reusable nanocatalyst in Buchwald-Hartwig and Ullmann type coupling reactions
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We have designed a functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) of UiO topology as a support, with an extremely high surface area, adjustable pore sizes and stable crystalline coordination polymeric structure and implanted copper (Cu) nanoparticles thereon. The core three dimensional Zr-derived MOF (UiO-66-NH2) was modified with a biguanidine moiety following a covalent post-functionalization approach. The morphological and physicochemical features of the material were determined using analytical methods such as FT-IR, SEM, TEM, EDX, atomic mapping, XRD and ICP-OES. The SEM and XRD results justified the unaffected morphology of Zr-MOF after structural modifications. The as-synthesized UiO-66-biguanidine/Cu nanocomposite was catalytically explored in the aryl and heteroaryl Buchwald-Hartwig C-N and Ullmann type C-O cross coupling reactions with excellent yields. A library of biaryl amine and biaryl ethers was synthesized over the catalyst under mild and green conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst was isolated by centrifugation and recycled 11 times with no significant copper leaching or change in its activity.
- Veisi, Hojat,Neyestani, Narges,Pirhayati, Mozhgan,Ahany Kamangar, Sheida,Lotfi, Shahram,Tamoradi, Taiebeh,Karmakar, Bikash
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p. 22278 - 22286
(2021/07/02)
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- Schiff bases-titanium (III) & (IV) complex compounds: Novel photocatalysts in Buchwald-Hartwig C–N cross-coupling reaction
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Nine novel Schiff bases were derived from salicylic aldehyde and oxalic aldehyde, isolated, and their molecular and spatial structure were explored by a set of experiments (IR, CNMR, HNMR, CHN, SEM, XRD) and theoretical simulation (DFT def2-TZVP). A high potential was predicted in metal cations chelating. The isolated organic species were applied as the ligands in the reaction of complex formation with titanium (III) chloride and (IV) bromide and 12 novel complexes were synthesized and studied experimentally and theoretically. Using the UV–vis spectroscopic titration, the solution stability of the complexes was indicated. Depending on the nature of the Schiff base ligand, their formation constants were calculated in the range of 6.84–17.32. Using the DFT def2-TZVP theoretical method together with the experimental spectroscopic data, the coordination types of the ligands were investigated, and the structure of the complexes was proposed. The photocatalytic ability of the isolated complexes was tested in the C-N cross-coupling reaction under sunlight. Complexes exhibited high visible-light photocatalytic activity for a wide range of aromatic and benzylic amines including electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups from moderate to good yields ranging in 50–85 %. The use of an inexpensive, clean, and renewable energy source (visible light) is the superiority of the developed photocatalytic systems.
- Absalan, Yahya,Ghandi, Khashayar,Gholizadeh, Mostafa,Kovalchukova, Olga,Mahmoudi, Ghodrat,Sarvestani, Hossein Sabet,Shad, Nazanin Noroozi,Strashnov, Pavel
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Nitriles for Accessing Diarylamines through C?CN Bond Activation
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A nickel-catalyzed amination to access diarylamines has been developed through C?CN bond activation of aryl nitriles with anilines. In this developed catalytic protocol, various aromatic and heteroaromatic nitriles could be utilized as the electrophiles to couple with substituted anilines. A diversity of diarylamines were obtained in 15–95% yields. (Figure presented.).
- Wu, Ke,Rong, Qiang,Sun, Nan,Hu, Baoxiang,Shen, Zhenlu,Jin, Liqun,Hu, Xinquan
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p. 4708 - 4713
(2021/08/27)
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- Preparation method of secondary aromatic amine
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The invention provides a method for preparing secondary aromatic amine by performing a palladium-catalyzed C-N coupling reaction on (pseudo)aryl halide and (pseudo)heterocyclic aryl halide and primary(heterocyclic)aromatic amine. The method is characterized in that an alkali for promoting the reaction is an alkali metal carboxylate or an alkali metal bicarbonate.
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Paragraph 0023-0024
(2021/03/31)
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- Cu-ACP-Am-Fe3O4@SiO2: an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the Chan–Lam coupling reaction of boronic acids and amines
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Abstract: We have developed an efficient method for Cu-ACP-Am-Fe3O4@SiO2 catalyzed Chan–Lam coupling of phenylboronic acid with primary amine furnished secondary amines. The catalyst offered virtues like mild reaction conditions, magnetically separable, and reusable and exhibits excellent performance in terms of good product yield and high turnover number. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Vibhute, Sandip P.,Mhaldar, Pradeep M.,Gaikwad, Dipak S.,Shejwal, Rajendra V.,Pore, Dattaprasad M.
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- A new copper complex on graphene oxide: A heterogeneous catalyst for N-arylation and C-H activation
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Graphene oxide supported Cu (II) ligand complex (GO?AP/L-Cu) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, Raman, PXRD, UV–Visible, TGA, XPS, FESEM, TEM, EDAX, Elemental mapping, BET, CHNS and AAS analysis. The complex has been found to be efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the N-arylation and C-H activation reactions, both the catalytic reactions were found to be simple, cleaner and give high yields (~ 90%) of product. The catalyst can be easily filtered out from the reaction mixture and reused up to four times without significant loss of catalytic activity. The reported method is economical and novel in the sense that aqueous medium was used for both the reactions and for the stability of the catalyst. All isolated organic products were fully characterized on the basis of their physical and spectral data.
- Mittal, Ayushi,Kumari, Shweta,Parmanand,Yadav, Deepak,Sharma, Sunil K.
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- Synthesis and characterization of new square planar heteroleptic cationic complexes [Ni(ii) β-oxodithioester-dppe]+; Their use as a catalyst for Chan-Lam coupling
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Novel heteroleptic [Ni(ii) β-oxodithioester-dppe]+PF6- complexes (β-oxodithioester = methyl-3-hydroxy-3-benzyl-2-propenedithioate L1 1, methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenedithioate L2 2, methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(naphthyl)-2-propenedithioate L3 3, methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-propenedithioate L4 4, methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(p-bromophenyl)-2-propenedithioate L5 5 and methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(p-cyanophenyl)-2-propenedithioate L6 6) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental (C, H, N) analysis, ESI-MS, IR, UV-visible, 1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H} and 19F{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The distorted square planar structures of the isomorphous cationic complexes 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The catalytic activities of 1-6 were investigated for the Chan-Lam coupling reaction involving arylboronic acids and amines to afford N-arylated products in good to excellent yields under mild conditions with 1 mol% catalyst loading. This catalytic protocol offers significant functional group tolerance, and is endowed with a broad substrate scope. This journal is
- Kumari, Kavita,Kumar, Saurabh,Singh, Krishna Nand,Drew, Michael G. B.,Singh, Nanhai
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p. 12143 - 12153
(2020/07/30)
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- Imidazole-directed fabrication of three polyoxovanadate-based copper frameworks as efficient catalysts for constructing C-N bonds
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A synthetic pathway for the directed preparation of three novel polyoxovanadate-based copper frameworks (POVCFs), i.e., [Cu0.5(1-ipIM)2]2[V4O11] (POVCF 1), [Cu(1-ipIM)2](VO3)2 (POVCF 2) and [Cu(1-pIM)4](HpIM)4[V10O28] (POVCF 3) (1-ipIM = 1-isopropylimidazole; 1-pIM = 1-propylimidazole) using bifunctional imidazole molecules as organic ligands and base has been developed. Systematic studies revealed that the variable base enviroment in the reaction is the key step in the preparation of 1D to 3D supermolecular networks of POVCFs 1-3. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrated that the Cu2+ atoms of POVCFs 1-2 were coordinated with four imidazole derivative molecules and two different polyoxovanadate {[V4O11]2- and [V10O28]6-} clusters, respectively, exhibiting a [CuN4O2] binding set and a distorted octahedral geometry. Specifically, POVCF 1 exhibited adjacent [V4O11]2- that dangle up and down arranged in a parallel 2D network and further coordinated with [Cu(1-ipIM)4]2+ to form a 3D supramolecular structure. However, POVCF 3 presented one tetrahedral coordinated vanadium atom and one four-coordinated copper atom and they further gave rise to a 1D network by the Cu-O and V-O bonds. More importantly, these POVCFs were further studied in the construction of C-N bond reactions of primary amines under mild conditions, and it was found that POVCF 1 displayed efficient heterogeneous catalytic activities in the Chan-Lam reaction (yields up to 89%). This journal is
- Gong, Shuwen,Gu, Yuxiao,Huang, Xianqiang,Li, Jikun,Li, Qiang,Qi, Yuquan,Shen, Guodong
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p. 10970 - 10976
(2020/09/02)
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- Copper complexes of 1,4-diazabutadiene ligands: Tuning of metal oxidation state and, application in catalytic C-C and C-N bond formation
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Reaction of 1,4-diazabutadiene (p-RC6H4N = C(H)(H)C = NC6H4R-p; R = OCH3, CH3, H and Cl; abbreviated as L-R) with CuCl2·2H2O in methanol at ambient temperature (25 °C) affords a group of doubly chloro-bridged dicopper complexes of type [{CuI(L-R)Cl}2], designated as 1-R. Similar reaction carried out in acetonitrile furnishes a family of doubly chloro-bridged dicopper complexes of type [{CuII(L-R)Cl2}2], designated as 2-R. Molecular structures of 1-OCH3 and 2-OCH3 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. While copper(I) is having a nearly tetrahedral N2Cl2 coordination sphere in 1-OCH3, the N2Cl3 coordination sphere around copper(II) is distorted square pyramidal in nature in 2-OCH3. Isolated 2-R complexes, on dissolution in methanol, are found to undergo facile reduction of the metal center to generate the corresponding 1-R complexes. The 1-R and 2-R complexes show intense absorptions in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Cyclic voltammetry on the 1-R and 2-R complexes shows both metal-centered and ligand centered redox responses. The 1-R complexes are found to efficiently catalyze C-N cross-coupling reactions between arylboronic acids and aryl amines; while the 2-R complexes display notable catalytic efficiency for nitroaldol reactions.
- Mukherjee, Aparajita,Basu, Semanti,Bhattacharya, Samaresh
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- Chan-Evans-Lam C?N Coupling Promoted by a Dinuclear Positively Charged Cu(II) Complex. Catalytic Performance and Some Evidence for the Mechanism of CEL Reaction Obviating Cu(III)/Cu(I) Catalytic Cycle
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In the present study, we report the synthesis of a series of copper(II) complexes with a wide range of ligands and their testing in the copper catalyzed Chan-Evans-Lam (CEL) coupling of aniline and phenylboronic acid. The efficiency of the coupling was directly connected with the ease of the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) of the complexes. The most efficient catalyst was derived from 4-t-butyl-2,5-bis[(quinolinylimino)methyl]phenolate and two Cu(II) ions. Depending on the counter-anion nature and the concentration of the reaction mixture, the reaction can be directed to predominant C?N-bond formation. Forty-three derivatives of diphenylamine were prepared under the optimized conditions. The proposed mechanism of the catalysis was based on the reduction potential of a series of complexes, molecular weight measurements of the catalytic complex in MeOH and the kinetic studies of aniline and phenylboronic acid coupling. In addition, an 1H NMR experiment in a sealed NMR tube, without external oxygen supply available, proved that no complete Cu(II) to Cu(I) conversion was observed under the condition, ruling out the usually accepted mechanism of the C?N coupling, which included the oxygenation of the intermediately formed Cu(I) complexes after the key step of C?N conversion had already been completed. Instead, a mechanism was proposed, involving an oxygen molecule coordinated to two copper ions in the key C?N bond formation without any detectable conversion of the Cu(II) complexes to Cu(I).
- Akatyev, Nikolay,Il'in, Mikhail,Il'in, Mikhail,Peregudova, Svetlana,Peregudov, Alexander,Buyanovskaya, Anastasiya,Kudryavtsev, Kirill,Dubovik, Alexander,Grinberg, Valerij,Orlov, Victor,Pavlov, Alexander,Novikov, Valentin,Volkov, Ilya,Belokon, Yuri
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p. 3010 - 3021
(2020/04/29)
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- Synthesis and Characterization of a Tetradentate, N-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(II) Complex and Its Use as a Chan-Evans-Lam Coupling Catalyst
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Copper N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are an emerging area of focus for catalysis and other applications. Using a straightforward methodology, a new and highly modifiable tetradentate copper(II) NHC complex was generated and characterized using X-ray crystallography, UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and ESI-MS. This copper(II) NHC complex adopted a distorted 4-coordinate coordination mode and demonstrates a unique absorption spectrum for a copper(II) species, but more interestingly, its redox properties indicate that it can readily access all three common copper oxidation states under atmospheric conditions. The tetradentate copper(II) NHC complex was used to catalytically generate new C-N bonds from a series of phenylboronic acids and amines. Once this CEL methodology was refined, moderate to high yields were achieved using catalytic amounts of the copper(II) complex to couple phenylboronic acids to a series of aniline derivatives. Substituted phenylboronic acids and anilines had minimal impact on the catalytic capabilities of this copper complex; however, there is some indication that steric interactions between catalyst and substrates may have an impact on efficient catalysis. The straightforward synthesis of this framework and the utilization of an inexpensive, first-row transition metal center in this system highlight the usefulness of copper(II) NHCs as catalyst for cross-coupling reactions.
- Cope, James D.,Sheridan, Patrick E.,Galloway, Christopher J.,Awoyemi, Raymond Femi,Stokes, Sean L.,Emerson, Joseph P.
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p. 4457 - 4464
(2021/01/09)
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- Tunable Electrochemical C?N versus N?N Bond Formation of Nitrogen-Centered Radicals Enabled by Dehydrogenative Dearomatization: Biological Applications
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Herein, an environmentally friendly electrochemical approach is reported that takes advantage of the captodative effect and delocalization effect to generate nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs). By changing the reaction parameters of the electrode material and feedstock solubility, dearomatization enabled a selective dehydrogenative C?N versus N?N bond formation reaction. Hence, pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole and tetraarylhydrazine frameworks were prepared through a sustainable transition-metal- and exogenous oxidant-free strategy with broad generality. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles displayed antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. Compound 21 exhibited good photochemical properties with a large Stokes shift (approximately 130 nm) and was successfully applied to subcellular imaging. A preliminary mechanism investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the possible reaction pathway.
- Chen, Jianbin,Cui, Yuezhi,Gao, Wei,Han, Xiaoxin,Hu, Wei,Lv, Shide,Ma, Li,Niu, Liwei,Wang, Jian-Yong,Wu, Yanwei,Zhou, Jianhua,Zhou, Mingyang
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supporting information
p. 11583 - 11590
(2020/05/06)
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- PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN LAYER USING THE SAME AND COLOR FILTER
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A photosensitive resin composition, a photosensitive resin layer, and a color filter, the composition including a colorant including a first green dye having a core-shell structure and a second green dye in a weight ratio of about 1:9 to about 7:3; a binder resin; a photopolymerizable compound; a photopolymerization initiator; and a solvent.
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Paragraph 0142-0143; 0144-0145
(2020/05/29)
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- COMPOUND FOR ORGANIC ELECTRONIC ELEMENT, ORGANIC ELECTRONIC ELEMENT USING THE SAME, AND AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a device for emitting light. Provided are a novel mixture capable of improving stability and longevity, an organic electronic element using the same, and an electronic device thereof. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0335; 0437-0443
(2020/08/28)
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- Half-sandwich (η5-Cp?)Rh(iii) complexes of pyrazolated organo-sulfur/selenium/tellurium ligands: Efficient catalysts for base/solvent free C-N coupling of chloroarenes under aerobic conditions
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Three new pyrazolated chalcogenoether ligated Rh(iii) half-sandwich complexes (1-3) were synthesised by the thermal reaction of chalcogenoether (S, Se and Te) substituted 1H-pyrazole ligands (L1-L3) and [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl]2 in methanol. The complexes were fully characterised by various spectroscopic techniques, and the molecular structures of complexes 1 and2 were also established through single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, which indicates a pseudo-octahedral half-sandwich piano-stool geometry around the rhodium metal. All three complexes were found to be thermally stable and insensitive towards air and moisture. One mol% of Rh(iii) complexes (1-3) along with 10 mol% of Cu(OAc)2 were explored for the Buchwald-Hartwig type C-N coupling reactions of amine and aryl chloride. Good to excellent yields (89-92%) of the coupling products were obtained with seleno- and thio-ether functionalised pyrazolated Rh(iii) complexes (1 and 2), while an average yield (39%) was obtained with the telluro-ether functionalised complex (3). In contrast to the previously reported C-N coupling reactions the present reaction works under solvent- and base-free conditions, and the coupling reaction is accomplished in just 6 h with a high yield of the coupling product. The present methodology was also found to be efficient for a wide variety of functionalised aryl halides, and aliphatic or aromatic amines (1° and 2°). Moreover, the reaction also enables the C-N coupling of electron-withdrawing substrates and base-sensitive functionalities.
- Joshi, Raj Kumar,Sharma, Charu,Sharma, Kamal Nayan,Srivastava, Avinash Kumar
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supporting information
p. 3599 - 3606
(2020/06/10)
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- Ni/Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of alcohols and aldehydes and C-N cross-coupling of nitro and amines: via domino redox reactions: base-free, hydride acceptor-free
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Domino oxidation-Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of benzyl alcohols with phenylboronic acid and domino reduction-C-N cross-coupling of the nitro compounds with aryl halides were carried out using a strong Ni/Pd bimetallic redox catalyst. The catalyst bearing a copolymer with two Ni/Pd coordinated metals in porphyrin (derived from demetalated chlorophyll b) and salen-type ligands, and pyridine moiety as a base functionality all immobilized on magnetite NPs was synthesised and characterized. The domino oxidation cross-coupling reaction was accomplished under molecular O2 in the absence of any hydride acceptor or/and base. Also, the domino reduction C-N cross-coupling reaction was performed in the presence of NaBH4 without the need for any base and co-reductant. This multifunctional catalyst gave moderate to good yields for both coupling reactions with high chemoselectivity. A wide investigation was conducted to determine its mechanism and chemoselectivity.
- Ahmed, Rebin Omer,Kazemnejadi, Milad,Mahmoudi, Boshra
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p. 43962 - 43974
(2020/12/25)
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- Cp*Co(iii) and Cu(OAc)2bimetallic catalysis for Buchwald-type C-N cross coupling of aryl chlorides and amines under base, inert gas & solvent-free conditions
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A strategy involving bimetallic catalysis with a combination of Cp?Co(CO)I2 and Cu(OAc)2 was used for performing Buchwald-type C-N coupling reactions of aryl chlorides with amines. The reactions proceeded at 100 °C to produce excellent yields of many of the desired C-N coupled products, in 4 h, under aerobic reaction conditions. The reactions were shown to run under base-free and solvent-free conditions, enabling this strategy to work efficiently for electron-withdrawing and base-sensitive functionalities. The presented methodology was found to be equally efficient for electron-donating functionalities as well as for primary (1°) and secondary (2°) aromatic and aliphatic amines. Moreover, the products were easily separated through the extractions of the organic aqueous layer, with this process chromatographic separations is not required.
- Srivastava, Avinash K.,Sharma, Charu,Joshi, Raj K.
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supporting information
p. 8248 - 8253
(2020/12/29)
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- C–N Cross-coupling Reactions of Amines with Aryl Halides Using Amide-Based Pincer Nickel(II) Catalyst
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Abstract: An approach to C–N cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with amines in the presence of an amide-based pincer nickel(II) catalyst (2) is described. For 3?h reactions at 110?°C with 0.2?mol% catalyst, aryl bromides gave higher turnover numbers (TON) than the corresponding chlorides or iodides. Both primary and secondary amines could be used with the former giving higher TON. However, sterically hindered amines showed lower TON. In elucidating the mechanism of this nickel complex-catalyzed C–N cross coupling reaction it was found that the rate of reaction was unchanged in the presence of radical quenchers and a plausible Ni(I)–Ni(III) pathway is proposed. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]Nickel pincer catalyst proved to be excellent catalyst for the C-N cross-coupling reaction with the high turnover number (TON) for 1° and 2° amines and different nonactivated aryl halides under optimum conditions.
- Albkuri, Yahya M.,RanguMagar, Ambar B.,Brandt, Andrew,Wayland, Hunter A.,Chhetri, Bijay P.,Parnell, Charlette M.,Szwedo, Peter,Parameswaran-Thankam, Anil,Ghosh, Anindya
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p. 1669 - 1678
(2019/12/27)
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- A Novel Modified Cross-Coupling of Phenols and Amines Using Dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID)
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Phenols are considered as an ideal alternative to aryl halides as coupling partners in cross-coupling reactions. In the present work a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of phenols with various aromatic and aliphatic amines for the synthesis of secondary aryl amines using dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID) as a new and efficient activating agent has been developed. Substituted phenols were compatible with the standard reaction conditions. The two proposed mechanisms, which are based on the oxidation addition of copper with Ar-OMCID (MCID: Monochloroimidazolidinedione), are also discussed.
- Madankar, Kamelia,Mokhtari, Javad,Mirjafary, Zohreh
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supporting information
p. 1725 - 1729
(2020/09/01)
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- One-pot synthesis of symmetrical and asymmetrical diphenylamines from guanidines with aryl iodide using Cu/Cu2O nanocatalyst
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This work reports the selective one-pot synthesis of symmetrical and asymmetrical amines from guanidines as ammonia surrogate. The use of guanidine as ammonia source will eliminate the need of handling liquid ammonia. The reaction was performed using Cu/Cu2O nanocatalyst under ligand-free condition. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by a various technique like XRD, FEG-SEM, HRTEM and XPS. The different diphenylamines are produced in good to very good yields. Recyclability study of catalyst shows that up to five cycles there is no significant loss in its activity.
- Chaurasia, Shivkumar R.,Bhanage
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- Copper(I)–creatine complex on magnetic nanoparticles as a green catalyst for N- and O-arylation in deep eutectic solvent
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Immobilization of copper(I) ions on magnetic nanoparticles was performed using surface modification of Fe3O4 with creatine. Fe3O4?creatine-Cu(I) magnetic catalyst was synthesized and applied in C&bond;X cross-coupling reactions with aryl halides in a deep eutectic as a green solvent. The results indicate the Fe3O4?creatine-Cu(I) magnetic nanoparticles showed excellent activity and high stability. In addition, it was revealed that this catalyst can be recycled five times without significant loss in catalytic activity.
- Bagheri, Sepideh,Heydari, Akbar,Pazoki, Farzane,Radfar, Iman
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- Exploring Homogeneous Conditions for Mild Buchwald-Hartwig Amination in Batch and Flow
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Cross-couplings are among the most frequently used reactions in complex molecule synthesis. However, the requirement of stoichiometric base can cause challenges. Harsh, insoluble inorganic bases can lead to poor tolerance of sensitive functional groups, scale-up issues, and difficult adaptation to continuous flow platforms. Herein, we describe the use of high throughput experimentation to identify a number of conditions that enable Buchwald-Hartwig reactions to be carried out using readily available ligands (e.g., XantPhos) with DBU as a soluble, functional-group-tolerant, homogeneous base. Application of this system to diverse aminations in batch and flow are demonstrated, as is the translation of this technique to performing continuous Mizoroki-Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions.
- Kashani, Saeed K.,Jessiman, Jacob E.,Newman, Stephen G.
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supporting information
p. 1948 - 1954
(2020/03/13)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Thioethers: A Combined Synthetic and Mechanistic Study
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Herein, we report a nickel-1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcype) complex for the catalytic Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl thioethers. The protocol shows broad applicability with a variety of different functional groups tolerated under the catalytic conditions. Extensive organometallic and kinetic studies support a nickel(0)-nickel(II) pathway for this transformation and revealed the oxidative addition complex as the resting state of the catalytic cycle. All the isolated intermediates have proven to be catalytically and kinetically competent catalysts for this transformation. The fleeting transmetalation intermediate has been successfully synthesized through an alternative synthetic organometallic pathway at lower temperature, allowing for in situ NMR study of the C-N bond reductive elimination step. This study addresses key factors governing the mechanism of the nickel-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination process, thus improving the understanding of this important class of reactions.
- Bismuto, Alessandro,Delcaillau, Tristan,Müller, Patrick,Morandi, Bill
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p. 4630 - 4639
(2020/05/19)
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- Diaza crown-type macromocycle (kryptofix 22) functionalised carbon nanotube for efficient Ni2+ loading; A unique catalyst for cross-coupling reactions
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Raising the capability of supporting and suppressing the leaching possibility to a very insignificant level has still remained challenging for some class of transition metals, i.e. Ni2+. Here we present the covalent functionalisation of macrocyclic ligand, 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 (kryptofix 22), on the surface of carbon nanotube (CNT), leading to a unique adsorptive capability for supporting Ni2+. This material was incorporated as a promising catalyst in coupling reactions including C[sbnd]C, CN, and CO[sbnd][sbnd] cross-coupling reactions. We demonstrate that the kryptofix 22 functionalisation on the surface of CNT has a key role in the enhancement of the adsorption capability Ni2+ and subsequent catalytic activity. We further prove that this ligand causes a significant boost in the recyclability of the reactions due to the extremely trivial Ni2+ leaching from the CNT's surface during the reactions.
- Aalinejad, Michael,Doustkhah, Esmail,Pesyan, Nader Noroozi
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- Continuous Synthesis of Aryl Amines from Phenols Utilizing Integrated Packed-Bed Flow Systems
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Aryl amines are important pharmaceutical intermediates among other numerous applications. Herein, an environmentally benign route and novel approach to aryl amine synthesis using dehydrative amination of phenols with amines and styrene under continuous-flow conditions was developed. Inexpensive and readily available phenols were efficiently converted into the corresponding aryl amines, with small amounts of easily removable co-products (i.e., H2O and alkanes), in multistep continuous-flow reactors in the presence of heterogeneous Pd catalysts. The high product selectivity and functional-group tolerance of this method allowed aryl amines with diverse functional groups to be selectively obtained in high yields over a continuous operation time of one week.
- Ichitsuka, Tomohiro,Kobayashi, Shū,Koumura, Nagatoshi,Sato, Kazuhiko,Takahashi, Ikko
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supporting information
p. 15891 - 15896
(2020/07/13)
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- Activator-Promoted Aryl Halide-Dependent Chemoselective Buchwald-Hartwig and Suzuki-Miyaura Type Cross-Coupling Reactions
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Herein, we report the development of aryl halide-dependent chemoselective reactions, viz., the Buchwald-Hartwig type coupling reaction of an aryl iodide with an arylboronic acid and an aryl amine in the presence of a heterogeneous and reusable nickel catalyst and the Suzuki-Miyaura type coupling of an aryl chloride under similar conditions. Control experiments revealed that the presence of stoichiometric amounts of the phenylboronic acid/ester and aryl amine are essential for both reactions. NMR and XAFS studies suggested the formation of a boron-amine "ate"complex.
- Dhital, Raghu N.,Hashizume, Daisuke,Hu, Hao,Ishii, Rikako,Sato, Takuma,Sen, Abhijit,Takaya, Hikaru,Uozumi, Yasuhiro,Yamada, Yoichi M. A.
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supporting information
(2020/06/29)
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- Design, preparation and characterization of aerogel NiO-CuO-CoO/SiO2 nanocomposite as a reusable catalyst for C-N cross-coupling reaction
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Aerogels are porous, non-crystalline solid materials with high specific surface space, plentiful three-dimensional (3D) porous construction, ultra-low density and significant porosity. The aerogel nanocomposite is produced using sol-gel and supercritical drying processes. CO2 supercritical drying (SCD) is the most powerful process, ensuring optimal product properties such as high porosity, low density, and high thermal conductivity. On this account, we used the CO2 supercritical drying method to produce NiO-CuO-CoO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels and applied it as a reusable catalyst for the C-N cross-coupling reaction (Buchwald-Hartwig amination). Powerful catalytic activity for the C-N cross-coupling reaction was obtained for the new nanocomposite aerogel, that is, NiO-CuO-CoO/SiO2. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Also, organic compounds were identified by melting point, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analyses.
- Ghasemi, Amir Hossein,Naeimi, Hossein
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supporting information
p. 5056 - 5063
(2020/04/09)
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- PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN LAYER AND COLOR FILTER
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Provided are a photosensitive resin composition including (A) a colorant including a dye of a core-shell structure; (B) a binder resin; (C) a photopolymerizable compound; (D) a photopolymerization initiator; and (E) a solvent, wherein the core is a squarylium-based compound and the shell is represented by Chemical Formula 1, a photosensitive resin layer manufactured using the same, and a color filter including the photosensitive resin layer. In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the specification.
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Paragraph 0116-0117
(2021/02/19)
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- Ullmann-type: N-arylation of anilines with alkyl(aryl)sulfonium salts
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A palladium/copper-cocatalyzed Ullmann-type N-arylation of anilines using alkyl(aryl)sulfonium triflates as arylation reagents has been accomplished. The reaction enabled Caryl-S bond cleavage over Calkyl-S bond breakage of alkyl(aryl)sulfoniums by Pd(P(tBu)3)2/CuI and gave the corresponding N-arylated products in good to high yields. It was also significant that the reactions of aniline with asymmetric butyl(mesityl)(aryl)sulfonium triflates showed excellent selectivity, in which the aryl groups other than the bulky and electron-rich mesityl moieties were transformed.
- Tian, Ze-Yu,Zhang, Cheng-Pan
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p. 11936 - 11939
(2019/10/11)
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- Preparation and characterization of isatin complexed with Cu supported on 4-(aminomethyl) benzoic acid-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a novel magnetic catalyst for the Ullmann coupling reaction
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Isatin complexed with Cu supported on 4-(aminomethyl) benzoic acid-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Cu-IS-AMBA-MNPs) as a new catalyst was designed, prepared and characterized by appropriate analyses. The heterogeneous reusable catalyst was successfully used for the efficient and widespread syntheses of diaryl ethers and diarylamines via the Ullmann coupling reaction. This green catalyst was easily removed, reused several times with no significant loss of its activity, and provided a clean synthesis with excellent yield and reduced time.
- Khodaei, Mohammad Mehdi,Alizadeh, Abdolhamid,Haghipour, Maryam
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p. 2727 - 2747
(2019/02/13)
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- Copper-catalyzed, ceric ammonium nitrate mediated N-arylation of amines
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Cu-Catalyzed, ligand- and base-free cross-coupling of aryl boronic acids with primary and secondary amines has been reported. This ‘Chan-Evans-Lam' reaction has revealed that at room temperature, with a catalytic amount of copper(ii) acetate and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an oxidant, N-arylation can result in an effective C-N bond formation. This air stable, practical, robust protocol enables tolerance towards a variety of functional groups on both boronic acid and amine partners.
- Gonela, Uma Maheshwar,Ablordeppey, Seth Y.
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supporting information
p. 2861 - 2864
(2019/02/17)
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- Fe3O4@SiO2-copper sucrose xanthate as a green nanocatalyst for N-, O- and S-arylation
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Formation of C(sp2)–X bonds was carried out using a Fe3O4@SiO2-copper(I) sucrose xanthate nanoparticle catalyst with the aid of the copper(I) xanthate moiety in the catalyst which was prepared from the reaction between sucrose and carbon disulfide through an alkaline medium via the traditional Zeise approach. Various techniques were employed for the characterization of these novel nanoparticles. Three sorts of heteroatoms, N, O and S, successfully underwent heteroatom arylation to produce secondary or tertiary amines, ethers and thioethers, respectively.
- Radfar, Iman,Kazemi Miraki, Maryam,Esfandiary, Naghmeh,Ghandi, Leila,Heydari, Akbar
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- URJC-1-MOF as New Heterogeneous Recyclable Catalyst for C-Heteroatom Coupling Reactions
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Guillermo Calleja and co-workers from @urjc describe URJC-1-MOF as a new heterogeneous recyclable catalyst for c-heteroatom coupling reactions. The capacity of copper-based URJC-1-MOF as a MOF catalyst in cross-coupling reactions has been evaluated, focusing on the Chan-Lam-Evans arylation-type reactions on amines and alcohols without extra additives or ligands. The extraordinary chemical and structural stability of URJC-1-MOF and its good specific surface, make this material a promising alternative to homogeneous Cu (II) catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. URJC-1-MOF showed a remarkable catalytic activity for cross-coupling C?N and C?O reactions, higher than other heterogeneous and homogeneous copper-based catalyst, such as CuO, HKUST-1, Cu?MOF-74, Cu(OAc)2 and CuSO4?5H2O. Moreover, its easy recovery by simple filtration and reusability in successive runs without any loss of activity and stability, demonstrates the potential of URJC-1-MOF as an alternative catalyst for this kind of reactions in different chemical media of industrial interest.
- Mu?oz, Antonio,Leo, Pedro,Orcajo, Gisela,Martínez, Fernando,Calleja, Guillermo
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p. 3376 - 3380
(2019/07/04)
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- Diamines as interparticle linkers for silica-titania supported PdCu bimetallic nanoparticles in Chan-Lam and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions
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A series of highly efficient amine functionalized SiO2-TiO2 supported bimetallic PdCu catalysts with varied metal composition have been synthesized. Ethane-1,2-diamine, butane-1,4-diamine and hexane-1,6-diamine were employed as interparticle linkers for amine functionalization of a SiO2-TiO2 support material so as to study the effect of pendant chain length on stabilization and immobilization of bimetallic nanoparticles. The shortest carbon chain length on the support provided the best results, which may be due to the trapping of metal nanoparticles more efficiently by the basic nitrogen sites. The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for C-N and C-C coupling reactions. The most active catalyst, Pd1Cu1@12DA-STS, was characterized by various techniques including SEM, HR-TEM, ICP-AES, XRD, FTIR, EDX, CHN analysis and TGA studies. Moreover, the synthesized catalyst was found to be recyclable for up to five runs without significant loss of activity.
- Jamwal, Babita,Kaur, Manpreet,Sharma, Harsha,Khajuria, Chhavi,Paul, Satya,Clark
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p. 4919 - 4928
(2019/03/26)
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- Oxalic amide ligands, and uses thereof in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides
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The present invention provides oxalic amide ligands and uses thereof in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides. Specifically, the present invention provides a use of a compound represented by formula I, wherein definitions of each group are described in the specification. The compound represented by formula I can be used as a ligand in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides for the formation of C—N, C—O and C—S bonds.
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Page/Page column 72
(2020/01/09)
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- PHOSPHINE COMPOUND, CROSSLINKED COMPOSITION, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF AROMATIC AMINE COMPOUND
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a phosphine compound capable of constituting a transition metal complex excellent in reaction speed and selectivity as a catalyst. SOLUTION: There is provided a phosphine compound represented by the formula (I). In the formula Ar represents each independently an aryl group which may be substituted, R1 represents each independently a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, R2 represents each independently a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, alkoxy group or aryl group which may be substituted, or neighboring 2 R2 are bound each other to form a ring, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2020,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0044-0046; 0047-0048
(2019/12/25)
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